NETWORK

CONNECTING FIVE WOKSTATIONS IN A LAN.

10/21/2008

UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY,
MAURITIUS.
KODABACCUS M. NAJIIB
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NETWORK
NETWORKING OVERVIEW

Networks typically connect both computers and peripherals together. USB

and IEEE 1394 are designed to connect peripherals to a single computer.
Network is done to share resources, either for convenience or to save money.

LAN

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a small area,

like a home, office, or small group of buildings, such as a school, or an
airport. The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide-area
networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller
geographic range, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.

Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most
common technologies currently.

HARDWARES
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The hard wares required to set up a LAN are:

 Network interface card (NIC),

 A medium for transmitting data from one computer to another (A wire),

 A switch.

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)

A network interface card plugs into the expansion bus of a motherboard and
provides several necessary networking features. A NIC provides:

 Only one address for the computer. This address is stored in ROM on
the card, and is a unique code assigned by the manufacturer.

 A connection to the media or cable used for the network.

 The processor and buffers required to send and receive packets of

data over the network cable.

Ethernet card is an example of network interface cards (NICs). In the

workstation each computer must have its own Ethernet card.

ETHERNET CARD

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Ethernet is a baseband network which mean that only one signal

can be on the network at a time and that the signal takes up the
entire bandwidth. In an Ethernet network, the NIC listen to the
cable, checking to see if anyone else’s computer is talking. If no
other computers are transmitting at that time, your card sends
out a data transmission. As more terminals come online, each
new card waits for a quiet moment before transmitting data.

Ethernet cards may operate at different network speeds

depending on the protocol standard they support. Old Ethernet
cards were capable only of the 10 Mbps maximum speed offered
by Ethernet originally. Modern Ethernet adapters all support the
100 Mbps Fast Ethernet standard and an increasing number now
also offer Gigabit Ethernet support at 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps).

MEDIA

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All networks communicate through a media. Examples of media are:

 Twisted pair cable,

 Fiber optic cable ,

 Coaxial cable.

The media that we usually used in a LAN is TWISTED CABLE.

A standard RJ45 Ethernet connector

SWITCH

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The switch plays an integral part in most Ethernet local area

networks or LANs. A switch operates at the data-link layer of the OSI model
to create a different collision domain per switch port. The five computers in
the workstation (A/B/C/D/E) on five switch ports, then A and B can transfer
data between them as well as C, D and E at the same time, and they will
never interfere with each others' conversations.

Back view of network switch with Ethernet ports.

CONFIGURING THE COMPUTER

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For configuring the computer:

 Enter the control panel.

 The following window will open:-

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 Click on the properties button

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 Click on Internet protocol then click the properties button.

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 The following window will open:-

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The subnet mask for the five computers is 255.255.255.0 and the default
gateway is 192.1.1.1.

IP ADDRESS

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An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification (logical

address) that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network
utilizing the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes. In the
original Internet routing scheme developed in the 1970s, sites were assigned
addresses from one of three classes: Class A, Class B and Class C. The
address classes differ in size and number. Class A addresses are the largest,
but there are few of them. Classes Cs are the smallest, but they are
numerous. Classes D and E are also defined, but not used in normal
operation. We will be using class C IP address.

CLASS C

 First three bits 110; 21 network bits; 8 host bits

 Initial byte: 192 - 223
 2,097,152 Class Cs exist
 254 hosts on each Class C

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