Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Website: Email:
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Purpose
This document describes the structure, components, and working principles of the BSC in terms of hardware, software, and logic. It also describes the transport and networking, signal flows, and technical specifications of the BSC.
Product Version
The following table lists the product version related to this document. Product Name BSC Product Model BSC6000 Product Version V900R008C12
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l l l
Organization
1 Changes in BSC Product Description This provides the changes of the BSC Product Description. 2 Position of the BSC in the GSM/GPRS Network In the GSM/GPRS network, the BSC is located between the BTS and the MSC or between the BTS and the PCU. The BSC performs the following functions: radio resource management, BTS management, power control, and handover control.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. iii
3 Functions of the BSC The BSC mainly performs the following functions: radio resource management, connection management, and BTS management. 4 Introduction to the BSC This describes the physical, logical, and software structures of the BSC. 5 BSC Hardware Configuration The GBAM and GOMU are the operation and maintenance entities of the BSC. There are two types of BSC hardware configuration: configuration type A and configuration type B. In configuration type A, the BSC is configured with the GBAM. In configuration type B, the BSC is configured with the GOMU. One BSC can use only one configuration type. 6 BSC TDM Switching Subsystem The Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) switching subsystem performs data exchange in the circuit switched (CS) domain. 7 BSC GE Switching Subsystem The Gigabit Ethernet (GE) switching subsystem performs the GE switching and packet switching of the signaling and OM information in the BSC. 8 BSC Service Processing Subsystem The BSC service processing subsystem performs voice coding/decoding, rate matching, and PS service processing. 9 BSC Service Control Subsystem The BSC service control subsystem performs the following functions: paging control, system information management, channel assignment, BTS public service management, call control, packet service control, handover and power control, cell broadcast short message service, BTS OM, and TC resource pool management. 10 BSC Interface Processing Subsystem The BSC interface and signaling processing subsystem processes the signaling on the BSC interfaces. 11 BSC Clock Subsystem The BSC clock subsystem consists of the GGCU and the clock processing unit in each subrack. The clock subsystem provides the working clock for the BSC and provides the reference clock for the BTS. 12 BSC Power Subsystem The BSC power subsystem adopts dual-circuit redundancy and point-by-point monitoring solution, which is highly reliable. The BSC power subsystem comprises the power lead-in part and the power distribution part. 13 BSC Environment Monitoring Subsystem The BSC environment monitoring subsystem comprises the power distribution box and the environment monitoring parts in each subrack. The environment monitoring subsystem monitors and adjusts the power supply, the speed of the fans, and the working environment. 14 OM of the BSC
iv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
This describes two OM modes and various OM functions of the BSC. 15 BSC Signal Flow The BSC signal flow consists of the CS service signal flow, PS service signal flow, signaling flow, and OM signal flow. 16 BSC Transmission and Networking This describes various transmission and networking modes between the BSC and other NEs. 17 BSC Technical Specifications The BSC technical specifications consist of the capacity specifications, engineering specifications, physical port specifications, reliability specifications, clock precision specifications, noise and safety compliance, and environment specifications.
Conventions
Symbol Conventions The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Symbol Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided,will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided,could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.
General Conventions The general conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention Times New Roman Boldface Italic
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Description Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman. Names of files, directories, folders, and users are in boldface. For example, log in as user root. Book titles are in italics.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. v
Command Conventions The command conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention Boldface Italic [] { x | y | ... } [ x | y | ... ] { x | y | ... }* Description The keywords of a command line are in boldface. Command arguments are in italics. Items (keywords or arguments) in brackets [ ] are optional. Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. One item is selected. Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical bars. One item is selected or no item is selected. Optional items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical bars. A minimum of one item or a maximum of all items can be selected. Optional items are grouped in brackets and separated by vertical bars. Several items or no item can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ]*
GUI Conventions The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention Boldface > Description Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles are in boldface. For example, click OK. Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.
Keyboard Operations The keyboard operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Format Key
vi
Description Press the key. For example, press Enter and press Tab.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Description Press the keys concurrently. For example, pressing Ctrl+Alt +A means the three keys should be pressed concurrently. Press the keys in turn. For example, pressing Alt, A means the two keys should be pressed in turn.
Mouse Operations The mouse operations that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Action Click Double-click Drag Description Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the pointer. Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly without moving the pointer. Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer to a certain position.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
vii
Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii 1 Changes in BSC Product Description....................................................................................1-1 2 Position of the BSC in the GSM/GPRS Network................................................................2-1 3 Functions of the BSC.................................................................................................................3-1 4 Introduction to the BSC............................................................................................................4-1
4.1 BSC Physical Structure...................................................................................................................................4-2 4.2 BSC Software Structure..................................................................................................................................4-5 4.3 BSC Logical Structure.................................................................................................................................... 4-7
Contents
14 OM of the BSC........................................................................................................................14-1
14.1 OM Modes of the BSC................................................................................................................................14-2 14.2 OM Functions of the BSC...........................................................................................................................14-3 14.2.1 BSC Security Management................................................................................................................14-4 14.2.2 BSC Configuration Management.......................................................................................................14-6 14.2.3 BSC Performance Management.......................................................................................................14-10 14.2.4 BSC Alarm Management.................................................................................................................14-11 14.2.5 BSC Loading Management..............................................................................................................14-13 14.2.6 BSC Upgrade Management..............................................................................................................14-16 14.2.7 BTS Loading Management..............................................................................................................14-16 14.2.8 BTS Upgrade Management..............................................................................................................14-17
Contents
16.2 Transmission and Networking on the A Interface.......................................................................................16-5 16.3 Transmission and Networking on the Pb Interface.....................................................................................16-8 16.4 Transmission and Networking on the Ater Interface..................................................................................16-9 16.5 Transmission and Networking on the Gb Interface...................................................................................16-10
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
xi
Figures
Figures
Figure 2-1 Position of the BSC in the GSM/GPRS network...............................................................................2-2 Figure 4-1 Physical structure of the BSC.............................................................................................................4-2 Figure 4-2 Front view of the BSC cabinet...........................................................................................................4-4 Figure 4-3 Structure of the host software.............................................................................................................4-5 Figure 4-4 Structure of the OMU software..........................................................................................................4-6 Figure 4-5 Structure of LMT software.................................................................................................................4-6 Figure 4-6 Logical structure of the BSC..............................................................................................................4-7 Figure 5-1 OM path between the GMPS and the main GTCS (in local GTCS mode)........................................5-3 Figure 5-2 OM path between the GMPS and the main GTCS (in remote GTCS mode).....................................5-3 Figure 5-3 BSC minimum configuration (GTCS configured on the BSC side)..................................................5-6 Figure 5-4 BSC minimum configuration (GTCS configured on the MSC side)..................................................5-6 Figure 5-5 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the BSC side)..................................................5-7 Figure 5-6 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the MSC side).................................................5-7 Figure 5-7 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the BSC side)..................................................5-8 Figure 5-8 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the MSC side).................................................5-8 Figure 5-9 BSC minimum configuration............................................................................................................5-11 Figure 5-10 BSC maximum configuration (E1/T1 transmission used on the A interface)................................5-12 Figure 5-11 BSC maximum configuration (STM-1 transmission used on the A interface)..............................5-12 Figure 5-12 BSC minimum configuration..........................................................................................................5-14 Figure 5-13 BSC maximum configuration.........................................................................................................5-14 Figure 5-14 BSC minimum configuration (GTCS configured locally).............................................................5-16 Figure 5-15 BSC minimum configuration (GTCS configured remotely)..........................................................5-16 Figure 5-16 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured locally).............................................................5-17 Figure 5-17 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured remotely)..........................................................5-17 Figure 5-18 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured locally).............................................................5-18 Figure 5-19 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured remotely)..........................................................5-18 Figure 5-20 BSC minimum configuration..........................................................................................................5-20 Figure 5-21 BSC maximum configuration (E1/T1 transmission used on the A interface)................................5-21 Figure 5-22 BSC maximum configuration (STM-1 transmission used on the A interface)..............................5-22 Figure 5-23 BSC minimum configuration..........................................................................................................5-23 Figure 5-24 BSC maximum configuration.........................................................................................................5-24 Figure 6-1 TDM interconnections between GMPS and GEPS............................................................................6-2 Figure 6-2 TDM interconnections between GTCSs.............................................................................................6-2 Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xiii
Figures
HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Controller BSC Product Description Figure 6-3 Intra-subrack TDM interconnections..................................................................................................6-3 Figure 6-4 Logical structure of the BSC TDM switching subsystem..................................................................6-4
Figure 7-1 GE interconnection between the GMPS and the GEPS......................................................................7-2 Figure 7-2 GE interconnection between the GTCSs............................................................................................7-2 Figure 7-3 Intra-subrack GE interconnection.......................................................................................................7-3 Figure 7-4 Logical structure of the BSC GE switching subsystem......................................................................7-4 Figure 8-1 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (1).......................................................8-2 Figure 8-2 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (2).......................................................8-3 Figure 8-3 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (3).......................................................8-3 Figure 8-4 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (4).......................................................8-4 Figure 8-5 Logical structure of the CS service processing subsystem.................................................................8-5 Figure 8-6 Logical structure of the PS service processing subsystem.................................................................8-5 Figure 10-1 Physical structure of the BSC interface processing subsystem......................................................10-2 Figure 10-2 BSC interfaces................................................................................................................................10-3 Figure 11-1 Clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS (BITS clock source)..................................................11-3 Figure 11-2 Clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS (line clock source).....................................................11-4 Figure 11-3 Clock synchronization in the GTCS...............................................................................................11-4 Figure 11-4 BSC clock synchronization procedure (BITS clock source)..........................................................11-5 Figure 11-5 BSC clock synchronization procedure (line clock source).............................................................11-6 Figure 11-6 BSC clock synchronization procedure (BITS clock source)..........................................................11-6 Figure 12-1 Power lead-in part (common power distribution box)....................................................................12-1 Figure 12-2 Power lead-in part (high-power distribution box)..........................................................................12-2 Figure 13-1 Principle of power monitoring........................................................................................................13-2 Figure 13-2 Principle of fan monitoring.............................................................................................................13-3 Figure 13-3 Principle of environment monitoring............................................................................................. 13-3 Figure 14-1 Network topology of the BSC OM (in BSC hardware configuration type A)............................... 14-2 Figure 14-2 Network topology of the BSC OM (in BSC hardware configuration type B)................................14-3 Figure 14-3 Principle of the offline data configuration......................................................................................14-7 Figure 14-4 Principle of the online data configuration...................................................................................... 14-7 Figure 14-5 Procedure of the BSC data consistency check................................................................................14-9 Figure 14-6 BSC data synchronization procedure ...........................................................................................14-10 Figure 14-7 BSC performance management process.......................................................................................14-11 Figure 14-8 Alarm management process of the BSC.......................................................................................14-12 Figure 14-9 Working principle of the alarm box .............................................................................................14-13 Figure 14-10 BSC loading process (1).............................................................................................................14-14 Figure 14-11 BSC loading process (2).............................................................................................................14-15 Figure 14-12 BSC loading process (3).............................................................................................................14-15 Figure 15-1 CS signal flow (1)...........................................................................................................................15-2 Figure 15-2 CS signal flow (2)...........................................................................................................................15-3 Figure 15-3 CS signal flow (3)...........................................................................................................................15-3 Figure 15-4 CS signal flow (4)...........................................................................................................................15-4 Figure 15-5 CS signal flow (5)...........................................................................................................................15-5 xiv Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Figures
Figure 15-6 CS signal flow (6)...........................................................................................................................15-5 Figure 15-7 PS signal flow (Abis over TDM)....................................................................................................15-6 Figure 15-8 PS signal flow (Abis over IP).........................................................................................................15-7 Figure 15-9 BSC PS signal flow (external PCU )..............................................................................................15-7 Figure 15-10 Protocol stack on the Abis interface (Abis over TDM)................................................................15-8 Figure 15-11 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface (Abis over TDM)..............................................................15-9 Figure 15-12 Protocol stack on the Abis interface (Abis over HDLC)..............................................................15-9 Figure 15-13 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface (Abis over HDLC)..........................................................15-10 Figure 15-14 Protocol stack on the Abis interface (Abis over IP)...................................................................15-10 Figure 15-15 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface (Abis over IP).................................................................15-11 Figure 15-16 Protocol stack on the A interface (A over TDM).......................................................................15-12 Figure 15-17 Signaling flow on the A interface (A over TDM) (BM/TC separated)......................................15-12 Figure 15-18 Signaling flow on the A interface (A over TDM) (BM/TC combined).....................................15-13 Figure 15-19 Protocol stack on the A interface (A over IP).............................................................................15-13 Figure 15-20 Signaling flow on the A interface (A over IP)............................................................................15-14 Figure 15-21 Protocol stack on the Pb interface..............................................................................................15-14 Figure 15-22 Signaling flow on the Pb interface.............................................................................................15-15 Figure 15-23 Protocol stack on the Gb interface..............................................................................................15-15 Figure 15-24 Signaling flow on the Gb interface.............................................................................................15-16 Figure 15-25 OM signal flow (GTCS configured on the BSC side)................................................................15-17 Figure 15-26 OM signal flow (GTCS configured on the MSC side)...............................................................15-18 Figure 15-27 BSC OM signal flow (BM/TC combined).................................................................................15-19 Figure 15-28 BSC OM signal flow (A over IP)...............................................................................................15-20 Figure 16-1 E1/T1-based TDM networking on the Abis interface....................................................................16-2 Figure 16-2 STM-1-based TDM networking on the Abis interface...................................................................16-2 Figure 16-3 E1/T1-based HDLC networking on the Abis interface..................................................................16-3 Figure 16-4 Hybrid networking (Abis over TDM and Abis over HDLC).........................................................16-4 Figure 16-5 MSTP-based IP networking on the Abis interface.........................................................................16-4 Figure 16-6 Data-network-based IP networking on the Abis interface..............................................................16-5 Figure 16-7 E1/T1-based TDM networking on the A interface (1)...................................................................16-6 Figure 16-8 E1/T1-based TDM networking on the A interface (2)...................................................................16-6 Figure 16-9 STM-1-based TDM networking on the A interface (1)..................................................................16-6 Figure 16-10 STM-1-based TDM networking on the A interface (2)................................................................16-7 Figure 16-11 IP networking on the A interface (1)............................................................................................16-7 Figure 16-12 IP networking on the A interface (2)............................................................................................16-8 Figure 16-13 E1/T1-based TDM networking on the Pb interface......................................................................16-8 Figure 16-14 STM-1-based TDM networking on the Pb interface....................................................................16-8 Figure 16-15 E1/T1-based networking on the Ater interface (GTCS configured on the BSC side)..................16-9 Figure 16-16 E1/T1-based networking on the Ater interface (GTCS configured on the MSC side).................16-9 Figure 16-17 STM-1-based networking on the Ater interface (GTCS configured on the MSC side)...............16-9 Figure 16-18 E1/T1-based FR networking on the Gb interface.......................................................................16-10 Figure 16-19 FE/GE-based IP networking on the Gb interface.......................................................................16-11 Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xv
Tables
Tables
Table 2-1 Functions of each NE in the GSM/GPRS network..............................................................................2-2 Table 4-1 Components of the BSC.......................................................................................................................4-2 Table 4-2 Components in the BSC Cabinet..........................................................................................................4-4 Table 5-1 Recommended configuration of the BSC............................................................................................5-9 Table 5-2 Recommended configuration of the BSC..........................................................................................5-13 Table 5-3 Recommended configuration of the BSC..........................................................................................5-15 Table 5-4 Recommended configuration of the BSC..........................................................................................5-19 Table 5-5 Recommended configuration of the BSC..........................................................................................5-22 Table 5-6 Recommended configuration of the BSC..........................................................................................5-24 Table 10-1 Physical entities of the BSC interface processing subsystem..........................................................10-2 Table 14-1 Definitions of the BSC user authorities...........................................................................................14-4 Table 14-2 BSC logs...........................................................................................................................................14-5 Table 17-1 Capacity specification of the BSC...................................................................................................17-2 Table 17-2 Structural specifications...................................................................................................................17-3 Table 17-3 Power consumption specifications...................................................................................................17-3 Table 17-4 Power supply and EMC specifications of the BSC..........................................................................17-3 Table 17-5 Specifications of the external transmission interfaces of the BSC...................................................17-4 Table 17-6 Specifications of the internal transmission interfaces of the BSC...................................................17-7 Table 17-7 Specifications of the clock interfaces of the BSC............................................................................17-8 Table 17-8 Reliability specifications of the BSC...............................................................................................17-8 Table 17-9 Clock specifications of the BSC......................................................................................................17-9 Table 17-10 Specifications of the noise and safety compliance of the BSC .....................................................17-9 Table 17-11 Climatic requirements (storage)...................................................................................................17-10 Table 17-12 Requirements for physically active materials (storage)...............................................................17-11 Table 17-13 Requirements for chemically active materials (storage)..............................................................17-11 Table 17-14 Mechanical stress requirements (storage)....................................................................................17-12 Table 17-15 Requirements for the climate (transportation).............................................................................17-13 Table 17-16 Requirements for physically active materials (transportation)....................................................17-14 Table 17-17 Requirements for chemically active materials (transportation)...................................................17-14 Table 17-18 Requirements for the mechanical stress (transportation).............................................................17-14 Table 17-19 Temperature and humidity requirements.....................................................................................17-15 Table 17-20 Other requirements.......................................................................................................................17-15 Table 17-21 Requirements for physically active materials (operating)............................................................17-16 Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xvii
Tables
HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Controller BSC Product Description Table 17-22 Requirements for chemically active materials (operating)..........................................................17-16 Table 17-23 Mechanical Stress Requirements.................................................................................................17-17 Table 17-24 Hardware configuration specifications of the GBAM (IBM X3650T)........................................17-18 Table 17-25 Hardware configuration specifications of the GBAM (Huawei C5210)......................................17-18 Table 17-26 Hardware configuration specifications of the GBAM (HP CC3310)..........................................17-19 Table 17-27 Performance specifications of the GBAM...................................................................................17-19 Table 17-28 Hardware configuration specifications of the GOMU.................................................................17-19 Table 17-29 Performance specifications of the GOMU...................................................................................17-20 Table 17-30 Technical specifications of the BSC power distribution box.......................................................17-21 Table 17-31 Technical specifications of the BSC high-power distribution box..............................................17-21
xviii
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
V900R008C12 04(2010-05-20)
This is the fourth commercial release. Compared with issue 03(2009-07-20) of V900R008C12 ,no information is added, modified or removed.
V900R008C12 03(2009-07-20)
This is the third commercial release. Compared with issue 02(2009-05-30) of V900R008C12 ,no information is added, modified or removed.
V900R008C12 02(2009-05-30)
This is the second commercial release. Compared with issue 01(2009-02-16) of V900R008C12, no information is added. Compared with issue 01(2009-02-16) of V900R008C12, the following information is modified: Item 17.4 BSC Reliability Specifications Change Description System availability in typical configuration.
V900R008C12 01(2009-02-16)
This is the initial commercial release. Compared with issue 02(2009-06-30) of V900R008C01, the following information is added:
l
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Compared with issue 02(2009-06-30) of V900R008C01, the following information is modified: Item 16.1 Transmission and Networking on the Abis Interface 4.2 BSC Software Structure Change Description The VLAN technology adopted over the Abis interface in Abis over IP networking mode is described. The compatibility between the Windows Vista operating system and the LMT is described. The description of CS Service Processing Subsystem and PS Service Processing Subsystem are modified. The description of the BSC CS Signal Flow is modified when Abis over HDLC/IP+A over TDM,Abis over TDM+A over IP and Abis over HDLC/IP+A over IP. BTS Loading Management is changed. The description of the hybrid networking of Abis over TDM and Abis over HDLC is added. The description of the VLAN technology adopted over the A interface in A over IP networking mode is added. The description of guest, a new internal user, is added in the authority management section. The description of new log types is added in the log management section.
8.2 Logical Structure of the BSC Service Processing Subsystem 15.1 BSC CS Signal Flow
14.2.7 BTS Loading Management 15.3.1 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface
16.2 Transmission and Networking on the A Interface 14.2.1 BSC Security Management
1-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
In the GSM/GPRS network, the BSC is located between the BTS and the MSC or between the BTS and the PCU. The BSC performs the following functions: radio resource management, BTS management, power control, and handover control.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
2-1
BSC BTS
MSC/VLR
ISDN/PSTN...
SGSN
BTS: base transceiver station BSC: base station controller AUC: authentication center ISDN: integrated services digital network HLR: home location register PSTN: public switched telephone network
PCU: packet control unit SGSN: serving GPRS support node MSC: mobile service switching center VLR: visitor location register
NOTE
As shown in Figure 2-1, the PCU is fully controlled by the BSC. In this case, the BSC is directly connected to the SGSN.
2-2
NE BSC PCU
Description of Functions The BSC performs the following functions: radio resource management, connection management, and BTS management. The PCU performs the following functions: packet radio resource management, packet call control, transmission of data packet on the Pb and Gb interfaces. The SGSN performs the following functions: data packet transmission, network congestion detection, network status detection, and network management. The MSC performs the following functions: call control, route selection, radio resource allocation, mobility management, location registration, handover control, bill statistics and collection, and service coordination between the mobile switching network and the PSTN. The VLR stores the temporary information about the MSs. The AUC stores the information about the private keys of MSs, and authenticates the validity of the MSs. The HLR is a database used for managing MSs. It stores the following information: MS subscription information, location of each MS, MSISDN, and IMSI.
SGSN
MSC
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
2-3
3
Radio Resource Management
The BSC mainly performs the following functions: radio resource management, connection management, and BTS management.
Radio resource management (RRM) is the procedure through which a stable connection is established between the MS and the MSC for a call. This procedure is also used to release the radio resources when a call is disconnected. RRM involves the following aspects: paging, assignment, initial access and immediate assignment, authentication and encryption, system information transmission, handover, radio channel management, power control, circuit management, TRX management, media access control, and radio link control.
Connection Management
The purpose of connection management is to provide service control and management. Connection management involves the following aspects: call management, short message management, voice coding/decoding and rate matching, and packet data forwarding and processing.
BTS Management
BTS management involves the following aspects: BTS software downloading, BTS data configuration, BTS status management, and BTS alarm query.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
3-1
4
About This Chapter
This describes the physical, logical, and software structures of the BSC. 4.1 BSC Physical Structure This describes the physical structure of the BSC, including the cabinet, cables, LMT computers, and alarm box. 4.2 BSC Software Structure The software of the BSC has a distributed architecture. It is classified into the host software, OMU software, and LMT software. 4.3 BSC Logical Structure Logically, the BSC system consists of the time division multiplexing (TDM) switching subsystem, Gigabit Ethernet (GE) switching subsystem, service processing subsystem, service control subsystem, interface processing subsystem, clock subsystem, power subsystem, and environment monitoring subsystem.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
4-1
Alarm box
Ethernet cable
LMT
LMT
Table 4-1 lists the components of the BSC. Table 4-1 Components of the BSC Component GBCR Description The GBCR provides switching and processes services for the BSC. One GBCR is configured in a BSC. The GBSR processes various services for the BSC. The number of GBSRs to be configured depends on the traffic volume. Zero to three GBSRs can be configured. Refer to... GBCR (Configuration Type A) and GBCR (Configuration Type B) GBSR Cabinet
GBSR
Ethernet cable
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
4-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Description BSC cables are classified into the Ethernet cable, optical cable, and trunk cable. The number of BSC cables to be configured depends on actual requirements. The LMT is a computer that is installed with the LMT software package and is connected to the OM network of the NEs. It is mandatory for the BSC. The alarm box can generate audible and visual alarms. It is optional for the BSC.
BSC LMT
LMT-Related Definitions
Alarm box
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
4-3
Table 4-2 describes the components in the BSC cabinet. Table 4-2 Components in the BSC Cabinet BSC Subrack GMPS Description The GMPS is configured in the GBCR. Each BSC must be configured with one GMPS. Refer to... Configuration of the GMPS (Configuration Type A) and Configuration of the GMPS (Configuration Type B)
4-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Description The GEPS is configured in the GBCR or GBSR. The BSC can be configured with zero to three GEPSs. The GTCS is configured in the GBCR or GBSR. The BSC can be configured with zero to four GTCSs. Each cabinet must be configured with one power distribution box.
GTCS
BSC Common Power Distribution Box BSC High-Power Distribution Box KVM LAN Switch GBAM
A set of the KVM, GBAM, and LAN switch is referred to as the GSM Integrated Management System (GIMS). The GIMS is configured in subrack 0 of the GBCR. If the BSC adopts Configuration Type A, the GIMS is mandatory. Otherwise, the GIMS is not required.
l l l
Host Software
The host software runs on various service boards. It consists of the operating system, middleware, and application software. Figure 4-3 shows the structure of the host software. Figure 4-3 Structure of the host software
Application software Middleware Operating system
Operating system The operating system adopted in the BSC is VxWorks, which is an embedded real-time operating system.
Middleware
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4-5
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Realtime Architecture (DOPRA) and Platform of Advanced Radio Controller (PARC) middleware ensure that the upper-level application software is independent of the lower-level operating system. The middleware enables software functions to be transplanted between different platforms.
l
Application software Different boards are configured with different types of application software. The application software is classified into radio resource processing software, resource control plane processing software, BTS management software, and configuration management and maintenance software.
OMU Software
The operation maintenance unit (OMU) software runs on the GBAM server or on the GOMU to perform the operation and maintenance of the BSC. Figure 4-4 shows the structure of the OMU software. Figure 4-4 Structure of the OMU software
OMU software
Middleware
Operating system
Operating system The OMU software runs on the Linux operating system. Middleware The DOPRA middleware ensures that the upper-level application software is independent of the lower-level operating system. Thus, the middleware enables software functions to be transplanted between different platforms.
Application software The application software performs the functions of different logical entities in the GBAM/ GOMU.
LMT Software
The LMT software, which consists of the operating system and application software, runs on the LMT computer. Figure 4-5 shows the structure of the LMT software. Figure 4-5 Structure of LMT software
Application software Operating system
4-6
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Operating system The LMT runs on the Windows 2000 Professional,Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista Professional operating system.
Application software The application software provides access to the operation and maintenance of the BSC. The software package consists of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, BSC6000 Online Help, LMT Service Manager, Local Maintenance Terminal, Performance Browser tool, and Convert Management System.
NOTE
The BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal provides a graphic user interface (GUI) for performing operation and maintenance. The Local Maintenance Terminal is also called the MML client, which provides MML commands for the users. Both of them support the maintenance and data configuration of the BSC and the BTSs connected to the BSC.
GE switching subsystem
Power subsystem
GBAM/GOMU
LMT/M2000
The interface processing subsystem of the BSC provides the Pb or Gb interface, depending on the types of PCU.
l
When the built-in PCU is used, the interface processing subsystem provides the Gb interface to enable the communication between the BSC and the SGSN.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 4-7
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
When the external PCU is used, the interface processing subsystem provides the Pb interface to enable the communication between the BSC and the PCU.
The interface processing subsystem of the BSC cannot provide the Gb interface and Pb interface simultaneously. The interface processing subsystem supports different transmission modes over the A interface:
l
When the IP transmission is used, the A interface enables the communication between the BSC and the MGW. When the TDM transmission is used, the A interface enables the communication between the BSC and the MSC/MGW.
The interface processing subsystem of the BSC does not support the two transmission modes simultaneously.
4-8
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5
About This Chapter
The GBAM and GOMU are the operation and maintenance entities of the BSC. There are two types of BSC hardware configuration: configuration type A and configuration type B. In configuration type A, the BSC is configured with the GBAM. In configuration type B, the BSC is configured with the GOMU. One BSC can use only one configuration type. 5.1 BSC Hardware Configuration This describes three types of BSC subracks, two installation modes of the GTCS, three combination modes of BSC subracks, two types of PCU, and two types of hardware configuration. 5.2 BSC Hardware Configuration Type A The BSC hardware configuration type A refers to the BSC configured with the GBAM, which enables the communication between the BSC and the LMT. The number of BSC cabinets and BSC subracks varies with the capacity requirements for the BSC. 5.3 BSC Hardware Configuration Type B In BSC hardware configuration type B, the BSC is configured with the GOMU, which enables the communication between the BSC and the LMT. The number of BSC cabinets and BSC subracks varies with the capacity requirements for the BSC.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-1
BSC Subrack
The BSC subracks can be classified into the following types:
l l l
Generally, both the GMPS and GEPS are referred to as the BM subrack, and the GTCS is referred to as the TC subrack. Both the BM subracks and the TC subracks have two interconnection modes.
l
Inter-Subrack TDM Interconnections The inter-subrack TDM interconnections between one BM subrack and another BM subrack and between one TC subrack and another TC subrack are established through the inter-GTNU cables. 6.1 Physical Structure of the BSC TDM Switching Subsystem
Inter-Subrack GE Interconnections The GSCUs in the BM subracks or in the TC subracks are connected in star topology through crossover cable or unshielded straight-through cable. The subrack located in the center of the star topology is referred to as the main subrack, and the subracks connected to the main subrack are referred to as extension subracks. For the inter-subrack GE interconnection of BM subracks, the GMPS must be the main subrack, and the GEPS must be the extension subrack. For the inter-subrack GE interconnection of TC subracks, any TC subrack can be the main subrack, and the other TC subracks must be extension subracks. 7.1 Physical Structure of the BSC GE Switching Subsystem
Figure 5-1 shows the OM path between the GMPS and the GTCS in the case of the local configuration mode. Figure 5-2 shows the OM path between the GMPS and the GTCS in the case of the remote configuration mode.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-2
Figure 5-1 OM path between the GMPS and the main GTCS (in local GTCS mode)
Main GTCS G E I U T G S C U Extension GTCS G G E S I C U U T
Ater GMPS G E I U T G S C U
GEPS
G S C U
G E I U T
Figure 5-2 OM path between the GMPS and the main GTCS (in remote GTCS mode)
Main GTCS G E I U T G S C U Ater Ater GMPS G G S E C I U U T GEPS G S C U G E I U T Extension GTCS G G E S I C U U T
As shown in Figure 5-1, when OM is performed on the local GTCS, the OM information is carried by the GE link between the GSCU in the GMPS and the GSCU in the main GTCS. The transmission rate is fast. As shown in Figure 5-2, when OM is performed on the remote GTCS, the OM information is carried by the E1/T1 link between the GEIUT/GOIUT in the GMPS and the GEIUT/GOIUT in the main GTCS. The transmission rate is slow. The application scenarios of the local GTCS and remote GTCS are as follows: If the distance between the GSCU in the GMPS and the GSCU in the main GTCS exceeds the maximum length of a crossover cable or a unshielded straight-through cable, the remote GTCS should be configured. Otherwise, the local GTCS should be configured. The maximum length of the cables delivered on site is 10 m.
BM/TC separated In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the BSC consists of the GMPS/GEPS and GTCS. The GTCS can be configured on the BSC side or on the MSC side. Characteristics: In this configuration mode, the GTCS can be configured flexibly. The GTCS can be configured in an independent GBSR on the MSC side, thus saving the transmission resources between the BSC and the MSC. The GTCS can be configured on the BSC side and share a cabinet with other subracks.
BM/TC combined In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the TC function is performed by the GMPS or GEPS. When the TC is configured in the GMPS, the subrack is still referred to as the GMPS. When the TC is configured in the GEPS, the subrack is still referred to as the GEPS. In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the TC function is performed by the GDPUX. Characteristics: Compared with the BM/TC separated configuration mode, the BSC in BM/ TC combined configuration mode has a high density of integration. In addition, when the capacity is the same, the BSC in BM/TC combined configuration mode has fewer cabinets and subracks.
A over IP In A over IP configuration mode, the BSC consists of the GMPS/GEPS and is not configured with the GTCS. In this case, layer 3 of the A interface protocol stack uses IP, and the TC function is performed by the MGW. Thus, the GTCS is not required. Characteristics: In A over IP configuration mode, the BSC has few cabinets and subracks. In this case, the BSC must be connected to the Huawei MGW.
Types of PCU
The BSC supports two types of PCU: built-in PCU and external PCU.
l
The external PCU is an independent network element that provides PS service processing functions. It communicates with the BSC over the Pb interface, and communicates with the SGSN over the Gb interface. Characteristics: The external PCU requires a large floor area and is difficult for installation and maintenance.
The built-in PCU is the GDPUP, which provides PS service processing functions. The GDPUP is configured in the GMPS/GEPS. Application scenario: Compared with the external PCU, the built-in PCU is a board that can be installed in a BSC subrack. The built-in PCU features small footprint, easy cabling, and convenient installation and maintenance.
The requirements for the configuration of the PCU vary with the transmission modes over the Abis interface.
l
When the HDLC protocol is used for layer 2 or the IP protocol is used for layer 3 of the protocol stack on the Abis interface, the BSC must use the built-in PCU. If TDM transmission is used over the Abis interface, the BSC can use either the built-in PCU or the external PCU.
The GBAM is independent from the BSC components. It is connected to the GSCU in the GMPS through the FE/GE port. If the GBAM is used, it is configured in subrack 0 of the GBCR. Characteristics: The GBAM occupies the space of one subrack in the GBCR. In addition, the cable connections for the GBAM are complex.
The GOMU is a type of board in the BSC. One GOMU occupies two slots. The GOMU should be installed in slots 00 to 03 or slots 20 to 23 or slots 24 to 27 in the GMPS. Characteristics: Compared with the GBAM, the GOMU requires a small installation space. In addition, the GOMU features simple cable connection and easy installation and maintenance.
The BSC hardware configuration is classified into configuration type A and configuration type B based on the server used.
l l
In configuration type A, the BSC is configured with the GBAM. In configuration type B, the BSC is configured with the GOMU. Compared with configuration type A, the BSC in configuration type B can save a subrack. In addition, the cable connection is simple and the installation and maintenance is easy.
Minimum Configuration
In the minimum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS, one GTCS, and one GIMS. In this case, the BSC supports 512 TRXs. The number of cabinets to be configured varies with the location of the GTCS.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5-5
When the GTCS is configured on the BSC side, a minimum of one cabinet must be configured, as shown in Figure 5-3. When the GTCS is configured on the MSC side, a minimum of two cabinets must be configured, as shown in Figure 5-4.
Figure 5-3 BSC minimum configuration (GTCS configured on the BSC side)
GTCS
GMPS
GIMS
GBCR
Figure 5-4 BSC minimum configuration (GTCS configured on the MSC side)
GMPS
GIMS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
Maximum Configuration
The maximum configuration of the BSC is achieved through capacity expansion from its minimum configuration. The BSC in the maximum configuration supports 2,048 TRXs. In maximum configuration, the number of cabinets to be configured varies with the transmission modes used on the A interface.
5-6
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
When E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS, three GEPSs, four GTCSs, and one GIMS in maximum configuration. The number of cabinets to be configured varies, depending on the location of the GTCS.
l
When the GTCS is configured on the BSC side, a maximum of three cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-5. When the GTCS is configured on the MSC side, a maximum four cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-6.
Figure 5-5 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the BSC side)
GEPS
GTCS
GTCS
GMPS
GEPS
GTCS
GIMS
GEPS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
Figure 5-6 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the MSC side)
GEPS
GTCS
GMPS
GEPS
GTCS
GIMS
GEPS
GTCS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
GBSR
When STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS, two GEPSs, two GTCSs, and one GIMS in maximum configuration.
l
When the GTCS is configured on the BSC side, a maximum of two cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-7.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 5-7
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
When the GTCS is configured on the MSC side, a maximum of three cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-8.
Figure 5-7 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the BSC side)
GEPS
GTCS
GMPS
GTCS
GIMS
GEPS
GBCR
GBSR
Figure 5-8 BSC maximum configuration (GTCS configured on the MSC side)
GEPS
GMPS
GEPS
GTCS
GIMS
GEPS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
Recommended Configuration
Table 5-1 lists the recommended configuration of the BSC. You can choose the appropriate configuration based on the actual requirements.
5-8
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Table 5-1 Recommended configuration of the BSC Configurat ion Number of Cabinets GTCS Configured on the BSC Side 1 GTCS Configured on the MSC Side 2 Number of TRXs Remarks
512
The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface.
512
1 280
1 280
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-9
Configurat ion
Number of Cabinets GTCS Configured on the BSC Side 3 GTCS Configured on the MSC Side 4
Number of TRXs
Remarks
2 048
The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface.
2 048
Minimum Configuration
In minimum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS and one GIMS, as shown in Figure 5-9.
5-10
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
GMPS
GIMS
GBCR
In minimum configuration, the number of TRXs that can be configured varies with the transmission modes used on the A interface.
l
If the E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC in the minimum configuration supports 256 TRXs. If the STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC in the minimum configuration supports 384 TRXs.
Maximum Configuration
The maximum configuration of the BSC is achieved through capacity expansion from its minimum configuration. One BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs and 15,360 speech channels. In the maximum configuration, the number of subracks to be configured varies with the transmission modes used on the A interface.
l
When E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS, three GEPSs, and one GIMS in maximum configuration. In this case, the BSC supports up to 1,792 TRXs. See Figure 5-10. When STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS, two GEPSs, and one GIMS in maximum configuration. In this case, the BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs. See Figure 5-11.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-11
Figure 5-10 BSC maximum configuration (E1/T1 transmission used on the A interface)
GEPS
GMPS
GEPS
GIMS
GEPS
GBCR
GBSR
Figure 5-11 BSC maximum configuration (STM-1 transmission used on the A interface)
GEPS
GMPS
GIMS
GEPS
GBCR
GBSR
Recommended Configuration
Table 5-2 lists the recommended configuration of the BSC. You can choose the appropriate configuration based on the actual requirements.
5-12
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Table 5-2 Recommended configuration of the BSC Configuration 1xGMPS+1xGIMS Number of Cabinets 1 Number of TRXs 256 Remarks The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/ T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/ T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/ T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/ GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/ T1 transmission is used on the A interface.
1xGMPS+1xGIMS
384
1GMPS+1GEPS +1GIMS
768
1GMPS+1GEPS +1GIMS
1,280
1GMPS+2GEPS +1GIMS
1,280
1GMPS+2GEPS +1GIMS
2,048
1GMPS+3GEPS +1GIMS
1,792
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-13
Minimum Configuration
In the minimum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS. In this case, the BSC supports 512 TRXs and 3,840 speech channels. See Figure 5-12. Figure 5-12 BSC minimum configuration
GMPS
GIMS
GBCR
Maximum Configuration
The maximum configuration of the BSC is achieved through capacity expansion from its minimum configuration. In the maximum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS and two GEPSs, as shown in Figure 5-13. In this case, the BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs and 15,360 speech channels. Figure 5-13 BSC maximum configuration
GEPS
GMPS
GIMS
GEPS
GBCR
GBSR
5-14
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Recommended Configuration
Table 5-3 lists the recommended configuration of the BSC. You can choose the appropriate configuration based on the actual requirements. Table 5-3 Recommended configuration of the BSC Configuration 1xGMPS+1xGIMS Number of Cabinets 1 Number of TRXs 512 Remarks The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The FE/GE transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The FE/GE transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The FE/GE transmission is used on the A interface.
1GMPS+1GEPS +1GIMS
1 280
1GMPS+2GEPS +1GIMS
2 048
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-15
Minimum Configuration
In the minimum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS and one GTCS. In this case, the BSC supports 512 TRXs and 3,840 speech channels. The number of cabinets to be configured for a BSC varies with the location of the GTCS.
l
When the GTCS is configured locally, a minimum of one cabinet must be configured, as shown in Figure 5-14. When the GTCS is configured remotely, a minimum of two cabinets must be configured, as shown in Figure 5-15.
GTCS
GMPS
GBCR
GMPS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
5-16
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Maximum Configuration
The maximum configuration of the BSC is achieved through capacity expansion from its minimum configuration. One BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs and 15,360 speech channels. In maximum configuration, the number of cabinets to be configured varies with the transmission modes used on the A interface. When E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS, three GEPSs, and four GTCSs in maximum configuration. The number of cabinets to be configured varies, depending on the location of the GTCS.
l l
When the GTCS is configured locally, a maximum of three cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-16. When the GTCS is configured remotely, a maximum four cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-17.
GEPS
GTCS
GEPS
GTCS
GTCS
GMPS
GEPS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
GEPS
GTCS
GEPS
GTCS
GMPS
GEPS
GTCS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
GBSR
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-17
If STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS, two GEPSs, and two GTCSs in the maximum configuration.
l
When the GTCS is configured locally, a maximum of two cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-18. When the GTCS is configured remotely, a maximum of two cabinets can be configured, as shown in Figure 5-19.
GEPS
GTCS
GEPS
GTCS
GMPS
GEPS
GBCR
GBSR
GEPS
GEPS
GTCS
GMPS
GEPS
GTCS
GBCR
GBSR
GBSR
Recommended Configuration
Table 5-4 lists the recommended configuration of the BSC. You can choose the appropriate configuration based on the actual requirements.
5-18 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Table 5-4 Recommended configuration of the BSC Configurat ion Number of Cabinets GTCS Configured Locally 1 GTCS Configured Remotely 2 Number of TRXs Remarks
1 x GMPS + 1 x GTCS
512
The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface.
1 x GMPS + 1 x GTCS
512
1,280
1,280
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-19
Configurat ion
Number of TRXs
Remarks
2,048
The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1 or STM-1 transmission is used on the Abis/ Ater interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface.
2,048
Minimum Configuration
In minimum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS, as shown in Figure 5-20. Figure 5-20 BSC minimum configuration
GMPS
GBCR
5-20
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
In minimum configuration, the number of TRXs that can be configured varies with the transmission modes used on the A interface.
l
If the E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC minimum configuration supports 256 TRXs. If the STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC minimum configuration supports 384 TRXs.
Maximum Configuration
The maximum configuration of the BSC is achieved through capacity expansion from its minimum configuration. One BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs and 15,360 speech channels. In the maximum configuration, the number of cabinets and subracks to be configured varies with the transmission modes used on the A interface.
l
If E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS and three GEPSs in maximum configuration. In this case, the BSC supports up to 1,792 TRXs. See Figure 5-21. If STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface, the BSC can be configured with one GMPS and two GEPSs in maximum configuration. In this case, the BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs. See Figure 5-22.
Figure 5-21 BSC maximum configuration (E1/T1 transmission used on the A interface)
GEPS
GEPS
GMPS
GEPS
GBCR
GBSR
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-21
Figure 5-22 BSC maximum configuration (STM-1 transmission used on the A interface)
GEPS
GEPS
GMPS
GBCR
Recommended Configuration
Table 5-5 lists the recommended configuration of the BSC. You can choose the appropriate configuration based on the actual requirements. Table 5-5 Recommended configuration of the BSC Configuration Number of Cabinets 1 Number of TRXs 256 Remarks
1GMPS
The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface.
1GMPS
384
1GMPS +1GEPS
768
1GMPS +1GEPS
1,280
5-22
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Configuration
Number of Cabinets 1
Remarks
1GMPS +2GEPS
The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The STM-1 transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The E1/T1 transmission is used on the A interface.
1GMPS +2GEPS
2,048
1GMPS +3GEPS
1,792
Minimum Configuration
In the minimum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS. In this case, the BSC supports 512 TRXs and 3,840 speech channels. See Figure 5-23. Figure 5-23 BSC minimum configuration
GMPS
GBCR
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-23
Maximum Configuration
The maximum configuration of the BSC is achieved through capacity expansion from its minimum configuration. In the maximum configuration, the BSC is configured with one GMPS and two GEPSs, as shown in Figure 5-24. In this case, the BSC supports up to 2,048 TRXs and 15,360 speech channels. Figure 5-24 BSC maximum configuration
GEPS
GEPS
GMPS
GBCR
Recommended Configuration
Table 5-6 lists the recommended configuration of the BSC. You can choose the appropriate configuration based on the actual requirements. Table 5-6 Recommended configuration of the BSC Configuration 1GMPS Number of Cabinets 1 Number of TRXs 512 Remarks The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The FE/GE transmission is used on the A interface. The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The FE/GE transmission is used on the A interface.
1GMPS +1GEPS
1,280
5-24
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Number of Cabinets 1
Remarks The E1/T1, STM-1, or FE/GE transmission is used on the Abis interface. The FE/GE transmission is used on the A interface.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
5-25
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
6-1
TDM interconnections between the GMPS and the GEPS The TDM interconnections between the GMPS and the GEPS are established through the inter-GTNU cables, as shown in Figure 6-1.
TDM interconnections between the GTCSs In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the TDM interconnections between the GTCSs exist. The TDM interconnections between the GTCSs are also established through interGTNU cables, as shown in Figure 6-2.
GTCS G T N U Active G T N U G D P U C
Standby
6-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GMPS/GEPS communicates with the GTCS over the Ater interface. In this case, there are no inter-subrack TDM interconnections between the GMPS/GEPS and the GTCS. The BSC supports the TDM interconnections of up to four subracks. The combination of the four subracks is as follows:
l l
Service board 1
Service board 2
Service board 24
As shown in Figure 6-3, the GTNU works in active/standby mode. The other boards in the subrack communicate with the active and standby GTNUs through the TDM paths of the backplane.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
6-3
GTCS TDM access unit TDM processing unit TDM switching unit
Inter-GTNU cable
7
About This Chapter
The Gigabit Ethernet (GE) switching subsystem performs the GE switching and packet switching of the signaling and OM information in the BSC. 7.1 Physical Structure of the BSC GE Switching Subsystem The BSC GE switching subsystem consists of the backplane of the subrack, GSCU, and crossover cable or unshielded straight-through cable. 7.2 Logical Structure of the BSC GE Switching Subsystem Logically, the BSC GE switching subsystem consists of the central processing unit, network unit, and interface unit. 7.3 Features of BSC GE Switching This describes the features of the BSC GE switching.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
7-1
Inter-Subrack GE Interconnections
Inter-subrack GE interconnections are classified into two types:
l
GE interconnection between the GMPS and the GEPS The GMPS serves as the main subrack, and a maximum of three GEPSs serve as extension subracks. The GMPS and the GEPSs are connected in the star topology through crossover cable or unshielded straight-through cable between the GSCUs, as shown in Figure 7-1.
GE interconnection between the GTCSs One GTCS works as the main subrack, and a maximum of three GTCSs work as extension subracks. The GTCSs are connected in the star topology through crossover cable or unshielded straight-through cable between the GSCUs, as shown in Figure 7-2.
GMPS
G S C U
G S C U
Active
Standby
Active
Standby
Active
Standby
Main GTCS
Active Standby
Active
Standby
Active Standby
7-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
As shown in Figure 7-1 and Figure 7-2, the active and standby GSCUs in one subrack are connected to the active and standby GSCUs in another subrack through crossover cable or unshielded straight-through cable to achieve GE switching between subracks. The bandwidth of the GE switching between subracks is 4 Gbit/s. When GTCSs are configured on the BSC side, the GSCU in the GMPS communicates with the GSCU in the main GTCS through crossover cable or unshielded straight-through cable. When the GTCS is configured on the MSC side, the GMPS communicates with the main GTCS over the Ater interface. In this case, the GE interconnection between the GMPS and the main GTCS is not established.
Intra-Subrack GE Interconnection
The intra-subrack GE interconnection refers to the GE interconnection between the active and standby GSCUs and the other boards in the same subrack, as shown in Figure 7-3. Figure 7-3 Intra-subrack GE interconnection
GMPS/GEPS/GTCS Active GSCU Standby GSCU
Service board 1
Service board 2
Service board 24
As shown in Figure 7-3, in one subrack, the active and standby GSCUs and the other boards communicate with each other through the GE switching paths on the backplane. The bandwidth of each GE switching path within a subrack is 2 Gbit/s.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
7-3
Interface unit
Interface unit
Interface unit
Network Unit
The functions of the network unit are performed by the GSCU. The network unit performs the Media Access Control (MAC) address self-learning, address entry adding, address entry deleting, GE line rate switching, L2 unicasting and broadcasting, and port trunking.
Interface Unit
The functions of the interface unit are performed by the GSCU. The interface unit receives and transmits Ethernet packets.
The GSCU and other boards are interconnected in the star topology. In other words, the communication of any two boards should pass through the GSCU. The GSCU supports the centralized and non-blocking line-rate Layer 2 (L2) switching. The GSCU provides 60 GE ports, which support 60 Gbit/s line-rate switching. The ports on the GSCU support port trunking.
l l l
7-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
8-1
The GDPUX processes CS services. It is recommended that the GDPUX be configured in slots 08-11 in the GMPS, in slots 00-03, 08-13, and 14-27 in the GEPS, and in slots 00-03 and 08-13 in the GTCS. In different configuration modes of the BSC subracks, the GDPUX performs different functions:
In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GDPUX configured in the GMPS/GEPS performs IP packet-TRAU conversion and forwarding; the GDPUX configured in the GTCS performs voice coding/decoding and rate matching. In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the GDPUX performs voice coding/decoding and rate matching. Meanwhile, if the HDLC transmission or IP transmission is used on the Abis interface, the GDPUX also performs IP packet-TRAU conversion. In A over IP configuration mode, the GDPUX performs IP packet-TRAU conversion and forwarding.
The GDPUP processes PS services. It is recommended that the GDPUP be configured in slots 08-11 in the GMPS and in slots 08-13 in the GEPS.
NOTE
When the HDLC transmission or IP transmission is used on the Abis interface, the external PCU cannot be used. In other words, the BSC must be configured with the GDPUP to process PS services.
Based on the configuration modes of the BSC subracks and different types of PCU, the BSC service processing subsystem comprises different components:
l
When the external PCU is used, the BSC service processing subsystem comprises the GDPUXs in the GTCS, as shown in Figure 8-1. When the built-in PCU is used, the BSC service processing subsystem comprises the GDPUXs and GDPUPs in the GMPS/GEPS, and the GDPUXs in the GTCS, as shown in Figure 8-2.
NOTE
In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GMPS/GEPS is configured with the GDPUX only when the HDLC transmission or IP transmission is used over the Abis interface.
Figure 8-1 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (1)
G D P U X 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 G D P U X 10 G D P U X 11 G D P U X 12 G D P U X 13
GTCS
8-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Figure 8-2 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (2)
G D P U X
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
G D P U X
10
G D P U X
11
G D P U X
12
G D P U X
13
GTCS
G D P U P
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
G D P U P
10
G D P U X
11
G D P U X
12
G D P U X
13
GEPS
G D P U P
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
G D P U X
10
G D P U X
11 12 13
GMPS
When the external PCU is used, the BSC service processing subsystem comprises the GDPUXs, which are configured in the GMPS/GEPS, as shown in Figure 8-3. When the built-in PCU is used, the BSC service processing subsystem comprises the GDPUP and GDPUX in the GMPS/GEPS, as shown in Figure 8-4.
Figure 8-3 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (3)
G D P U X
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
G D P U X
12
G D P U X
13
GEPS
G D P U X
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
G D P U X
12
G D P U X
13
GEPS
G D P U X
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
G D P U X
11 12 13
GMPS
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
8-3
Figure 8-4 Physical structure of the BSC service processing subsystem (4)
G D P U P
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
G D P U P
09
G D P U X
10
G D P U X
11
G D P U X
12
G D P U X
13
GEPS
G D P U P
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
G D P U P
09
G D P U X
10
G D P U X
11
G D P U X
12
G D P U X
13
GEPS
G D P U P
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
G D P U X
09
G D P U X
10
G D P U X
11 12 13
GMPS
NOTE
The GDPUX/GDPUP consists of 22 DSP modules. After being loaded with different software, the GDPUX/ GDPUP performs different functions:
l
Voice coding/decoding and rate matching The voice coding/decoding and rate matching functions are performed by the GDPUX. In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GDPUX is configured in the GTCS. In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the GDPUX is configured in the GMPS/GEPS.
Voice frame format conversion The voice frame format conversion function is performed by the GDPUX configured in the GMPS/ GEPS.
PS service processing The PS service processing function is performed by the GDPUP, which is configured in the GMPS/ GEPS.
At present, all the DSP modules in one GDPUX/GDPUP must be loaded with the same software. Therefore, they perform the same functions.
The following takes the transmission of CS traffic signals from the BSC to the MGW as an example. When IP transmission is used on both the Abis interface and the A interface, the CS DSP module processes traffic signals as follows: 1. 2. 3. The CS DSP module receives a PTRAU frame. The CS DSP module converts the PTRAU frame into the RTP frame. It also adjusts the frame order and eliminates jitter. The RTP frame is switched to the GFGUA by the GSCU, and then is transmitted to the MGW over the A interface.
Covert data format Transmit and receive data FR/IP frame GE switching subsystem
The following takes the transmission of PS signals from the BSC to the SGSN as an example. When IP transmission is used on the Abis interface and on the Gb interface, the service processing procedure of the PS DSP module is as follows:
Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 8-5
1. 2. 3.
The PS DSP module of the GDPUP receives a PTRAU frame. The PS DSP module adjusts the frame order and eliminates jitter. It then extracts the RLC/ MAC data blocks and encapsulates the data blocks into LLC PDUs. The LLC PDUs are encapsulated by the PS DSP module at the BSSGP/NS layer and then switched to the GFGUG by the GSCU. Then, the LLC PDUs are transmitted to the SGSN over the Gb interface in the form of IP frames.
8-6
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
9-1
GXPUM and GXPUT configured in the GMPS/GEPS GBAM/GOMU GSCU configured in the GTCS
Paging Control
The GXPUM/GXPUT performs the following paging control functions:
l l
Sends paging messages from the A and Pb/Gb interfaces to the BSC Sends the paging messages to the specified cells
Constructs various system information according to the GSM protocols and sends it to cells Initiates a procedure for sending CS or PS system information in the following situations: configuration of BSC data in online mode, change in the BTS management state, initiation of requests from the BTS, initiation of requests from the PCU, or restoration of the RSL
Channel Assignment
The GXPUM performs the following channel assignment functions:
l l
Assigns radio channels for CS services and PS services Performs dynamic conversion between CS channels and PS channels
The BTS configuration management is responsible for the configuration and query of the BTS data. It performs the following functions: initial configuration, dynamic configuration, dynamic adjustment of channel types, and BTS initialization management. It also performs resetting, blocking, and unblocking of logical objects of a BTS.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
9-2
The BTS state management is responsible for channel state synchronization, OML transmission state synchronization, TRX mutual aid, and BTS resource check.
Call Control
The GXPUM/GXPUT performs the following CS call control functions: call establishment, call release, and call handover.
PS Service Control
The GXPUM/GXPUT performs the following PS service control functions:
l
Requests and releases a PDCH, checks PS service resources, controls and broadcasts PS system information Establishes PS transmission paths between the PCU and the BTS, and performs dynamic conversion between PDCHs and TCHs
Initial processing of measurement reports It includes the functions of interpolation, filtering, and prediction. Cell sorting and handover decision The cell sorting is classified into basic cell sorting and adjustment based on network characteristics. The handover decision is classified into forced handover decision, directed retry decision, handover candidates query decision, emergency handover decision, common handover decision, and performance handover decision.
Power Control Power control functions are implemented through the signal level dual-threshold power control algorithm, signal quality dual-threshold power control algorithm, power control compensation algorithm, and power control comprehensive decision algorithm.
The GXPUM obtains cell information and sends it to the CBC. Upon reception of the broadcast request message from the CBC, the GXPUM saves and schedules the message, and then sends it to the BTS.
calls, and Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) calls. The TC resources used for the same type of service, however, are located in one resource pool. In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the TC resource management is performed by the GSCU in the GTCS. In BM/TC combined or A over IP configuration mode, the TC resource management is performed by the GXPUM in the GMPS/GEPS. The TC resource management involves the following aspects:
l
Automatically detects faulty TC resources and allocates available TC resources for new calls, thus improving system reliability. Allocates TC resources based on the CPU usage of DSP units so that the call congestion rate caused by faulty TC resources is reduced
9-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
10
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
10-1
To BTS
G E H U B
G O G U B
G F G U B
G O I U B
G E I U B
G O I U P
G E I U P
G O I U T
G E I U T G O G U A
G F G U A
G O I U A
G E I U A
To MSC/MGW
G X P U M
G F G U G
G E P U G
Table 10-1 shows the physical entities of the BSC interface processing subsystem. Table 10-1 Physical entities of the BSC interface processing subsystem Board Type Abis interface boards Board Name
l l l l l
GEIUB: provides E1/T1 electrical ports GOIUB: provides the STM-1 optical port GFGUB: provides FE/GE electrical ports GOGUB: provides the GE optical ports GEHUB: provides E1/T1 electrical ports GEIUA: provides E1/T1 electrical ports GOIUA: provides STM-1 optical port GFGUA: provides FE/GE electrical ports GOGUA: provides GE optical ports GEIUT: provides E1/T1 electrical ports GOIUT: provides STM-1 optical port
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
A interface boards
l l l l
l l
10-2
Board Name
l l
GFGUG: provides FE/GE electrical ports GEPUG: provides E1/T1 electrical ports GEIUP: provides E1/T1 electrical ports GOIUP: provides STM-1 optical port
Pb interface boards
l l
Cb interface board
As shown in Figure 10-2, the BSC is connected to the MSC/MGW over the A interface, to the BTS over the Abis interface, to the PCU over the Pb interface, to the SGSN over the Gb interface, and to the CBC over the Cb interface. The GMPS/GEPS is connected to the GTCS over the Ater interface.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
10-3
Based on the types of the PCU and the configuration modes of the BSC subracks, the BSC provides the following interfaces:
l l l
When the built-in PCU is used, the BSC provides the Gb interface. When the external PCU is used, the BSC provides the Pb interface. In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the BM and the TC communicate with each other over the Ater interface.
Provides E1/T1 electrical ports, STM-1 optical ports, FE/GE electrical ports, and GE optical ports. Receives and transmits the signaling and traffic signals between the BSC and the BTS Converts internal protocols Processes HDLC and IP protocols Forwards signaling to the service control subsystem Forwards traffic signals to the service processing subsystem
l l l l l
Provides E1/T1 electrical ports, STM-1 optical ports, FE/GE electrical ports, and GE optical ports. Receives and transmits signaling and traffic signals between the BSC and the MSC/MGW Converts internal protocols Performs the IP protocol processing if IP transmission is used over the A interface, and performs the MTP2 protocol processing if the BM and the TC are configured in the same subrack. Forwards the signaling from the core network to the GE switching subsystem Forwards the traffic signals from the core network to the GE switching subsystem or to the TDM switching subsystem
l l l
l l
Provides E1/T1 electrical ports and STM-1 optical ports Receives and transmits signaling and traffic signals between the BM subrack and the TC subrack Processes HDLC and PPP protocols
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
10-4
Processes the MTP2 protocol Forwards signaling to the GE switching subsystem Forwards traffic signals to the TDM switching subsystem
Provides E1/T1 electrical ports and STM-1 optical ports Receives and transmits signaling and traffic signals between the BSC and the PCU Forwards signaling to the GE switching subsystem Forwards traffic signals to the TDM switching subsystem
Provides E1/T1 electrical ports, FE/GE electrical ports, and GE optical ports. Receives and transmits signaling and traffic signals between the BSC and the SGSN Processes the signaling according to the FR/IP protocol Forwards signaling and traffic signals to the GE switching subsystem
Provides FE/GE electrical ports Receives and transmits the signaling between the BSC and the CBC Forwards signaling to the GE switching subsystem
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
10-5
11
About This Chapter
The BSC clock subsystem consists of the GGCU and the clock processing unit in each subrack. The clock subsystem provides the working clock for the BSC and provides the reference clock for the BTS. 11.1 BSC Clock Sources The BSC can use two clock sources: Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) clock and line clock. Each clock source supports 1+1 backup. 11.2 BSC Clock Synchronization This describes the clock synchronization of the BSC subracks in different combination modes.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
11-1
BITS Clock
The BSC extracts the BITS clock signals from a BITS device. There are two types of BITS clock signals: 2 MHz and 2 Mbit/s clock signals. BITS clock signals have two inputs: BITS0 and BITS1. The BSC extracts the BITS clock signals from the clock input ports on the GGCU panel. The clock signals serve as the reference clock for the GMPS/GEPS.
NOTE
l l l
BITS0 and BITS1 correspond to the CLKIN0 and CLKIN1 ports on the GGCU panel respectively. The 2 Mbit/s clock source has a higher anti-interference capability than the 2 MHz clock source. When IP transmission is used over the A interface, the BSC can use only the BITS clock.
Line Clock
Line clock is the 8 kHz clock extracted over the A interface by the GTCS. The line clock has two inputs: LINE0 and LINE1. Based on the configuration modes of the BSC subracks, the BSC uses different methods to obtain the line clock, which are described as follows:
l
In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GTCS extracts the line clock signals from the A interface. The GGCU extracts the line clock signals from the Ater interface, and then provides reference clock for the GMPS/GEPS. In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the GMPS extracts the line clock signals from the A interface. Then, the clock signals are transmitted to the GGCU through the backplane. In A over IP configuration mode, the BSC cannot use the line clock.
11-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
If the built-in PCU is used and the Gb interface board is the GEPUG, the GEPUG traces the clock signals in the SGSN and takes it as the reference clock. Thus, the GEPUG achieves synchronization with the SGSN. If the GEPUG uses the clock signals from the SGSN, ensure the following configurations:
l l l
Each GEPUG must be configured with the SGSN clock. Each GEPUG should extract the clock signals from the SGSN that is connected to the GEPUG. The clock signal of one GEPUG is independent from that of another GEPUG. If one GEPUG is connected to multiple SGSNs, the GEPUG can trace only one of the SGSN clocks. In addition, these SGSN must use the same clock source.
If the IP transmission is used on the Abis interface, the BSC cannot provide reference clock for the BTS. In this case, the BTS obtains the reference clock through one of the following ways:
l l
The BTS traces the clock of the transport network through an E1/T1 cable. The BTS traces the clock of the IP clock server through an Ethernet cable.
11.2.1 BSC Clock Synchronization (BM/TC Separated) This describes the clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS and GTCS in BM/TC separated configuration mode. 11.2.2 BSC Clock Synchronization (BM/TC Combined) This describes the clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS in BM/TC combined configuration mode. 11.2.3 BSC Clock Synchronization (A over IP) This describes the clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS in A over IP configuration mode.
Figure 11-1 shows the clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS when the GGCU extracts BITS clock signals from the BITS clock equipment. Figure 11-2 shows the clock synchronization in the GMPS/GEPS when the GGCU extracts line clock signals from the Ater interface.
BITS clock
G G C U
G S C U
Service board
G S C U
Service board
GEPS
Clock signal
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
11-3
Line clock
G E I U T
G G C U
G S C U
Service board
G S C U
Service board
GEPS
Clock signal
As shown in Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2, the procedure for synchronizing clock signals in the GMPS/GEPS is as follows: 1. If the clock source is the BITS clock, the BITS clock signals are transmitted to the GGCU through the GGCU panel. If the clock source is the line clock, the line clock signals are transmitted to the GEIUT/GOIUT in the GMPS over the Ater interface, and then transmitted to the GGCU through the backplane. After a phase lock in the GGCU, the line clock signals change into 8 kHz clock signals.
l
2.
In the GMPS, the 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU to the GSCU through the backplane. The 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU panel in the GMPS to the GSCU in the GEPS through a Y-shaped clock cable.
3.
The GSCU in the GMPS/GEPS transmits the 8 kHz clock signals to the other boards in the GMPS/GEPS through the backplane.
11-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The clock signals in the GTCS are processed in the following manner: 1. 2. 3. The GTCS extracts line clock signals from the A interface. The line clock signals are processed by the GEIUA/GOIUA. Then, 8 kHz clock signals are generated. The backplane in the GTCS transmits the 8 kHz clock signals to the GSCU in the GTCS. Then, the GSCU transmits the 8 kHz clock signals to the other boards in the GTCS. The GEIUT/GOIUT in the main GTCS extracts the 8 kHz clock signals from the backplane, and then transmits the clock signals to the GMPS over the Ater interface.
BITS clock
G G C U
G S C U
Service board
G S C U
Service board
GEPS
Clock signal
The clock signals in the GMPS/GEPS are processed in the following manner: 1. 2. The BITS clock signals are transmitted to the GGCU through the GGCU panel. After a phase lock in the GGCU, the BITS clock signals change into 8 kHz clock signals.
l
In the GMPS, the 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU to the GSCU through the backplane. The 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU panel in the GMPS to the GSCU in the GEPS through a Y-shaped clock cable.
3.
The GSCU in the GMPS/GEPS transmits the 8 kHz clock signals to the other boards in the GMPS/GEPS through the backplane.
Service board
G S C U
Service board
G S C U
G G C U
G E I U A
Line clock
M S C
GMPS
E1/T1 cable
Clock signal
The clock signals in the GMPS/GEPS are processed in the following manner: 1. 2. The GMPS extracts line clock signals over the A interface. The line clock signals are processed by the GEIUA/GOIUA and then are converted into 8 kHz clock signals. In the GMPS, the 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted to the GGCU through the backplane. After a phase lock in the GGCU, the 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted to the other boards in the GMPS through the GSCU. The 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU in the GMPS to the GSCU in each GEPS. Then, the GSCU in each GEPS forwards the clock signals to the other boards in the GEPS.
3.
BITS clock
G G C U
G S C U
Service board
G S C U
Service board
GEPS
Clock signal
The clock signals in the GMPS/GEPS are processed in the following manner: 1. 2.
11-6
The BITS clock signals are transmitted to the GGCU through the GGCU panel. After a phase lock in the GGCU, the BITS clock signals change into the 8 kHz clock signals.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
In the GMPS, the 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU to the GSCU through the backplane. The 8 kHz clock signals are transmitted from the GGCU panel in the GMPS to the GSCU in the GEPS through a Y-shaped clock cable.
3.
The GSCU in the GMPS/GEPS transmits the 8 kHz clock signals to the other boards in the GMPS/GEPS through the backplane.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
11-7
12
Power Lead-In Part
The BSC power subsystem adopts dual-circuit redundancy and point-by-point monitoring solution, which is highly reliable. The BSC power subsystem comprises the power lead-in part and the power distribution part.
The power lead-in part leads the power from the DC power distribution cabinet to the power distribution boxes of the BSC cabinet. The power lead-in part consists of the DC power distribution cabinet, power distribution box, and cables between them. At present, the BSC supports two types of power distribution box: common power distribution box and high-power distribution box. Figure 12-1 and Figure 12-2 show the power lead-in parts of the two types of power distribution box. Figure 12-1 Power lead-in part (common power distribution box)
NOTE
The DC power distribution cabinet and the upstream DC power distribution panel are not regarded as the BSC equipment.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
12-1
The DC power distribution cabinet provides each BSC cabinet with two separate -48 V inputs, one route for RTN connection, and one route for PGND connection. Typically, the two routes of power inputs work concurrently. If one route fails, the other route supplies power alone to ensure the stable running of the system. You can repair one faulty route of the two routes when the power is normally supplied, keeping the reliability and availability of the power subsystem at an optimum level.
The power distribution box provides lightning protection and overcurrent protection for the 48 V inputs. It then supplies two groups of power to the parts in the BSC. The cabinet operates in the power range -40 V to -57 V. The power distribution box monitors each route of power in real time. Upon detection of abnormal power supply, the power distribution box reports relevant alarms to the LMT. The power distribution differs within different types of cabinets.
For details on the power distribution in the GBCR, refer to Connections of Power Cables and PGND Cables in the GBCR (Configuration Type A) and Connections of Power Cables and PGND Cables in the GBCR (Configuration Type B). For details on the power distribution in the GBSR, refer to Connections of Power Cables and PGND Cables in the GBSR.
12-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
13
About This Chapter
The BSC environment monitoring subsystem comprises the power distribution box and the environment monitoring parts in each subrack. The environment monitoring subsystem monitors and adjusts the power supply, the speed of the fans, and the working environment. 13.1 BSC Power Monitoring The BSC power monitoring involves monitoring the power supply of each BSC subrack in real time, reporting the operating status of the power supply, and generating alarms in the case of exceptions. 13.2 BSC Fan Monitoring The BSC fan monitoring involves monitoring the operating status of the fans in real time and adjusting the speed of the fans based on the temperature in the subrack. 13.3 BSC Environment Monitoring The BSC environment monitoring involves monitoring the temperature, humidity, and operating voltage of the BSC that is configured with the EMU. When exceptions occur, the EMU reports environment alarms to the LMT or M2000. Each cabinet can be configured with a maximum of one EMU.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
13-1
The power monitoring process is as follows: 1. The monitoring board in the power distribution box monitors the operating status of the power distribution box. The RS485 serial cable routes the monitoring signals to the subrack that is connected with the serial cable. The monitoring signals are sent to the GSCU in the subrack through the serial bus on the backplane. The GSCU processes and reports the monitoring information. When an exception occurs, the GSCU generates an alarm and sends alarm information to the GBAM/GOMU. The GBAM/GOMU then sends the alarm information to the LMT and M2000.
2. 3.
13-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The fan monitoring process is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The fan control unit monitors the operating status of the fans in the fan box. The RS485 serial cable leads the monitoring signals to the subrack. The monitoring signals are sent to the GSCU in the subrack through the serial bus on the backplane. The GSCU processes and reports the monitoring information. When an exception occurs, the GSCU generates an alarm and sends alarm information to the GBAM/GOMU. The GBAM/GOMU then sends the alarm information to the LMT and M2000.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
13-3
The environment monitoring process is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The sensors monitor the environment and send the monitoring signals to the EMU. The EMU sends the monitoring signals to the connected subrack. The monitoring signals are sent to the GSCU in the subrack through the serial bus on the backplane.
l
If the subrack is an extension GTCS, the monitoring signals are sent from the GSCU in the extension GTCS to the GSCU in the GMPS through the GSCU in the main GTCS. If the subrack is a GEPS or the main GTCS, the monitoring signals are sent to the GSCU in the GMPS.
4.
The GSCU in the GMPS processes the monitoring signals and reports the monitoring information. When an exception occurs, the GSCU generates an alarm and sends the alarm information to the GBAM/GOMU. The GBAM/GOMU then sends the alarm information to the LMT or M2000.
13-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
14
About This Chapter
OM of the BSC
This describes two OM modes and various OM functions of the BSC. 14.1 OM Modes of the BSC The BSC can be maintained through either the LMT or the iManager M2000. 14.2 OM Functions of the BSC The OM functions of the BSC are as follows: security management, configuration management, performance management, alarm management, and loading management.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14-1
14 OM of the BSC
LMT You can maintain the BSC on the LMT, which communicates with the BSC through a LAN switch or through remote dialing.
iManager M2000 You can maintain the BSC on the iManager M2000. The BSC serves as a network element to access the iManager M2000.
Figure 14-1 shows the network topology of the BSC OM (in BSC hardware configuration type A). Figure 14-2 shows the network topology of the BSC OM (in BSC hardware configuration type B). Figure 14-1 Network topology of the BSC OM (in BSC hardware configuration type A)
BSC
iManager M2000
VLAN
Host
GBAM
Alarm box
LMT
LMT
14-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
Figure 14-2 Network topology of the BSC OM (in BSC hardware configuration type B)
iManager M2000
VLAN
BSC
Alarm box
LMT
LMT
14 OM of the BSC
The BTS loading management involves managing the process of loading software to the boards in the BTS. 14.2.8 BTS Upgrade Management The BTS can be upgraded a later version. You can locally or remotely upgrade multiple BTSs on the LMT/M2000 through the BSS OM network.
Authority Management
The BSC authority management regulates the operation authority of the users (LMT users or iManager M2000 users) that log in to the BSC. When users log in to the BSC, they actually log in to the GBAM/GOMU of the BSC. The BSC users are classified into the following types:
l
Domain users: These user accounts are created, changed, authenticated, and authorized on the M2000. Domain users can manage the BSC after logging in to the BSC on the LMT (BSC Local Maintenance Terminal or MML client) or after logging in to the M2000 server through the M2000 client. Internal users: There are two default accounts: admin and guest. The admin account has the rights to perform all the operations, and the guest account has only the data query rights. You cannot modify or delete these two accounts. External users: The external users are created, modified, authenticated, and authorized by the super-user admin or by external users who have corresponding rights. External users are classified into five levels. The users belonging to different levels are functional grouped. The users can perform only the operations defined in their functional groups. The GBAM/ GOMU verifies and controls the operation authority of the external users. Table 14-1 defines the authority of the external users that belong to different functional groups.
Table 14-1 Definitions of the BSC user authorities Level Guest User Operator Administrator Custom Authority Guest can only browse data. In addition to the authority granted to the User, User can perform OM of the equipment, alarm management, and performance management. In addition to the authorities granted to the User, Operator can perform data configuration for the equipment. Administrator has the highest operation authority. It can manage other users. The authority of this user is defined by the Administrator.
Security management also includes NE operation time management. It limits the operation time of users by date, week, and time segment. Users can carry out operations only in the predefined time limit.
14-4 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
Log Management
Log management records and saves the operations performed by an operator and the running information of the BSC. It also helps in analyzing and locating faults. Table 14-2 lists the logs that are recorded when the BSC is running. Table 14-2 BSC logs Type Running log Operating log Debugging log LastWords log Description Records the operating information about the system, such as board reset information Records the information on operation and maintenance performed by users Records the information on the analysis and location of internal faults Records the primary information such as timers before system failure. The information is used to locate and analyze faults, such as abnormal system restart. Records the information on CS calls and saves it on a server. This enables you to quickly locate faults and view history CS call records. Records the information on PS calls and saves it on a server. This enables you to quickly locate faults and view history PS call records. Records the information on the faults that occur while the BTS is running and the related debugging information Records the information on cell frequency scan Records the information on the TRX power Records the information on the temperature in the equipment room
CS CHR log PS CHR log BTS log Frequency scan log TRX power log Equipment room temperature log
Querying log files You can view specified log information in the GBAM/GOMU by setting the querying conditions.
Uploading log files You can upload the log files in the GBAM/GOMU to a specified FTP server by setting the uploading parameters.
Saving log files You can save specified running, operating, debugging logs in the GBAM/GOMU by setting the parameters of the log files.
Saving the logs stored in the buffer to the log file by force You can obtain the latest log information by saving the logs stored in the buffer to the log file.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14-5
14 OM of the BSC
NOTE
The GBAM/GOMU saves the log information in the buffer. When the log information reaches the specified limit or the current time reaches the log record period, the GBAM/GOMU records the log file.
Inventory Management
Inventory management is a process in which the BSC and BTS inventory information files are exported and uploaded. Using this function, you can learn the physical and logical configurations of the BSC and BTS through the LMT and M2000. Both the BSC inventory information and the BTS inventory information contain the descriptions of the following items:
l l l l l l l l l l l l
Equipment Connection Modules Configurations Peer equipment Host version Cabinets Subracks Boards and the Flash electronic labels of the boards Slots Ports Antennas
14 OM of the BSC
LMT (*.dat)
Board
Database
GBAM/GOMU
The procedure for the offline data configuration on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal is as follows: 1. 2. 3. Perform data configuration on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, and check that the data is integral and accurate by using the auto check function of the LMT. Save the configuration data as a *.dat file on the hard disk. Send the *.dat file to the GBAM/GOMU database by performing the Load and Restore operation on the LMT. Then, activate the configuration data of each service board.
NOTE
At present, the MML client does not support offline data configuration.
Board
Database
GBAM/GOMU
The procedure of the online data configuration in the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal is as follows:
Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14-7
14 OM of the BSC
1. 2.
You can issue configuration commands to the configuration module of the GBAM/GOMU through the LMT. On receiving the configuration commands, the configuration module sends the configuration data to the database of a specified service board and writes the configuration data in the database of the GBAM/GOMU.
After you log in to the BSC through the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal and perform data configurations, other users are forbidden to perform data configurations simultaneously. In case that multiple LMTs have accessed the GBAM/GOMU and one LMT has performed data configuration, the rest LMTs will detect the data changed in the GBAM/GOMU and prompt you to update the local data to keep the consistency of the data between the LMTs and the GBAM/ GOMU. After you log in to the BSC through the MML client and run configuration commands in succession, other users are allowed to perform data configurations simultaneously. After you log in to the BSC through the MML client and run configuration commands in batch, other users are forbidden to perform data configurations simultaneously.
LMT configuration data In offline configuration mode, you can configure the BSC data by using the data configuration wizards, and then save the configuration data in the LMT memory. You can save the configuration data by backing up the local data.
Based on the hardware configuration types, the BSC configuration data is classified into the GBAM configuration data and GOMU configuration data.
GBAM configuration data: The data, saved in the GBAM memory database and on the GBAM hard disk, provides the basis for the operation of the GBAM. After dynamic configuration, the GBAM updates the data in the memory database and the data files on the hard disk. GOMU configuration data: The data, saved in the database of the GOMU memory, provides the basis for the operation of the GOMU. After dynamic configuration, the GOMU updates the data in the GOMU memory database.
Based on system requirements, the BSC configuration data is classified into the minimum configuration data and the dynamic configuration data.
l
Minimum configuration data The minimum configuration data is provided by the system automatically and is saved in the directory \LMT installation directory\BSC6000\software version\Cfg\SysData. The configured data is the minimum configuration data for the normal operation of the LMT in offline mode. The minimum configuration data of the GBAM server, front GOMU board, and rear GOMU board is mini_Cfg_lmt12.DAT, mini_Cfg_Prefix_lmt0.DAT, and mini_Cfg_Post_lmt0.DAT.
14-8
14 OM of the BSC
The dynamic configuration data is generated on the GBAM/GOMU when you perform configurations on the LMT in online mode.
NOTE
The files in the directory \LMT installation directory\BSC6000\software version\Cfg\SysData are mandatory for the normal operation of the LMT. The files cannot be modified or deleted.
Check of the data consistency between the active and standby GOMUs If the BSC is configured with the active and standby GOMUs, the data on the active GOMU must be the same as that on the standby GOMU, thus ensuring the reliability of the BSC. If the active GOMU is faulty, the standby GOMU takes over the work of the active GOMU after an active/standby switchover.The data consistency between the active GOMU board and the standby GOMU board is guaranteed internally without the operations through the LMT.
Check of the data consistency between the GBAM/GOMU and the other boards If the data on a service board is inconsistent with that on the GBAM/GOMU, the system cannot run stably. In addition, some data configured on the LMT cannot take effect on the host. Figure 14-5 shows the procedure of the BSC data consistency check.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14-9
14 OM of the BSC
The procedure of the BSC data consistency check is as follows: 1. 2. 3. You can issue a data consistency check command to the GBAM/GOMU on the LMT. The GBAM/GOMU analyzes the parameters of the command and checks whether the data in the board database is consistent with that in the GBAM/GOMU database. When the comparison is complete, the GBAM/GOMU generates a result file and sends it to the LMT.
The BSC data synchronization procedure is as follows: 1. 2. 3. You can issue a synchronization command to the GBAM/GOMU on the LMT. The GBAM/GOMU analyzes the parameters of the command and synchronizes the data on each board with the data in the GBAM/GOMU database. Once the update is complete, the GBAM/GOMU sends the synchronization result to the LMT.
14-10
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
M2000 client
Service board
By default, the BSC performance management process is as follows: 1. 2. You can register a measurement task and specify the object, time, and item attributes of the task on the iManager M2000 client. Based on the measurement task, the iManager M2000 server modifies the measurement task file, sends it to the GBAM/GOMU, and issues a command to activate the modified measurement task file. Based on the modified measurement task file, the GBAM/GOMU notifies service boards to collect data based on the new requirements. The GBAM/GOMU receives the measurement results from the service boards and saves them as files. The GBAM/GOMU notifies the iManager M2000 server of the measurement results and uploads the files to the iManager M2000 server. The iManager M2000 server processes the files and saves them to the database. Based on the measurement task registered by the M2000 client, the iManager M2000 server extracts the relevant results from the database, calculates them, and sends them to the M2000 client.
3.
4.
5.
Alarm filtering The BSC can filter the repetitive fault alarms, recovery alarms, and event alarms. Alarm shielding Operators can shield an alarm by alarm ID. Alternatively, they can shield a specific alarm or all alarms of a cell, BTS, or board by setting alarm shielding conditions, thus reducing the number of reported derivative alarms.
Alarm alert
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14-11
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
When a fault alarm occurs, the BSC can notify the operators by Email, icon flash, phone, short message, terminal sound, audible and visual indication of alarm box.
l
Alarm information processing You can browse alarm information in real time, query history alarm information, and handle alarms based on the handling suggestions available from the online help of the BSC. The BSC can store 100, 000 pieces of history alarm information generated in the latest 90 days.
M2000 client
Database
Each board detects and reports alarms to the GBAM/GOMU automatically. The GBAM/GOMU classifies these alarms into different levels and sends them to the LMT or to the M2000 server. You can manage the alarms using the LMT or the M2000 client. The alarm management module of the GBAM/GOMU performs the following functions:
l
Alarm storage The alarm management module of the GBAM/GOMU stores the alarms reported by each board in the GBAM/GOMU alarm database.
Alarm processing The alarm management module of the GBAM processes the operation commands from the LMT or M2000 client. There commands include querying active alarms, querying alarm logs, and modifying alarm configuration items.
14 OM of the BSC
Convert
The alarm box is connected to the LMT or GBAM/GOMU/M2000 through the serial port. When an alarm is reported, the alarm forward management module in the LMT instructs the alarm box to generate an audible and visual alarm. You can stop alarm sounds, disable alarm indicators, and reset the alarm box through the LMT.
NOTE
The GBAM/GOMU serves as the center of the entire BSC loading management process. The loading and power-on of the GBAM/GOMU are independent of other boards. The GBAM/GOMU processes the loading control requests of the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU in the GMPS serves as the subcenter of the BSC loading management process. It processes the loading control requests of the service boards in the GMPS and GEPS. If the OM link between the GMPS and the main GTCS is normal, the GSCU in the GMPS processes all the loading control requests from the service boards in all the GTCSs. The GSCU in the main GTCS serves as the subcenter of the GTCS loading management process. If the OM link between the GMPS and the main GTCS is disconnected, the GSCU in the main GTCS processes all the loading control requests from the service boards in all the GTCSs.
In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GTCS is configured on the BSC side. For the BSC loading process in this case, see Figure 14-10. In BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GTCS is configured on the MSC side, and the OM link on the Ater interface serves as the loading path. For the BSC loading process in this case, see Figure 14-11.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14-13
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
l
Figure 14-12 shows the BSC loading process in BM/TC combined or A over IP configuration mode.
Other boards
File transmission
GEPS G S C U
Other boards
14-14
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
Loading module
BSC side
GEPS G S C U
Other boards
Assume that in BM/TC separated configuration mode, the GTCS is configured on the BSC side, as shown in Figure 14-10. In this case, the BSC loading process is described as follows:
Issue 04 (2010-05-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 14-15
14 OM of the BSC
1.
After the GSCU in the GMPS is started, it broadcasts the BOOTP request to the GBAM/ GOMU.
l l
If the GBAM/GOMU is communicating with the LMT, it processes the request. If the GBAM/GOMU is not started or does not communicate with the LMT, the GSCU in the GMPS loads program files from the Flash.
2.
After receiving the BOOTP request, the GBAM/GOMU writes the Load Key, IP address, and version information into the BOOTP acknowledge message, which is then transmitted to the GSCU. On receiving the BOOTP acknowledgement message, the GSCU in the GMPS loads the program files and data files according to the Load Key. The GSCU in the GMPS forwards the BOOTP requests from other boards in the GEPS or GTCS to the GBAM/GOMU. After receiving the BOOTP requests, the GBAM/GOMU sends acknowledgment messages to the other boards. On receiving the acknowledgement messages, the other boards load the program files and data files according to the Load Keys. The BSC loading process is complete.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
14-16
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14 OM of the BSC
If the parameters are consistent, the GBAM/GOMU responds to the loading request. If the parameters are inconsistent, the GBAM/GOMU rejects the loading request. The loading of BTS software terminates.
(3) The LMT/M2000 sends data frames to the BTS. The data frames are saved in the flash of the BTS boards. Upon reception of each 20 frames, the BTS returns the GBAM/ GOMU with a response until the loading is completed. 4. Activating BTS software (1) The LMT/M2000 issues an activating command to the GBAM/GOMU. The activating command contains the parameters such as BTS type, file type, and version number. (2) The GBAM/GOMU analyzes the parameters in the activating command and issues the activating command to the relevant BTS boards. (3) The BTS boards obtain data and software information from the flash. 5. Verifying upgrade result You should verify the services to ensure that the BTS is successfully upgraded.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
14-17
15
About This Chapter
The BSC signal flow consists of the CS service signal flow, PS service signal flow, signaling flow, and OM signal flow. 15.1 BSC CS Signal Flow After a CS call is established, the MS and the network communicate with each other. In this case, the signal flow is referred to as the CS signal flow. The method of processing the BSC CS signal flow varies with the transmission modes adopted on the Abis interface and the A interface, and also varies with the combination modes of BSC subracks. 15.2 BSC PS Signal Flow After a PS communication is established, the MS and the network communicate with each other. In this case, the signal flow is referred to as the PS signal flow. The method of processing the BSC PS signal flow varies with the types of PCU and with the transmission modes on the Abis interface. 15.3 BSC Signaling Flow The BSC signaling flow consists of the signaling flow on the Abis interface, A interface, Pb interface, and Gb interface. 15.4 BSC OM Signal Flow The BSC OM signal flow is initiated when you operate and maintain the BSC. The BSC OM signal flow varies with the combination modes of the BSC subracks.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
15-1
l l
For details on the transmission modes on the Abis interface, refer to 16.1 Transmission and Networking on the Abis Interface. For details on the transmission modes on the A interface, refer to 16.2 Transmission and Networking on the A Interface.
As shown in Figure 15-1, the CS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The uplink CS signals are sent from the BTS to the GEIUB/GOIUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The CS signals are demultiplexed in the GEIUB/GOIUB. One CS signal uses a 64 kbit/s timeslot and is transmitted to the GEIUT/GOIUT through the GTNU. The CS signals are multiplexed in the GEIUT/GOIUT. One full-rate CS signal uses a 16 kbit/s sub-timeslot, and one half-rate CS signal uses an 8 kbit/s sub-timeslot. The CS signals are then transmitted to the GEIUT/GOIUT in the GTCS over the Ater interface. The CS signals are de-multiplexed in the GEIUT/GOIUT of the GTCS. One CS signal uses a 64 kbit/s timeslot and is transmitted to the GDPUX/GDPUC through the GTNU. The GDPUX/GDPUC performs voice coding/decoding and rate matching on the CS signals, which are converted into 64 kbit/s PCM signals. The 64 kbit/s PCM signals are transmitted to the GEIUA/GOIUA through the GTNU, and then are transmitted to the MSC over the A interface.
4. 5.
In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the TDM transmission is used on both the Abis interface and the A interface. For the BSC CS signal flow in this case, see Figure 15-2.
15-2 Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
As shown in Figure 15-2, the CS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The uplink CS signals are sent from the BTS to the GEIUB/GOIUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The CS signals are de-multiplexed in the GEIUB/GOIUB. One CS signal uses a 64 kbit/s timeslot and is transmitted to the GDPUX through the GTNU. The GDPUX performs voice coding/decoding and rate matching on the CS signals, which are converted into 64 kbit/s PCM signals. The 64 kbit/s PCM signals are transmitted to the GEIUA/GOIUA through the GTNU, and then are transmitted to the MSC over the A interface.
As shown in Figure 15-3, the CS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. The uplink CS signals are sent from the BTS to the GFGUB/GOGUB/GEHUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The GFGUB/GOGUB/GEHUB transmits the CS signals to the GSCU, which then transmits the signals to the GDPUX.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15-3
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
3. 4. 5. 6.
The GDPUX adjusts the frame order, eliminates jitter, and converts the PTRAU frames into TRAU frames, which are then transmitted to the GEIUT/GOIUT through the GTNU. The CS signals are multiplexed in the GEIUT/GOIUT of the GMPS/GEPS, and then are transmitted to the GEIUT/GOIUT in the GTCS. The CS signals are de-multiplexed in the GEIUT/GOIUT of the GTCS. One CS signal uses a 64 kbit/s timeslot and is transmitted to the GDPUX/GDPUC through the GTNU. The GDPUX/GDPUC performs voice coding/decoding and rate matching on the CS signals, which are converted into 64 kbit/s PCM signals. The 64 kbit/s PCM signals are transmitted to the GEIUA/GOIUA through the GTNU, and then are transmitted to the MSC over the A interface.
In BM/TC combined configuration mode, the HDLC/IP transmission and TDM transmission are used on the Abis interface and A interface respectively. For the BSC CS signal flow in this case, see Figure 15-4. Figure 15-4 CS signal flow (4)
As shown in Figure 15-4, the CS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. The uplink CS signals are sent from the BTS to the GEHUB/GFGUB/GOGUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The CS signals are transmitted to the GDPUX through the GSCU. The GDPUX adjusts the frame order, eliminates jitter, and performs voice coding/decoding and rate matching. The PTRAU frames are then converted into 64 kbit/s PCM frames. The PCM frames are transmitted to the GEIUA/GOIUA through the GTNU, and then are transmitted to the MSC over the A interface.
15-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
GMPS/GEPS BSC
As shown in Figure 15-5, the CS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. The uplink CS signals are sent from the BTS to the GEIUB/GOIUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The CS signals are de-multiplexed in the GEIUB/GOIUB. One CS signal uses a 64 kbit/s timeslot and is transmitted to the GDPUX through the GTNU. The GDPUX converts the TRAU frames into RTP frames, adjusts the frame order, and eliminates jitter. The GSCU transmits the CS signals to the GFGUA/GOGUA, which are then transmitted to the MGW over the A interface.
As shown in Figure 15-6, the CS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. The uplink CS signals are sent from the BTS to the GFGUB/GOGUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The CS signals are transmitted to the GDPUX through the GSCU. The GDPUX converts the PTRAU frames into RTP frames, adjusts the frame order, and eliminates jitter. The GSCU transmits the CS signals to the GFGUA/GOGUA, which are then transmitted to the MGW over the A interface.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15-5
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
For details on the transmission modes on the Abis interface, refer to 16.1 Transmission and Networking on the Abis Interface.
When the built-in PCU is used, the PS signal flow on the uplink is as follows: 1. The packet data is sent from the BTS to the GEIUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The packet data uses one to four 16 kbit/s sub-timeslots on the Abis interface, depending on the modulation and coding scheme, such as CS1-CS9 or MCS1MCS9. The GEIUB transmits the packet data to the GTNU. After receiving the data, the GTNU transmits the signals to the GDPUP. The GDPUP performs format conversion, and then transmits the data to the GEPUG/ GFGUG through the GSCU. The GEPUG/GFGUG processes the packet data at layer 1 and at a part of the NS layer on the Gb interface. Then, the packet data is transmitted to the SGSN over the Gb interface.
2. 3. 4.
When the built-in PCU is used, the BSC PS signal flow in Abis over HDLC transmission mode is the same as that in Abis over IP transmission mode. See Figure 15-8.
15-6
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The BSC PS signal flow in the uplink is as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. The PS signals are sent from the BTS to the GEHUB/GFGUB/GOGUB in the GMPS/ GEPS. The GSCU transmits the PS signals to the GDPUP. The GDPUP performs format conversion, and then transmits the data to the GEPUG/ GFGUG through the GSCU. The GEPUG/GFGUG processes the packet data at layer 1 and at a part of the NS layer on the Gb interface. Then, the packet data is transmitted to the SGSN over the Gb interface.
When the external PCU is used, the BSC PS signal flow on the uplink is as follows: 1. The packet data is sent from the BTS to the GEIUB in the GMPS/GEPS. The packet data uses one to four 16 kbit/s sub-timeslots on the Abis interface, depending on the modulation and coding scheme, such as CS1-CS9 or MCS1MCS9. The GTNU transmits the PS signals to the GEIUP/GOIUP. The PS signals are transmitted to the PCU over the Pb interface, and then to the SGSN over the Gb interface.
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 15-7
2. 3.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The GXPUM originates and terminates all the signaling flows of the BSC.
Abis
15-8
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Figure 15-11 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface (Abis over TDM)
The signaling flow on the Abis interface is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The signaling is transmitted to the GEIUB/GOIUB in the GMPS/GEPS over the Abis interface. Then, the signaling is transmitted to the GSCU. The GSCU transmits the signaling to the GXPUT/GXPUM. The GXPUT/GXPUM processes the signaling according to the LAPD and RR protocols. The GXPUM processes the signaling according to the BTSM protocol.
Abis
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
15-9
Figure 15-13 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface (Abis over HDLC)
The signaling flow on the Abis interface is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The signaling is transmitted to the GEHUB in the GMPS/GEPS over the Abis interface. Then, the GEHUB transmits the signaling to the GSCU. The GSCU transmits the signaling to the GXPUT/GXPUM. The GXPUT/GXPUM processes the signaling according to the LAPD and RR protocols. The GXPUM processes the signaling according to the BTSM protocol.
Abis
15-10
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Figure 15-15 Signaling Flow on the Abis Interface (Abis over IP)
The signaling flow on the Abis interface is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The signaling is transmitted to the GFGUB/GOGUB in the GMPS/GEPS over the Abis interface. The GFGUB/GOGUB processes the signaling according to the MAC, IP, and UDP protocols, and then transmits the signaling to the GXPUT/GXPUM through the GSCU. The GXPUT/GXPUM processes the signaling according to the LAPD and RR protocols. The GXPUM processes the signaling according to the BTSM protocol.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
15-11
The BSC internal signaling flow from the A interface varies with the configuration modes of the BSC subracks.
l
Figure 15-17 shows the BSC internal signaling flow in the BM/TC separated configuration mode. Figure 15-18 shows the BSC internal signaling flow in the BM/TC combined configuration mode..
Figure 15-17 Signaling flow on the A interface (A over TDM) (BM/TC separated)
As shown in Figure 15-17, the BSC internal signaling flow from the A interface is as follows: 1. In the GMPS/GEPS, the GXPUM/GXPUT processes the signaling according to the MTP3, SCCP, and BSSAP protocols. The GEIUT processes the signaling according to the MTP2 protocol. The signaling is transparently transmitted in the GTCS, and then is transmitted to the MSC over the A interface.
2.
15-12
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Figure 15-18 Signaling flow on the A interface (A over TDM) (BM/TC combined)
As shown in Figure 15-18, the BSC internal signaling flow from the A interface is as follows: 1. 2. In the GMPS/GEPS, the GXPUM/GXPUT processes the signaling according to the MTP3, SCCP, and BSSAP protocols. The GEIUA/GOIUA processes the signaling according to the MTP2 protocol. Then, the signaling is transmitted to the MSC over the A interface.
DTAP
BSSMAP SCCP
DTAP
BSSMAP SCCP
The BSC internal signaling flow from the A interface is as follows: 1. In the GMPS/GEPS, the GXPUM/GXPUT processes the signaling according to the BSSAP, SCCP, SCTP, and M3UA protocols. Then, the signaling is transmitted to the GFGUA/GOGUA through the GSCU. The GFGUA/GOGUA processes the signaling according to the IP protocol. Then, the signaling is transmitted to the MSC through the A interface.
2.
Pb
15-14
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The BSC internal signaling flow from the Pb interface is as follows: 1. 2. 3. The signaling is transmitted to the GEIUP/GOIUP in the GMPS/GEPS over the Pb interface. The GEIUP/GOIUP processes the signaling according to the LAPD protocol. On receiving the signaling from the GSCU, the GXPUT/GXPUM processes the signaling based on the PbIP and RR protocols.
GMM/SM BSC
NS Layer1
Gb
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
15-15
Figure 15-24 shows the signaling flow on the Gb interface. Figure 15-24 Signaling flow on the Gb interface
The BSC internal signaling flow from the Gb interface is as follows: 1. The signaling is transmitted to the GMPS/GEPS over the Gb interface. If the sub NS layer of the NS protocol complies with the FR protocol, the Gb interface board is the GEPUG. If the sub NS layer of the NS protocol complies with the IP protocol, the Gb interface board is the GFGUG. 2. 3. The GSCU transmits the signaling to the GXPUM. The GXPUM processes the signaling according to the NS and BSSGP protocols.
OM signal flow in the GMPS 1. 2. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
OM signal flow in the GEPS 1. 2. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the GSCU in the GEPS. In the GEPS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
3.
l
OM signal flow in the GTCS 1. 2. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the GSCU in the main GTCS. In the main GTCS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance. Alternatively, the GSCU in the main GTCS transmits the OM signal to the GSCU in an extension GTCS. Then, in the extension GTCS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
3.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
15-17
OM signal flow in the GMPS 1. 2. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the GSCU in the GEPS. In the GEPS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GEIUT/GOIUT in the GMPS. Then, the GEIUT/GOIUT in the GMPS transmits the OM signal to the GEIUT/GOIUT in the main GTCS through the Ater interface. In the main GTCS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance. Alternatively, the GSCU in the main GTCS transmits the OM signal to
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
3.
l
3.
15-18
the GSCU in an extension GTCS. Then, in the extension GTCS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
OM signal flow in the GMPS 1. 2. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the GSCU in the GEPS. In the GEPS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
3.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
15-19
OM signal flow in the GMPS 1. 2. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance. The OM signal is transmitted from the LMT/M2000 to the GBAM/GOMU. After being processed by the GBAM/GOMU, the OM signal is transmitted to the GSCU in the GMPS. The GSCU then transmits the OM signal to the GSCU in the GEPS. In the GEPS, the GSCU transmits the OM signal to the service boards that require maintenance.
3.
15-20
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16-1
Abis over TDM Abis over TDM indicates that the TDM transmission is used on the Abis interface. In this case, the Abis interface board is the GEIUB/GOIUB, and the transmission network between the BSC and the BTS is the SDH/PDH network.
Abis over HDLC Abis over HDLC indicates that layer 2 of the Abis interface protocol stack uses the HDLC protocol. In this case, the Abis interface board is the GEHUB, and the transmission network between the BSC and the BTS is the SDH/PDH network.
Abis over IP Abis over IP indicates that layer 3 of the Abis interface protocol stack uses the IP protocol. In this case, the Abis interface board is the GFGUB/GOGUB, and the transmission network between the BSC and the BTS is the IP network.
Figure 16-1 shows the E1/T1-based TDM networking on the Abis interface. Figure 16-2 shows the STM-1-based TDM networking on the Abis interface.
E1/T1
DDF
DDF
E1/T1
BSC
BTS
E1/T1 BTS
DDF
ODF
STM-1
BS C
16-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
NOTE
If the BTSs connected to the BSC are distributed on different PDH/SDH rings, additional ADM/DXC devices should be used.
Advantages: The networking mode features maturity, flexible QoS, and security. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. Disadvantages: Compared with the IP transmission networking mode, the cost of this networking mode is high.
E1/T1 DDF E1/T1 BTS ADM/DXC SDH/PDH ADM/DXC network DDF E1/T1
G E H BSC U B
Advantages: If the networking mode is used, the utilization of the transmission resources over the Abis interface is improved without reconstruction of the existing SDH/PDH networks. Disadvantages: No support the high-speed transmission based on STM-1.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16-3
Figure 16-4 Hybrid networking (Abis over TDM and Abis over HDLC)
Advantages: If the Abis over HDLC networking mode is used, the utilization of the transmission resources over the Abis interface is improved without reconstruction of the existing SDH/PDH networks. Disadvantages: For hybrid combined cabinets and cabinet groups, as some BTSs use HDLC transmission and some use TDM transmission, at least two cables are required to connect the BTS to the BSC. Therefore, transmission resources are wasted.
Abis over IP
In Abis over IP networking mode, the Abis interface adopts the VLAN technology. In other words, signaling and service signals are labeled different VLAN IDs, which are used to differentiate the signaling, voice service signals, and data service signals over the same physical link. Thus, QoS is improved. In the Abis over IP networking mode, the Abis interface board in the BSC is the GFGUB/ GOGUB. The GFGUB provides FE/GE ports,The GOGUB provides GE ports.Based on the transmission networks, the Abis over IP networking modes can be classified into the following types:
l l
Figure 16-5 shows the Multi-Service Transmission Platform (MSTP) based IP networking. Figure 16-6 shows the data-network-based IP networking.
FE BTS MSTP
MSTP MSTP
FE/GE
BSC
16-4
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
FE BTS Switch
Applies to the telecom operators that have established the SDH network or MSTP network. Provides up to 100 Mbit/s transmission bandwidth through the FE/GE ports, thus facilitating the BTS upgrade and capacity expansion. Provides the VC trunk function, which enables the establishment of two VC trunk links between the BTS and the BSC and ensures the security of data transmission. These two links can be used to transmit real-time service data and non-real-time service data.
Disadvantages of MSTP-based IP networking: The MSTP network does not support the evolution from telecommunication networks to IP networks. Advantages of data-network-based IP networking:
l l
Provides large-capacity bandwidth and reliable transmission on the Abis interface Supports the evolution from GSM networks to IP networks
Disadvantages of data-network-based IP networking: cannot ensure good QoS. The end-to-end QoS mechanism must be adopted.
A over TDM A over TDM indicates that the TDM transmission is used on the A interface. In this case, the A interface board is the GEIUA/GOIUA, and the transmission network between the BSC and the MSC/MGW is the SDH/PDH network.
A over IP A over IP indicates that layer 3 of the A interface protocol stack uses the IP protocol. In this case, the A interface board is the GFGUA/GOGUA, and the transmission network between the BSC and the MGW is the IP network.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16-5
A over TDM
In A over TDM networking mode, the A interface board in the BSC is the GEIUA/GOIUA, which provides E1/T1 ports and STM-1 ports. The A over IP networking mode varies with whether the TC function is performed by the BSC.
l
The TC function is performed by the BSC. For the networking mode in this case, see Figure 16-7. The TC function is performed by the MGW. For the networking mode in this case, see Figure 16-8. The TC function is performed by the BSC. For the networking mode in this case, see Figure 16-9. The TC function is performed by the MGW. For the networking mode in this case, see Figure 16-10.
DDF
E1/T1
MSC
BSC
E1/T1
DDF
DDF
DDF
E1/T1 MSC
16-6
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
DDF
E1/T1 MGW
MSC Server
Advantages: The networking mode features maturity, flexible QoS, and security. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. Disadvantages: Compared with the IP transmission networking mode, the cost of this networking mode is high.
A over IP
If IP transmission is used on the A interface, the TC function is performed by the MGW. In A over IP networking mode, the A interface adopts the VLAN technology. In other words, signaling and service signals are labeled different VLAN IDs, which are used to differentiate the signaling, voice service signals, and data service signals over the same physical link. Thus, QoS is improved. In A over IP networking mode, the A interface board in the BSC is the GFGUA/GOGUA, which provides FE/GE electrical ports and GE optical ports. Figure 16-11 shows the A over IP networking mode in which the transmission between the BSC and the MGW is the layer 2 IP network. Figure 16-12 shows the A over IP networking mode in which the transmission between the BSC and the MGW is the layer 3 IP network. Figure 16-11 IP networking on the A interface (1)
MSC Server
BSC
Switch
MGW
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16-7
Router L3 IP network
Router
MGW
Advantages: This networking mode provides large-capacity bandwidth and reliable transmission on the A interface. It also supports the evolution from GSM networks to IP networks. Disadvantages: The BSC must be connected to the Huawei MGW.
Figure 16-13 shows the E1/T1-based TDM networking on the Pb interface. Figure 16-14 shows the STM-1-based TDM networking on the Pb interface.
E1/T1
DDF
DDF
E1/T1
PCU
DDF
E1/T1
PCU
16-8
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
The GTCS is configured on the BSC side, and the E1/T1 transmission is used on the Ater interface. For the networking on the Ater interface in this case, see Figure 16-15. The GTCS is configured on the MSC side, and the E1/T1 transmission is used on the Ater interface. For the networking on the Ater interface in this case, see Figure 16-16. The GTCS is configured on the MSC side, and the STM-1 transmission is used on the Ater interface. For the networking on the Ater interface in this case, see Figure 16-17.
Figure 16-15 E1/T1-based networking on the Ater interface (GTCS configured on the BSC side)
G E I U T G E I U T
GMPS
E1/T1
DDF
E1/T1
Main GTCS
Figure 16-16 E1/T1-based networking on the Ater interface (GTCS configured on the MSC side)
G E GMPS I U T G E E1/T1 Main I DDF GTCS U T
E1/T1
DDF
Figure 16-17 STM-1-based networking on the Ater interface (GTCS configured on the MSC side)
G O STM-1 ODF GMPS I U T G STM-1 O ODF I U T
Main GTCS
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16-9
Gb over FR Gb over FR indicates that the Frame Relay (FR) protocol is used on the sub NS layer of the Gb interface protocol stack. In this case, the Gb interface board is the GEPUG, and the transmission network between the BSC and the SGSN is the FR network.
Gb over IP Gb over IP indicates that the IP protocol is used on the sub NS layer of the Gb interface protocol stack. In this case, the Gb interface board is the GFGUG, and the transmission network between the BSC and the SGSN is the IP network.
Gb over FR
In Gb over FR networking mode, the transmission network between the BSC and the SGSN is the FR network. The Gb interface board in the BSC is the GEPUG, which provides E1/T1 ports,as shown inFigure 16-18 . Figure 16-18 E1/T1-based FR networking on the Gb interface
G E BSC P U G
E1/T1
E1/T1
SGSN SGSN
Advantages: The networking mode features maturity and can make full use of the existing FR network. Disadvantages: The bandwidth on the Gb interface is insufficient, so large-capacity requirements of data services cannot be met.
Gb over IP
In Gb over IP networking mode, the transmission network between the BSC and the SGSN is the IP network. The Gb interface board in the BSC is the GFGUG, which provides FE/GE ports, as shown in Figure 16-19.
16-10
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
FE/GE
SGSN
Advantages: Compared with the FR networking mode, the bandwidth on the Gb interface in the IP networking mode is greatly increased, thus reducing the costs of network construction and OM. Disadvantages: The transmission in Gb over IP networking mode is less reliable than that in Gb over FR networking mode.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
16-11
17
About This Chapter
The BSC technical specifications consist of the capacity specifications, engineering specifications, physical port specifications, reliability specifications, clock precision specifications, noise and safety compliance, and environment specifications. 17.1 BSC Capacity Specifications The BSC capacity specifications consist of CS service capacity specifications and PS service capacity specifications. 17.2 BSC Engineering Specifications The BSC engineering specifications consist of the structural specifications, power consumption specifications, and electrical specifications. 17.3 BSC Physical Interfaces The BSC physical interfaces consist of the transmission interfaces and clock interfaces. 17.4 BSC Reliability Specifications The reliability specifications of the BSC consist of the system availability in typical configuration, Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), success rate of the switchover of the active and standby boards, Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), and entire equipment yearly repair rate. 17.5 BSC Clock Precision Requirements The BSC clock specifications consist of the clock precision, pull-in range, maximum frequency offset, and initial maximum frequency offset. 17.6 BSC Noise and Safety Compliance The noise level and safety requirements of the BSC comprise specifications pertaining to noise control and the requirements that the BSC should meet. 17.7 BSC Environment Requirements The BSC must comply with the environment requirements in terms of storage, transportation, and operation. 17.8 Technical Specifications of BSC Parts The technical specifications of the BSC parts consist of the specifications of the GBAM, GOMU, power distribution box, and fan box.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
17-1
8192
l l
Uplink: 7 Downlink: 8
17-2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Structural Specifications
Table 17-2 lists the structural specifications of the BSC. Table 17-2 Structural specifications Specification Cabinet standard Cabinet outline dimensions Available cabinet space height Weight of the cabinet Load-bearing capability of the equipment room Value IEC60297 standard and IEEE standard 2,200 mm (height) x 600 mm (width) x 800 mm (depth) 46 U Empty cabinet 150 kg; cabinet in full configuration 350 kg 450 kg/m2
Electrical Specifications
Table 17-4 describes the power supply and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) specifications of the BSC. Table 17-4 Power supply and EMC specifications of the BSC Specification Power supply
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
17-3
Specification EMC
GEIUB
DB44
GEHUB
DB44
GEIUP
DB44
17-4
Transmission
Connector DB44
Remarks The GEPUG provides four E1/T1 ports, which carry 32 E1/T1 links and are used for the FR transmission on the Gb interface. The GOIUA provides an STM-1 port, which carries 63 E1 links or 84 T1 links. It is used for the TDM transmission on the A interface. The GOIUB provides an STM-1 port, which carries 63 E1 links or 84 T1 links. It is used for the TDM transmission on the Abis interface. The GOIUP provides an STM-1 port, which carries 63 E1 links or 84 T1 links. It is used for the TDM transmission on the Pb interface. The GFGUA provides eight FE ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the A interface. The GFGUB provides eight FE ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the Abis interface.
STM-1
GOIUA
LC/PC
GOIUB
LC/PC
GOIUP
LC/PC
FE
GFGUA
RJ45
GFGUB
RJ45
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
17-5
Transmission
Connector RJ45
Remarks The GFGUG provides eight FE ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the Gb interface. The LAN switch provides 24 FE ports. The GFGUA provides two GE electrical ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the A interface. The GFGUB provides two GE electrical ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the Abis interface. The GFGUA provides two GE electrical ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the Gb interface. The GOGUA provides two GE optical ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the A interface. The GOGUB provides two GE optical ports, which are used for the IP transmission on the Abis interface.
RJ45 RJ45
GFGUB
RJ45
GFGUG
RJ45
GOGUA
RJ45
GOGUB
RJ45
NOTE
As listed in Table 17-5, the LAN switch provides 24 Fast Ethernet (FE) ports. The LMT and M2000 access the GBAM through the LAN switch.
17-6
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Table 17-6 Specifications of the internal transmission interfaces of the BSC Transmission E1/T1 Board or Equipment GEIUT Connector DB44 Remarks The GEIUT provides four E1/T1 ports, which carry 32 E1/T1 links and are used for the TDM transmission on the Ater interface. The GOIUT provides an STM-1 port, which carries 63 E1 links or 84 T1 links. It is used for the TDM transmission on the Ater interface. The GBAM provides one FE port. The GBAM provides two GE ports. The GOMU provides three GE ports. The GSCU provides ten FE ports, which are used for the GE interconnection between subracks. TDM high-speed serial port is used for the connection between the GTNUs in different subracks. The GGCU provides 10 LVDS high-speed serial ports for the transmission of clock signals between subracks.
STM-1
GOIUT
LC/PC
FE
GBAM
RJ45
GE
GBAM
RJ45
GOMU
RJ45
GSCU
RJ45
TDM
GTNU
DB14
LVDS
GGCU
RJ45
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
17-7
GGCU
RJ45
GSCU
RJ45
Table 17-9 describes the clock specifications of the BSC. Table 17-9 Clock specifications of the BSC Specification Clock precision Pull-in range Maximum frequency offset Initial maximum frequency offset Value 4.6 10-6 4.6 10-6 2 10-8/day 1 10-8
17.7.3 BSC Operating Environment Requirements The operating environment requirements of the BSC involve climate, waterproofing, biological environment, air purity, and mechanical stress.
Climatic Requirements
Table 17-11 lists the climatic requirements related to the indoor storage environment of the BSC. Table 17-11 Climatic requirements (storage) Specification Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity Altitude Air pressure Solar radiation Thermal radiation Wind speed Value -40C to +70C 1C/min 10% to 100% 5,000 m 70106 kPa 1,120 W/s2 600 W/s2 30 m/s
WARNING
Temperature requirement of the KVM: 40C to +60C.
Waterproofing Requirements
The waterproofing requirements related to the indoor storage environment of the BSC are as follows:
l l l
It should be stored indoors. Water should not accumulate on the ground or endanger the packing case. The equipment should be kept away from possible water leakages, such as auto fireprotection device and air conditioner.
17-10
Waterproofing measures are taken appropriately to prevent rainwater from damaging the packing case. Water does not accumulate on the ground or endanger the packing case. The packing case is not exposed to direct sunlight.
l l
The environment should not be conducive to the growth of fungus or mildew. There should not be rodents, such as rats.
There should not be explosive, conductive, magneto-conductive, or corrosive dust in the air. The density of physically active materials should comply with the requirements listed in Table 17-12. The density of chemically active materials should comply with the requirements listed in Table 17-13.
Table 17-12 Requirements for physically active materials (storage) Physically Active Material Suspended dust Falling dust Sand
NOTE
l Suspended dust: diameter 75 um l Falling dust: 75 um diameter 150 um l Sand: 150 m diameter 1000 m
Table 17-13 Requirements for chemically active materials (storage) Chemically Active Material SO2 H2S NO2
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
equipment under specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II means that the duration of semi-sine impact response spectrum is 6 ms.
l Static payload refers to the capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in
17-12
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Table 17-15 Requirements for the climate (transportation) Item Temperature Temperature change rate Relative humidity Altitude Air pressure Solar radiation Thermal radiation Wind speed Requirement -40C to +70C 3C/min 5% to 100% 5,000 m 70106 kPa 1,120 W/s2 600 W/s2 30 m/s
The packing case should be intact. Waterproofing measures should be taken appropriately to prevent rainwater from damaging the packing case. Water should not be accumulated inside the transportation vehicle.
The environment should not be conducive to the growth of fungus or mildew. There should not be rodents, such as rats.
There should not be explosive, conductive, magneto-conductive, or corrosive dust in the air. The density of physically active materials should comply with the requirements listed in Table 17-16. The density of chemically active materials should comply with the requirements listed in Table 17-17.
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
17-13
Table 17-16 Requirements for physically active materials (transportation) Physically Active Material Suspended dust Falling dust Sand
NOTE
l Suspended dust: diameter 75 um l Falling dust: 75 um diameter 150 um l Sand: 150 m diameter 1000 m
Table 17-17 Requirements for chemically active materials (transportation) Chemically Active Material SO2 H2S NO2 NH3 Cl2 HCI HF O3 Unit mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 Density 0.30 0.10 0.50 1.00 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.05
9-200 Hz
200-500 Hz
Unsteady impact
NOTE
l Impact response spectrum refers to the maximum acceleration response curve generated by the
equipment under specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II means that the duration of semi-sine impact response spectrum is 6 ms.
l Static payload refers to the capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in
Climatic Requirements
Table 17-20 and Table 17-19 list the requirements for operating the BSC. Table 17-19 Temperature and humidity requirements Temperature Longterm 0C to +45C
NOTE
l The temperature and humidity are measured 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in front of the equipment,
Specifications 4,000 m
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 17-15
Item Air pressure Temperature change rate Solar radiation Thermal radiation Wind speed
The environment should not be conducive for the growth of fungus or mildew. There should not be rodents, such as rats.
There should be no explosive, conductive, magneto-conductive, or corrosive dust in the air. The density of physically active materials should comply with the requirements listed in Table 17-21. The density of chemically active materials should comply with the requirements listed in Table 17-22.
Table 17-21 Requirements for physically active materials (operating) Physically Active Material Dust particles
NOTE Dust particles: diameter 5 m
Unit Particles/m3
Table 17-22 Requirements for chemically active materials (operating) Chemically Active Material SO2 H2S
17-16
equipment under specified impact excitation. Impact response spectrum II means that the duration of semi-sine impact response spectrum is 6 ms.
l Static payload refers to the capability of the equipment in package to bear the pressure from the top in
17.8.4 Technical Specifications of the BSC High-Power Distribution Box The technical specifications of the BSC high-power distribution box consist of the input specifications and output specifications.
Two Ethernet adapters are integrated into the main board and work in active/standby mode. The other two Ethernet adapters are inserted into the PCI slots and work in active/standby mode.
Table 17-25 Hardware configuration specifications of the GBAM (Huawei C5210) Parameter CPU Memory Hard disk capacity Ethernet adapter Description Double-CPU, CPU clock speed: 2.4 GHz 2 GB 2 x 146 GB RAID1 Three or four Ethernet adapters are configured.
l
Two Ethernet adapters are integrated into the main board and work in active/standby mode. The other Ethernet adapter is inserted into a PCI slot and works independently. Alternatively, the other two Ethernet adapters are inserted into the PCI slots and work in active/standby mode.
17-18
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
Table 17-26 Hardware configuration specifications of the GBAM (HP CC3310) Parameter CPU Memory Hard disk capacity Ethernet adapter Description Double-CPU, CPU clock speed: 2.4 GHz 2 GB 2 x 46 G RAID1 Three Ethernet adapters are configured.
l
Two Ethernet adapters are integrated into the main board and work in active/standby mode. The other Ethernet adapter is inserted into a PCI slot and works independently.
l l
It takes about two minutes to restart the GBAM after its upgrade. It takes about five minutes to restart the GBAM due to its failure.
17-19
Value Two routes of -48 V DC with redundancy configuration (provided by the backplane of the subrack) 90 W 3.5 kg -5C to +40C 0C to +50C 5% to 85% RH 5% to 95% RH
Power Consumption Weight Temperature in long-term operation Temperature in short-term operation Relative humidity in long-term operation Relative humidity in short-term operation
Table 17-29 lists the performance specifications of the GOMU. Table 17-29 Performance specifications of the GOMU Specification Initial backup time of the GOMU Value Less than 30 minutes The initial backup time of the GOMU refers to the initial time for backing up the script files. This parameter is related to the file size and the difference between the files in the active and standby GOMUs. Switchover time between the active and standby GOMUs 2 to 3 minutes The switchover time between the active and standby GOMUs refers to time between the switchover request is accepted and the switchover operation is complete. The switchover time consists of the following segments:
l l l
Switchover negotiation time Stopping process time Start time of the new active GOMU
Table 17-30 Technical specifications of the BSC power distribution box Item Input specifications Sub Item Rated input voltage Input voltage Input mode Maximum input current Specification -48 V DC -40 V DC to -57 V DC Two -48 V DC inputs Two inputs, each of which has a maximum input current of 100 A -48 V DC -40 V DC to -57 V DC Six groups of independent power output: Each group consists of one -48 V output and one RTN output. The output of current is controlled by a switch, which performs short-circuiting functions. When the total current of the six groups of power output is smaller than 100 A, the maximum current of each power output is 70 A. The current at the overcurrent protection point is 87.5 A. You need to restore the default value manually. 4,800 W in hot backup mode
Output specifications
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)
17-21
Item
Specification Two groups of power inputs: A and B. Group A consists of the power inputs A1+A2 and A3. Group B consists of the power inputs B1+B2 and B3. Each group has one to two -48 V DC/-60 V DC power inputs. The maximum rated input current of each route is 100 A. -48 V DC or -60 V DC -40 V DC to -72 V DC Two groups of power outputs: A and B. Each group has one to three -48 V DC/-60 V DC power outputs. The maximum rated output current of each output is 50 A and that of each group is 100 A. Each output is controlled by the MCBs: A8-A10 and B8-B10. These MCBs provide the overcurrent protection function.
Maximum input current Output specifications Rated output voltage Output voltage Independent output
The current at the overcurrent protection point is 70 A. You need to restore the default value manually. 9,600 W (Two groups of power outputs: A and B. Each group has two 48 V DC power outputs.)
NOTE For group A, power inputs A1+A2 correspond to power outputs A1-A8, and power input A3 corresponds to power outputs A9-A10. Similarly, for group B, power inputs B1+B2 correspond to power outputs B1B8, and power input B3 corresponds to power outputs B9-B10.
17-22
Issue 04 (2010-05-20)