A model of double star induction motors under rotor bar defect for diagnosis purpose

Hubert Razik

, Ga etan Didier

, Thierry Lubin

,
C.R. da Silva

, A.W. Mascarenhas

, C.B. Jacobina

, A.M.N. Lima

and E.R.C. da Silva

Groupe de Recherches en Electrotechnique et Electronique de Nancy

GREEN - UHP - UMR - 7037
Universit e Henri Poincar e - Nancy 1 - BP 239
F - 54506 Vanduvre-l` es-Nancy, Cedex, France
Tel: +33-3-83-68-41-30 fax: +33-3-83-68-41-33
E-mail: Hubert.Razik@ieee.org

Departamento de Engenharia El etrica

Universidade Federal da Paraba
Caixa Postal 10.105 - 58109-970 Campina Grande, PB,Brazil
Fax: +55-83-310-1015(1418)
E-mail: edison@dee.ufcg.edu.br
AbstractThis paper investigates the modelling of a double
star induction motor when this one operates under rotor fault. A
special attention is paid only to the rotor defect. The use of double
star induction motors or six-phase induction motors is increasing
and we can nd it in high power process. Its main advantage lies
in most reliability in case of a normal operating system. In order
to monitor a huge power process, we have to focus our attention
on signals given the state of health of an electromechanical axis
in the whole. Consequently, an appropriated model is proposed
allowing the quantication of the severity of the fault when rotor
bars are defected. This is made thanks to the most widespread
approach: the spectral analysis of the stator current using the well
know method named Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA).
I. INTRODUCTION
In high power industry application drives, induction motors
with number of phases higher than three are commonly used.
This kind of motor have the reputation of robustness and of
roughness. The major advantage of this type of motor is the
low cost and consequently its ability to operate under eld
control. One can nd this kind of motor in applications such
as the electrical ships, the pumps, etc.
Nonetheless, failures can appear [1][4]. So, we have to
monitor the process or the induction motor in order to limit
the dangerousness of the defective process and to limit the
cost of the maintenance.
One advantage of double star induction motors in compar-
ison with the classical three-phase induction motor, is in the
natural disappearance of some torque ripple frequencies [5]
[7]. Thus, the torque ripple is reduced as rotor losses.
An other advantage of the double star induction motor is the
power segmentation approach. This type of structure reduces
each power electronic device in multi-phase inverter system.
By this way, the phase current is reduced in the motor as well
as in the inverter converter. Moreover, it is possible to ensure
the operating system not at its full nominal rate but lower rate
when a damage occurs.
A disadvantage of the double star induction motor is the
appearance of cumbersome currents when the motor is fed by
an inverter converter [8][11]. Notwithstanding, applications
use multi-star induction machine and the cumbersome current
in this one is limited [12], [13].
Generally, high power induction motors have a squirrel-cage
rotor. We propose to considered, in this study, the rotor as
a secondary winding. However, we cannot omit that stator
defect, rotor defects or bearings defects can appear at any
time. One of all the defects is the partial or full broken bar
or a broken part of the end-ring. Consequently, we focus our
attention in this paper only on the rotor failure of a double
star asynchronous motor. We consider the rotor as a single star
winding. We propose a suitable model allowing to quantify the
severity of rotor defect using the MCSA approach.
II. A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE STATOR CURRENT SIGNATURE
One common way to monitor a process using an induction
motor is the spectral analysis of the stator current. This one
involves with the research of specic sidebands around the
supply frequency and to extract their magnitude [14][16].
A classical approach based on the Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT) is used [17][20]. One other possibility is the Sliding
Discrete Fourier Transform (SDFT) analysis, or the Short Time
Discrete Fourier Transform. These methods are adapted to the
on-line analysis as the off-line analysis. In fact, an upgraded
spectrum is given at each sample period. Another way is the
time frequency approach. It allows to get the time where the
fault has appeared.
One can nd in the literature that the broken bar faults,
eccentricity, rotor asymmetry and shaft speed oscillation show
up sideband frequencies [21][25]. The frequency components
are associated with rotor faults and stator fault (short circuit).
A. Faults repartition
The rotor faults and stator faults are due to a stress or to a
combination of stress [26], [27].
0-7803-9484-4/05/$20.00 2005 IEEE 197
For the stator, the effects come from a problem which
can be: thermal (overload), electrical (insulation), mechanical
(winding), environmental (agressive, . . . ).
For the rotor, the main effects are essentially due to a
problem which can be: thermal (overload), electromagnetic
(magnetic force, . . . ), eccentricity (static or dynamic, . . . ),
mechanical (bearing, . . . ), environmental (agressive, . . . ).
In case of three-phase induction motors, defects are clas-
sied in 4 categories. The stator faults take place for almost
40%, rotor faults for almost 30%, mechanical faults for almost
20% and the rest for about 10%.
B. Broken Bars
Under rotor bar defect, the rotor currents produce forward
and backward rotating elds. This non-zero backward rotating
eld produces a rst harmonic in the stator at the frequency
{1 2} f
s
. This is the classical starting point of the classical
motor theory in case of broken bar. The sidebands near the
supply frequency due to broken bars are lower and upper
around the supply frequency.
_
f
lsb
= {1 2s} f
s
f
hsb
= {1 + 2s} f
s
(1)
Generally, sideband frequencies are dened by:
f
brb
= {1 2ks} f
s
(2)
where f
s
is the electrical supply frequency, k = 1,2,3,. . . , k
N and s denotes the per unit slip.
However, due to the winding harmonics, frequencies are
given by the following relation.
f
brb
=
_
k
_
1 s
p/2
_
s
_
f
s
(3)
where, in normal winding condition, 2k/p = 1, 11, 13 . . . ,
k N, p is number of pole pairs. We can notice that terms
of the harmonics are based on: 2k/p = 12n1 with n= 1, 2,
3, . . . . These contribute to the air-gap ux. For the classical
three-phase induction motor, the relation is: 2k/p = 6n 1
with n= 1, 2, 3, . . . .
As the slip changes with the mechanical velocity (Fig. 1),
a relationship is obtained:
s = 1
f
m
2f
s
/p
(4)
where f
m
is the mechanical velocity.
III. MODELLING
The stator of the DSIM is wound with two stars spatially
displaced by a xed electrical angle [28][30]. Classically,
the shift angle is equal to 30
o
. The windings are shown in
gure 2. In order to model the two stars induction motor, the
following general assumptions are to be considered: uniform
air-gap, magnetic linearity (negligible saturation), no eddy
currents, stator windings identical, the two stars have the same
parameters, symmetrical magnetic circuit, negligible slotting
effect, no space harmonic.
Fig. 1. Layout of the double star induction motor
Fig. 2. Winding of the Double Star Induction Motor
With these assumptions, the equations describing this induc-
tion machine with 2*3 stator phases and q rotor phases (Fig.
2) are written in vector-matrix form as follows:
[v] = [R] [i] +
d
dt
[] (5)
_
_
_
[v] = [v
s
v
r
]
t
[i] = [i
s
i
r
]
t
[] = [
s

r
]
t
(6)
_
v
s
v
r
_
=
_
Rs 0
6x3
0
3x6
Rr
_ _
i
s
i
r
_
+
d
dt
_

s

r
_
(7)
We suggest in this paper that the rotor is a three phase
circuits. Consequently, we consider the q phases rotor as a
three-phase system. Thus, we have hereafter for both the stator
and the rotor part:
v
s
= [ v
sa1
v
sb1
v
sc1
v
sa2
v
sb2
v
sc2
]
t
i
s
= [ i
sa1
i
sb1
i
sc1
i
sa2
i
sb2
i
sc2
]
t

s
= [
sa1

sb1

sc1

sa2

sb2

sc2
]
t
(8)
v
r
= [ v
r1
v
r2
v
r3
]
t
i
r
= [ i
r1
i
r2
i
r3
]
t

r
= [
r1

r2

r3
]
t
(9)
198
L
sr
t
= L
sr
_
_
cos(
r
) cos(
r
) cos(
r
+ ) cos(
r
) cos(
r
) cos(
r
+ )
cos(
r
+ ) cos(
r
) cos(
r
) cos(
r
+ ) cos(
r
) cos(
r
)
cos(
r
) cos(
r
+ ) cos(
r
) cos(
r
) cos(
r
+ ) cos(
r
)
_
_
(10)
L
ss
= L
ms
_

_
1 cos() cos() cos() cos( + ) cos( )
cos() 1 cos() cos( ) cos() cos( + )
cos() cos() 1 cos( + ) cos( ) cos()
cos() cos( ) cos( + ) 1 cos() cos()
cos( + ) cos() cos( ) cos() 1 cos()
cos( ) cos( + ) cos() cos() cos() 1
_

_
+ L
ls
.I
6
(11)
Stator resistances and rotor resistances, with I the identity
matrix, are written as:
Rs = Rs I
66
Rr = Rr I
33
(12)
Let us dene the angle between the two stator windings
which is equal to 2/3. The stator and rotor leakage induc-
tance are L
ls
, L
lr
. The stator and rotor mutual inductances
are written as L
ms
, L
sr
and L
mr
(Table I).
_

s

r
_
=
_
L
ss
L
sr
L
sr
t
L
rr
_
.
_
i
s
i
r
_
(13)
L
rr
= L
mr
_
_
1 cos() cos()
cos() 1 cos()
cos() cos() 1
_
_
+ L
lr
.I
3
(14)
The details of the two other inductance matrices L
sr
t
and
L
ss
can be found respectively in 10 and 11.
In order to develop a simple dynamic model, the trans-
formation matrix Ts
1
is used to obtain a diagonal stator
inductance matrix. We apply Ts
1
to the voltage and to
the ux equations. So, the original six-dimensional stator
system is decomposed into three two-dimensional decoupled
subsystems. These are the usual (d q) one, and a non-
electromechanical energy conversion related one named (x
y), a zero sequence (o1 o2) one. The transformation matrix
for the stator part is given
Ts
1
=
1

3
_

_
1
1
2

1
2
1
2

3
2
0
0
1
2

3
2

3
2
1
2
1
1
1
2

1
2

3
2
1
2
0
0

3
2

1
2
1
2

3
2
1
1 1 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1
_

_
(15)
The transformation matrix for the rotor part is given
Tr
1
=
_
2
3
_
_
1

2
1

2
1

2
cos(0) cos(
2
3
) cos(
4
3
)
sin(0) sin(
2
3
) sin(
4
3
)
_
_
(16)
In order to transform the rotor variables into the stator refer-
ence frame, the following rotation transformation is used:
P(
1
) =
_
_
1 0 0
0 cos(
1
) sin(
1
)
0 sin(
1
) cos(
1
)
_
_
(17)
Consequently, the machine model is then simplied. The
electromagnetic torque expression is now given by:
T = pM
_
i
s
sq
i
s
rd
i
s
sd
i
s
rq
_
(18)
where p is the number of pole pairs. The superscript
s
denotes
the stator reference frame.
The voltage and current using the transformation is now in
the stator frame:
v
s
= [v
s
sd
v
s
sq
v
s
rd
v
s
rq
v
s
x
v
s
y

t
i
s
= [i
s
sd
i
s
sq
i
s
rd
i
s
rq
i
s
x
i
s
y

t
(19)
The global equation of the induction motor is written in a
suggested form allowing to show up a particular arrangement
_

_
v
s
sd
v
s
rd
v
s
sq
v
s
rq
v
s
x
v
s
y
_

_
=
_

_
Rs 0 0 0 0 0
0 Rr M

1
Lr

1
0 0
0 0 Rs 0 0 0
M

1
Lr

1
0 Rr 0 0
0 0 0 0 Rs 0
0 0 0 0 0 Rs
_

_
.
_

_
i
s
sd
i
s
rd
i
s
sq
i
s
rq
i
s
x
i
s
y
_

_
+
_

_
Ls M 0 0 0 0
M Lr 0 0 0 0
0 0 Ls M 0 0
0 0 M Lr 0 0
0 0 0 0 Lls 0
0 0 0 0 0 Lls
_

_
d
dt
_

_
i
s
sd
i
s
rd
i
s
sq
i
s
rq
i
s
x
i
s
y
_

_
(20)
199
of the inductances part (Eq. 20). This form allows a simple
expression of the inverse of the inductances matrix part.
As we put forward the relation of all the variables in the
stator frame, one can see that only the variable in the (d
q) frame take a part in the energy conversion. The (x y)
variables does not take a part in the energy conversion and
contribute only on the increasing value of the resistive losses.
The machine model in the (dq) subspace can be written as
_

_
v
s
sd
v
s
rd
v
s
sq
v
s
rq
_

_
=
_

_
Rs 0 0 0
0 Rr M

1
Lr

1
0 0 Rs 0
M

1
Lr

1
0 Rr
_

_
_

_
i
s
sd
i
s
rd
i
s
sq
i
s
rq
_

_
+
_

_
Ls M 0 0
M Lr 0 0
0 0 Ls M
0 0 M Lr
_

_
d
dt
_

_
i
s
sd
i
s
rd
i
s
sq
i
s
rq
_

_
(21)
with

1
is the rotor velocity (
r
).
The inductances in previous equations come from the cal-
culus using the transformation matrix Ts and Tr (Eq. 15 and
Eq. 16). Consequently, there expressions are given by:
_
_
_
Ls = Lls + 3Lms
M =
3

2
Msr
Lr = Llr +
3
2
Lmr
(22)
IV. A MODEL FOR DIAGNOSIS PURPOSE
In order to have a model when the rotor is defective, we take
some assumptions. As it is well known, one frequency appears
in the stator of the induction machine in case of rotor bar
defect. As the rotor circuit is not symmetrical, 2 frequencies
appear. The rst is at the slip frequency: +sf
s
which implies
a forward current (If) in the rotor as a rotor rotating eld,
the second is at the slip frequency: sf
s
which implies a
backward current (Ib) in the rotor as a rotor rotating eld (Fig.
3). As the rotor angular speed is equal to:
s
(1 s), and the
stator eld is at
s
, two torques are produced. The main torque
is constant and a ripple torque to the rotor defect appears at
the frequency: 2sf
s
. This double slip frequency characterizes
the unbalanced rotor. Consequently, if we put our attention on
the stator current, a line frequency appears at (1 2s)f
s
.
The model we propose to present is an extension of the work
suggested by Filippetti [31]. The stator current is composed
Fig. 3. Stator and rotor rotating elds with rotor bars defect
of the main current at the supply frequency added with a line
current (Il) at (12s)f
s
. The ratio of these two current gives
information about the heath of the motor. As we want to have
a light model, we consider again the rotor as a three-phase
system. We affect the resistance of one phase in the rotor in
order to simulate a problem of the rotor bar(s). We consider
the rotor having N rotor bars which is larger than the number
n of broken bars. So, we increase the resistance of one phase
by adding a defective resistance R.
Let us put forward that rotor is considered as a three-
phase system composed of 3 circuits (phases). Each circuit
is considered as N/3 resistance connected in parallel. Thus, a
normal rotor resistance has the expression:
Rr
Rb
N/3
(23)
where n defective rotor bars induce N/3 n bars in parallel.
So, the equivalent resistance is equal to:
Rr
defect

Rb
N/3 n
(24)
Consequently, the increasing value of the rotor resistance is
given by Rr
defect
Rr, it explains:
R = 3Rr
n
N 3n
(25)
Considering the rotor variables to the stator frequency, and
using the current If and Ib of the rotor current, we obtain the
equations for the induction motor under rotor defect in steady
state as follows:
V
s
= (R
s
+ Ls
s
)I
s
+ M
s
(I
s
+ I
f
)
0 = (R
s
/(2s 1) + Ls
s
)I
l
+ M
s
(I
l
+ I
b
)
R/3s (I
f
+ I
b
) = M
s
(I
s
+ I
f
) + (Rr/s + Lr
s
)I
f
R/3s (I
f
+ I
b
) = M
s
(I
l
+ I
f
) + (Rr/s + Lr
s
)I
b
(26)
The gure 4 represents these equations.
Some simplications can be make. The rst one consists to
consider the current Il as greater than the magnetizing current.
Consequently, we miss all the magnetizing inductances in the
equivalent circuit. Moreover, another assumption is to consider
the slip s small. So the induction machine operates at steady
state and near the nominal rate. By this way, a new simple
equivalent circuit is represented in gure 5.
Fig. 4. Equivalent circuit in case of rotor defect
200
Fig. 5. Simplied equivalent circuit in case of rotor defect
As we are interested from the ratio between the main current
Is and the line current due to the rotor bar defect Il, we have
to evaluate the ratio Is/Il. Thus, an approximated expression
is:
Is
Il

=
R/3s
Rr/s + R/3s

=
R
3Rr
(27)
By the substitution in this expression the relation of R, we
nally obtain:
Is
Il

=
n
N 3n

=
n
N
(28)
As we can see, this expression does not required the value
of the slip in order to determine if the motor operates under
rotor defect or not. Nevertheless, the amplitude of the current
at (1 2s)f
s
is necessary.
Consequently, the monitoring of the induction motor can be
made through the evaluation of the ratio of the main current
and the left current due to the rotor defect. In case of an
increasing value of this ratio, we know that motor operates
under a problem. This is the rst step of the diagnosis. The
second step is to conrm the defect and to research the severity
of the defect. This approach allows to schedule a maintenance
in emergency or not.
Classically, the two frequencies close to the main frequency
are used to monitor the induction motor. Nonetheless, the
current f
hsb
, which is at (1 + 2s)f
s
frequency, is highly
depending of the equivalent rotor inertia. So, its amplitude
decreases when the inertia increases. But the current conrmes
the presence of a rotor problem. Thus, investigation are
necessary to make an effective diagnostic.
V. SIMULATION RESULTS
The Double Star Induction Motor studied is a 1.3 MW
power rate machine. This one is fed by a two three-phase
balanced voltage supply. We have restricted our study to the
case of rotor bars defect. In order to simulate the faulty bar, we
increase the value of the rotor resistance in one rotor phase.
We present in gure 6 the stator current of the induction
motor in case of rotor defect. One can see the magnitude of
this signal is modulated. It is a proof of the presence of rotor
fault. Moreover, as we have above-mentioned, a torque ripple
appears at twice the slip frequency. Thus, the rotor velocity in
case of rotor fault have a modulation too. We have presented
the velocity in the gure 7.
Stator current (A)
Time (s)
-600
-300
0
300
600
50 50.25 50.5 50.75 51
Fig. 6. Stator current in case of rotor defect
Rotor velocity (rad/s)
Time (s)
38.95
38.955
38.96
38.965
38.97
50 50.5 51 51.5 52 52.5
Fig. 7. Rotor velocity in case of rotor bar defect
Spectral density (dB)
Frequency (Hz)
|Il| (dB)
(1 2s)f
s
(1 + 2s)f
s
|Is| (dB)
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
48 48.5 49 49.5 50 50.5 51 51.5 52
Fig. 8. Stator current spectral density
In order to monitor the process, we present in gure 8 the
spectral result of the stator current using the FFT method. As
we can see, two lines appear in this gure. The motor operates
at the nominal rate in our case. The ratio between the line
current Is and the current at the frequency (1 s)f
s
(il) is
approximatively equal to 40 dB. Consequently, the ratio n/N
is approximatively equal to 1%. The slip is close to 0.78 %
and the sidebands are located at the frequency of 49.22 Hz
and 50.78 Hz respectively. The sampling time of the current
acquisition is 1 kHz and the length is a power of two (2
17
).
The frequency resolution of the spectrum is f = 0.76mHz.
The spectrum is obtained using a weighting function.
201
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a dedicated model to the monitor of a
double star induction motor. According to the study, we are
able to detect a faulty rotor thanks to the spectrum of the stator
current. Thanks to sidebands introduced in the main line by
the rotor fault, the monitoring current spectral analysis allows
to detect rotor defects. Moreover, we are able to estimate the
severity of the rotor defect. This diagnosis method is easier
when the motor operates under nominal condition. Under
no load, the rotor cage carries few currents. Consequently,
lines appear again but the slip is near to zero. Thus, lines
at the neighborhood of the main current are very difcult to
distinguish to each others. Further works are to validate them
with experimental results using a double star induction motor.
It needs a special induction motor allowing to have broken
bars. Developments are in progress to proof the effectiveness
of this approach by experimental results.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research has been supported by the GREEN labora-
tory at University Henri Poincar e, Villers-les-Nancy, France,
UFCG/Brazil and by CAPES-COFECUB/Brazil.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Nandi and H.A. Toliyat, Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Machine - A
Review,in IEMDC99, pp. 219221, May 1999.
[2] W.T. Thomson and M. Fenger, Current Signature Analysis to Detect
Induction Motor Faults, IEEE Trans. On IAS Magazine, vol. 7, No. 4,
pp. 2634, July/August 2001.
[3] G.B. Kliman and J. Stein, Induction motor fault detection via passive
current monitoring, in Proc. ICEM90, vol. 1, pp. 1317.
[4] A.H. Bonnet and G.C. Soukup, Cause and Analysis of Stator and
Rotor Failures in Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors, IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 28, No 4, pp. 921937,
July/August 1992
[5] R.O.C. Lyra and T.A. Lipo, Six-Phase Induction Machine with Third
Harmonic Current Injection, in Proc. Electrimacs2002,CD-ROM, 6
pages.
[6] T.A. Lipo, A d-q Model for Six Phase Induction Machines, Int. Conf.
Electric Machine, pp. 860-867, Athens, 1980.
[7] L. Xu, L. Ye, Analysis of a Novel Winding Structure Minimizing
Harmonic Current and Torque Ripple for Dual Six-Step Converter-Fed
High Power AC Machines, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 31, No. 1,
pp. 84-90, Jan./Feb. 1995.
[8] M.A. Abbas, R. Christen and T.M. Jahns, Six-Phase voltage Source
Inverter Driven Induction Motor, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-20,
No. 5, pp. 1251-1259, Sept./Oct. 1984.
TABLE I
SYMBOLS
R
s
: Stator resistance
L
ls
: Stator leakage inductance
L
sr
: Mutual inductance
L
ms
: Magnetizing inductance
L
lr
: Rotor leakage inductance
L
mr
: Magnetizing inductance
R
r
: Rotor resistance
M : Magnetizing inductance referred to the stator
Ls : Stator inductance
Lr : Rotor inductance referred to the stator
s : Slip
p : number of pole pairs
[9] K. Gopakumar, V.T. Ranganathan and S.R. Bhat, Split Phase Induction
Motor Operation from PWM Voltage Source Inverter, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Appl., vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 927-932, Sept./Oct. 1993.
[10] D. Hadiouche, H. Razik and A. Rezzoug, On the design of Dual-Stator
windings for safe VSI fed AC Machine Drives, in IAS2001, pp. 1-8,
30 September- 5 October.
[11] V. Bartos, P. Valenta and K. Zeman, Mathematical and Physical model
of the traction drive feeded by two VSI, in Proc. PEMC98, vol. 6,
pp. 6872.
[12] E.A. Klingshirn, High Phase Order Induction Motors-Part I-Description
and Theoretical Considerations, IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst.,
vol. PAS-102, No 1, pp. 47-53, Jan. 1983.
[13] E.A. Klingshirn, High Phase Order Induction Motors-Part II-
Experimental Results, IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst., vol. PAS-102,
No. 1, pp. 54-59, Jan. 1983.
[14] E. Ritchie and T. Jokinen, Dynamic model of three-phase Squirrel Cage
Induction Motors with Rotor Faults, in International Conference on
Electrical Machines, ICEM94, vol. 2, pp. 694698, 1994.
[15] S. Manolas, J. Tegopoulos and M. Papadopoulos, Analysis of Squirrel
Cage Induction Motors with Broken Rotor Bars, in Proc. ICEM96,
Vigo, Spain, vol. 3, pp. 1923, September 1995.
[16] R. Fiser and S. Ferkolj, Development of Steady State Mathematical
Model of Induction Motor with Rotor Cage Faults, in International
Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM98, Istanbul, Turkey, vol. 3/3,
pp. 21882191, September 1998.
[17] G.B. Kliman and J. Stein, Methods of motor current signature analysis,
Electric Machines and Power Systems, vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 463474,
1992.
[18] A. Abed, F. Weinachter, H. Razik and A. Rezzoug, Real-Time Im-
plementation of the Sliding DFT Applied to on-lines broken bars
diagnostic, in Proc. IEMDC2001, pp. 345348.
[19] H. Razik, A. Abed, G. Didier, F. Weinachter,A. Rezzoug, Analysis of
the current spectral of an induction motor for diagnostic purposes, in
Proc. ICEM2002, 26 - 28 August 2002, Bruges, Belgium.
[20] G.B. Kliman, J. Stein, R.D. Endicott and R.W. Madden, Noninvasive
detection of broken rotor bars in operating induction motors, IEEE
Trans. On Energy Conversion, vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 873878, December
1998.
[21] G.A. Capolino, A Comprehensive Analysis of the Current Status in Low
Voltage Induction Motor Diagnosis, in Proc. ICEM2000, pp. 595602.
[22] N.M. Elkasabgy, A.R. Eastman and G.E. Dawson, Detection of broken
bars in the cage rotor induction machine, IEEE Trans. on IAS, vol. 28,
No. 1, pp. 165171, January/February 1992.
[23] W.T. Thomson, D. Rankin and D.G. Dorell, On-Line Current Moni-
toring to Diagnose Airgap Eccentricity in Large Three-Phase Induction
Motors-Industrial case Histories Verify the Predictions, IEEE Trans. On
Energy Conversion, vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 13721378, December 1999.
[24] B. Yazici and G.B. Kliman, An Adaptive Statistical Time-Frequency
method for Detection of Broken Bars and Bearing Faults in Motors
Using Stator Current, IEEE Trans. On IAS, vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 442
452, March/April 1999.
[25] M.Haji and H.A Toliyat, Pattern recognition A technique for induction
machines rotor fault detection Eccentricity and Broken bar fault,
Proc. IAS01, CD-ROM.
[26] A.H. Bonnet and G.C. Soukup, Analysis of Rotor Failures in Squirrel-
Cage Induction Motors, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,
vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 11241130, November/December 1988.
[27] M.G. Melero, M.F. Cabanas, F.R. Faya, C.H. ROJAS and J. Solares,
Electromagnetic Torque Harmonics for On-Line Interturn Shortcircuits
Detection in Squirrel Cage Induction Motors, in Proc. EPE99, pp. 19.
[28] R.H. Nelson and P.C. Krause, Induction Machine Analysis for Arbitrary
Displacement between Multiple Winding Sets, in IEEE Trans. on Power
Apparatus and Systems, 1974, vol. PAS93, pp. 841-848.
[29] A. Balestrino, O. Bruno and A. Landi, Direct Self-Control in Induction
Machine with Two Three Phase stator winding sets, in Proc. ICEM96,
vol. 1, pp. 231-235.
[30] Z. Chen and A.C. Williamson, Simulation Study of a Double Three
Phase Electric Machine, in Proc. ICEM98, vol. 1, pp. 215-220.
[31] F. Filippetti, M. Martelli, G. Franceschini and C. Tassoni, Delopment
of expert system knowledge base to on-line diagnosis of rotor electrical
faults of induction motors, in Proc. IAS Annual meeting,Houston, TX,
Oct. 1992, pp. 92-99.
202