DNS Server Configuration

There are the files which must be configure if you want to make you LINUX operating system as Server.
The three files are as follows:
1. /etc/resolv.conf
2. /etc/named.conf
3. /etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf: -
The initial structure of this file is as follows :
### BEGIN INFO
#
#
### END INFO
#
nameserver 127.0.0.1
search localhost
When you want to configure your linux server then the basic change that you made on this file are
as follows:
### BEGIN INFO
#
#
### END INFO
#
nameserver 172.31.1.30
nameserver 172.31.1.62
nameserver 172.17.14.47
nameserver 202.54.15.1
nameserver 172.16.1.1
search cc21447.iiita.ac.in
/etc/named.conf :-

The initial structure of this file is as follows:

# The following zone definitions don't need any modification. The first one
# is the definition of the root name servers. The second one defines
# localhost while the third defines the reverse lookup for localhost.

zone "." in {
type hint;
file "root.hint";
};

zone "localhost" in {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in {
type master;
file "127.0.0.zone";
};

# Include the meta include file generated by createNamedConfInclude. This

# includes all files as configured in NAMED_CONF_INCLUDE_FILES from
# /etc/sysconfig/named

include "/etc/named.conf.include";

# You can insert further zone records for your own domains below or create
# single files in /etc/named.d/ and add the file names to
# NAMED_CONF_INCLUDE_FILES.
# See /usr/share/doc/packages/bind/README.SUSE for more details.

After the configureation of DNS we have new zone file which look like as
# The following zone definitions don't need any modification. The first one
# is the definition of the root name servers. The second one defines
# localhost while the third defines the reverse lookup for localhost.

zone "." in {
type hint;
file "root.hint";
};

zone "localhost" in {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in {
type master;
file "127.0.0.zone";
};

Zone “<forward-zone.zone>” in{

Type master;
File “<forwardfile.zone”;
Allow-update no;
};

Zone “<reverse-zone.in-addr.arpa” in {
Type master;
File “<reversefilename.zone”;
Allow-update no;
};
# Include the meta include file generated by createNamedConfInclude. This
# includes all files as configured in NAMED_CONF_INCLUDE_FILES from
# /etc/sysconfig/named

include "/etc/named.conf.include";

# You can insert further zone records for your own domains below or create
# single files in /etc/named.d/ and add the file names to
# NAMED_CONF_INCLUDE_FILES.
# See /usr/share/doc/packages/bind/README.SUSE for more details.

Zone File
for farward lookup file we follow the following structure
$TTL 3D
@ IN SOA ns1.cc21447.iiita.ac.in. root.cc21447.iiita.ac.in. (
20080911 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh, Seconds
3600 ; Retry, Seconds
3600 ; Expire, Seconds
3600 ) ; Minimum, Seconds
NS www ; Inet Address of nameserver
cc21447.iita.ac.in. MX 1 mail ; Primary mail exchanger
localhost A 127.0.0.1
dns0 A 172.31.1.30
dns1 A 172.31.1.62
cc21447 A 172.17.14.47
cc21447 A 172.16.1.1
ns1 CNAME cc21447
www CNAME cc21447
mail CNAME cc21447

for the backward lookup or reverse lookup file we follow the following structure
$TTL 3D
@ IN SOA www.cc21447.iiita.ac.in. root.cc21447.iiita.ac.in. (
20080911 ;Serial Number
8H ; Refresh, Seconds
2H ; Retry, Seconds
4W ; Expire, Seconds
1D ) ; Minimum, seconds
NS www ;Nameserver Address
62 PTR dns1.iiita.ac.in.
30 PTR dns0.iiita.ac.in.
47 PTR cc21447.iiita.ac.in.
1 PTR cc21447.iiita.ac.in.
1 PTR ns1.cc21447.iiita.ac.in.
1 PTR mail.cc21447.iiita.ac.in.

After doing all this setting we restart all the service.

Configure the /etc/hosts

After configure the two above files we then configure one more file that is /etc/hosts
at the very first stage the lookup of hosts file are as follows:
#
# hosts This file describes a number of hostname-to-address
# mappings for the TCP/IP subsystem. It is mostly
# used at boot time, when no name servers are running.
# On small systems, this file can be used instead of a
# "named" name server.
# Syntax:
#
# IP-Address Full-Qualified-Hostname Short-Hostname
#
127.0.0.1 localhost
# special IPv6 addresses
::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback
when we configure our hosts file then it looks like as following :
#
# hosts This file describes a number of hostname-to-address
# mappings for the TCP/IP subsystem. It is mostly
# used at boot time, when no name servers are running.
# On small systems, this file can be used instead of a
# "named" name server.
# Syntax:
#
# IP-Address Full-Qualified-Hostname Short-Hostname
#
127.0.0.1 localhost
# special IPv6 addresses
::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback
fe00::0 ipv6-localnet
ff00::0 ipv6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ipv6-allnodes
ff02::2 ipv6-allrouters
ff02::3 ipv6-allhosts
#127.0.0.2 spine.spine.iiita.ac.in spine
172.31.1.31 dns0.iiita.ac.in
172.31.1.62 dns1.iiita.ac.in
#127.0.0.2 spine.spine.iiita.ac.in spine
172.16.1.1 cc21447 cc21447.iiita.ac.in
172.17.14.47 cc21447 cc21447.iita.ac.in
#127.0.0.2 cc21447.cc21447.iiita.ac.in cc21447
After configuring all these file yours DNS are ready to go .
Good luck
Amar Prakash Srivastava
MSCLIS
Indian Institute of technology, Allahabad