Limba engleza Pentru rezolvarea corecta a tuturor cerintelor din Partea I si din Partea a II-a se acorda 90 de puncte.

. Din oficiu se acorda 10 puncte. PARTEA I 48 de puncte

I. 1. Read the texts and choose the right title for each from the list below: (18 puncte)

HOW PAPER IS MADE; THE EARLIEST BOOKS; MANUSCRIPTS; RECYCLING PAPER; THE GUTENBERG GALAXY; HOW PAPER IS MADE A. By the time of the Middle Ages writing had reached a very high standard, most of the scribes being religious men and spent many hours on copying and decorating one page alone. Libraries made a practice of chaining books to the shelves so that they could not be removed from the building. B. The plant fibres in paper come mainly from trees. Rags are also used to make paper and wastepaper can be reused to make new paper. Recycled paper is made from wastepaper. C. Nowadays texts are typed into a computer which sends signals to a laser printer. The printer prints the words onto a plastic, light-sensitive film, called the type film. D. A sheet of paper consists of vegetable fibres of different sizes. Originally, if a mixture of wood pulp and water was spread on a sieve, the water would drain away and leave a deposit which, when dry, could be peeled off as a sheet of paper. E. In about 1456, Johannes Gutenburg published copies of the Bible printed on a printing press. Printing spread rapidly throughout Europe, and by the end of the century there were more than 200 presses. Books, newspapers, magazines, periodicals spread information quickly and efficiently all over the world. F. The earliest books were written on tablets of wood or strips of bark. In Greece and Rome these tablets were covered with wax, and the writing impressed on them with a pin. The earliest books written on these materials took the form of a continuous strip, rolled from one cylinder to another. They were called scrolls. I 1.b Match the words in bold in the text to their definition given below. (20 puncte) 1. a worthless piece of cloth, especially one that is torn or worn.(pl.) 2. the art, process, or business of producing books, newspapers by impression from movable types, plates. 3. the external covering of the woody stems, branches, and roots of plants, as distinct and separable from the wood itself. 4. at the present day; in these times. 5. a solid, yellowish, secreted by bees, employed in making candles.

6. paper thrown away as useless. 7. a thin slab of wood, metal fixed horizontally to a wall or in a frame, for supporting objects.(pl.) 8. an output device that produces a paper copy of alphanumeric or graphic data. 9. any combination or blend of different elements, kinds, qualities. 10. to move from one place to another.(V3) I 1.c For the following sentences, choose the answer (A, B, C, D) which fits according to the text. (10 puncte) 1. A scrib was: a) a person b) a religious person c) a teacher d) a doctor 2. Writing and decorating a page by hand in the Middle Ages took: a) days b) month c) hours d) weeks 3. The books were chained to the shelves to prevent people from: a) removing them b) reading them c) writing on them d)tearing pages from them 4. In order to make new paper the following are used: a) old paper b) rags c) wastepaper d) rags and wastepaper. 5. Johannes Gutenburg published copies of the Bible in: a) 1654 b) 1564 c) 1546 d) 1456 6. Printing spread rapidly throughout: a) Europe b) half the Europe c) America d) England 7. How many presses were there by the end of the 15th century ? a) around 200 b) more than 200 c) less than 200 d) exactly 200 8. In Greece and Rome the tablets were covered with: a) sand b) bark c) wax d) mud 9. On these tablets the writing was impressed on them with: a) pin b) pen c) pencil d) needle 10. The material that takes the form of a continuous strip, rolled from one cylinder to another is called: a) manuscript b) book c) letter d) scroll.
PARTEA a II- a 42 de puncte

II 1.a Write the answers. (22 puncte) 1. Name one advantage of publishing lots of books, magazines. 2. Name one disadvantage of publishing lots of books, magazines. II.1.b Explain your choice in no more than 10 lines. (20 puncte) Which of the following metaphors do you prefer in connection with a book? An island? A world? A safety-belt? A mirror? An open window?