MSC - Nastran 2005 r2 Release Guide Addendum

MSC.
Nastran 2005 r2
Release Guide Addendum
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NA*V2005r2*Z*Z*Z*DC-ADD
C O N T E N T S
MSC.Nastran 2005 r2 Release Guide Addendum

Table of Contents
Preface s List of MSC.Nastran Books, vi
s Technical Support, vii
s Internet Resources, ix
1
Thermal Contact s Release Guide Introduction, 2
s Thermal Contact Analysis in MSC.Nastran, 3
Introduction, 3
Input , 3
Executive Control Statements, 5
Case Control Commands, 5
Bulk Data Entries, 5
Recommendations, 26
Limitations, 27
Example Problems, 28
2
Thermal Analysis s Spatial Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficient, 30
Introduction, 30
Input, 30
Example, 33
s Two-Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient Tabular Function, 39
Introduction, 39
Input, 39
Basic Theory and Methods, 44
Example Free Convection of a Horizontal Cylinder
(fconv_axi_2dtable.dat), 45
s Flux Output Modification for Thermal Analysis, 47
Introduction, 47
Input, 47
Output, 48
Basic Theory and Methods, 48
Example Free Convection of a Cube (fconv_cube.dat), 50
MSC.Nastran 2005 r2 Release Guide Addendum
Table of Contents
Guidelines, 52
INDEX MSC.Nastran Release Guide , 55
MSC.Nastran 2005 r2 Release Guide
Preface
s List of MSC.Nastran Books
s Technical Support
s Internet Resources

vi
List of MSC.Nastran Books
Below is a list of some of the MSC.Nastran documents. You may order any of these
documents from the MSC.Software BooksMart site at www.engineering-e.com.
Installation and Release Guides
Installation and Operations Guide
Release Guide
Reference Books
Quick Reference Guide
DMAP Programmers Guide
Reference Manual
Users Guides
Getting Started
Linear Static Analysis
Basic Dynamic Analysis
Advanced Dynamic Analysis
Design Sensitivity and Optimization
Thermal Analysis
Numerical Methods
Aeroelastic Analysis
Superelement
User Modifiable
Toolkit
Implicit Nonlinear (SOL 600)
vii Preface
Technical Support
For help with installing or using an MSC.Software product, contact your local
technical support services. Our technical support provides the following services:
Resolution of installation problems
Advice on specific analysis capabilities
Advice on modeling techniques
Resolution of specific analysis problems (e.g., fatal messages)
Verification of code error.
If you have concerns about an analysis, we suggest that you contact us at an early
stage.
You can reach technical support services on the web, by telephone, or e-mail:
Web Go to the MSC.Software website at www.mscsoftware.com, and click on Support.
Here, you can find a wide variety of support resources including application
examples, technical application notes, available training courses, and documentation
updates at the MSC.Software Training, Technical Support, and Documentation web
page.
Phone
and
Fax
Email Send a detailed description of the problem to the email address below that
corresponds to the product you are using. You should receive an acknowledgement
that your message was received, followed by an email from one of our Technical
Support Engineers.
United States
Telephone: (800) 732-7284
Fax: (714) 784-4343
Frimley, Camberley
Surrey, United Kingdom
Telephone: (44) (1276) 67 10 00
Fax: (44) (1276) 69 11 11
Munich, Germany
Telephone: (49) (89) 43 19 87 0
Fax: (49) (89) 43 61 71 6
Tokyo, Japan
Telephone: (81) (03) 6911 1200
Fax: (81) (03) 6911 1201
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Fax: (390) (6) 5 91 25 05
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Fax: (34) (91) 5567280

viii
Training
The MSC Institute of Technology is the world's largest global supplier of
CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM training products and services for the product design,
analysis and manufacturing market. We offer over 100 courses through a global
network of education centers. The Institute is uniquely positioned to optimize your
investment in design and simulation software tools.
Our industry experienced expert staff is available to customize our course offerings to
meet your unique training requirements. For the most effective training, The Institute
also offers many of our courses at our customer's facilities.
The MSC Institute of Technology is located at:
2 MacArthur Place
Santa Ana, CA 92707
Phone: (800) 732-7211
Fax: (714) 784-4028
The Institute maintains state-of-the-art classroom facilities and individual computer
graphics laboratories at training centers throughout the world. All of our courses
emphasize hands-on computer laboratory work to facility skills development.
We specialize in customized training based on our evaluation of your design and
simulation processes, which yields courses that are geared to your business.
In addition to traditional instructor-led classes, we also offer video and DVD courses,
interactive multimedia training, web-based training, and a specialized instructor's
program.
Course Information and Registration. For detailed course descriptions, schedule
information, and registration call the Training Specialist at (800) 732-7211 or visit
www.mscsoftware.com.
MSC.Patran Support
MSC.Nastran Support
MSC.Nastran for Windows Support
MSC.visualNastran Desktop 2D Support
MSC.visualNastran Desktop 4D Support
MSC.Dytran Support
MSC.Fatigue Support
MSC.Interactive Physics Support
MSC.Marc Support
MSC.Mvision Support
MSC.SuperForge Support
MSC Institute Course Information
mscpatran.support@mscsoftware.com
mscnastran.support@mscsoftware.com
vn4w.support@mscsoftware.com
vn2d.support@mscsoftware.com
vndesktop.support@mscsoftware.com
mscdytran.support@mscsoftware.com
mscfatigue.support@mscsoftware.com
ip.support@mscsoftware.com
mscmarc.support@mscsoftware.com
mscmvision.support@mscsoftware.com
mscsuperforge.support@mscsoftware.com
msctraining.support@mscsoftware.com
ix Preface
Internet Resources
MSC.Software (www.mscsoftware.com)
MSC.Software corporate site with information on the latest events, products and
services for the CAD/CAE/CAM marketplace.
Simulation Center (simulate.engineering-e.com)
Simulate Online. The Simulation Center provides all your simulation, FEA, and other
engineering tools over the Internet.
Engineering-e.com (www.engineering-e.com)
Engineering-e.com is the first virtual marketplace where clients can find engineering
expertise, and engineers can find the goods and services they need to do their job
CATIASOURCE (plm.mscsoftware.com)
Your SOURCE for Total Product Lifecycle Management Solutions.

x
MSC.Nastran 2004 r3 Release Guidex
CHAPTER
1
Thermal Contact
s Release Guide Introduction
s Thermal Contact Analysis in MSC.Nastran
2

1.1 Release Guide Introduction
This addendum to the MSC.Nastran 2005 r2 Release Guide is intended to provide
information that was inadvertently left out of the MSC.Nastran 2005 r2 Release Guide.
Documentation for Thermal Contact Analysis has been provided and updates have
been made to the Spatial Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficient, Two-Variable Heat
Transfer Coefficient Tabular Function, and Flux Output Modification for Thermal
Analysis sections.
3 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
1.2 Thermal Contact Analysis in MSC.Nastran
Introduction
The thermal coupling mechanisms of MSC.Nastran are enhanced by supporting the
modeling of thermal contact analysis. There are three possible thermal contact
conditions: True touching, Near and Far. Current MSC.Nastran thermal analysis
does not address these possibilities but MSC.Nastran SOL 600 does. This project
applies thermal contact capabilities using the new MSC.Nastran SOL 600 interface.
SOL 600 is a method by which an MSC.Nastran user can access many of the
capabilities of contact without needing to create an additional input file. For thermal
contact, the first portion of SOL 600 remains the same. A SOL 600 inputfile is created
and executed. SOL 600 assesses the state of thermal contact to determine whether
bodies are in true contact, near contact or far away. A special SOL 600 file named the
.nthcnt file is generated with this information and other associated data. After SOL
600 execution, a subroutine reads the nthcnt file and creates standard MSC.Nastran
heat transfer entities related to the contact status such as CELAS2, CHBDYP, PHBDY,
CONV, PCONV, MAT4, etc. The additional MSC.Nastran input data is saved in an
include file with the extension .ink. The primary MSC.Nastran job then forms a new
MSC.Nastran input file named jid.nast.dat (where jid is the original input name),
deletes the BCONTACT Case Control commands (see below), adds a statement for the
include file, jid.ink, and spawns off a second MSC.Nastran job from the primary
MSC.Nastran run. Results for the secondary MSC.Nastran run are the desired
outputs. All possible MSC.Nastran outputs are available and are selected by
standard. For example, op2, xdb, punch, f06, etc. are all available.
Input
In order to run an MSC.Nastran thermal contact analysis the following items must be
input to the original MSC.Nastran input file:
Executive Control statements
Change SOL 153 to SOL 600,153 for steady state thermal analysis.
Change SOL 159 to SOL 600,159 for transient thermal analysis.
Case Control commands
Insert BCONTACT=0 above any SUBCASE statement (if present). If
SUBCASE is not present, it can go anywhere in the Case Control.
Only one subcase is allowed.
4

For Far Thermal Contact mode, SPC and TEMPERATURE(INITIAL)
commands must be defined for steady state thermal analysis; SPC and IC
commands must be defined for transient thermal analysis.
Bulk Data entries Include the following entries:
BSURF entries as described in the MSC.Nastran Quick Reference Guide.
BCBODY entries as described below (these have been modified from what is
shown in the MSC.Nastran Quick Reference Guide).
BCTABLE entries as described below (these have been modified from what
is shown in the MSC.Nastran Quick Reference Guide).
An optional TCNTPRM entry as described below (this is a new entry).
An optional File in same directory as your MSC.Nastran input file.
This file must be named heatm.rc (lower case).
This file is required only when the parameter MARHEATM=1 (see below).
This file is used as the rc file to control the second

MSC.Nastran job.
As a minimum this file should contain the following lines:
Batch=no
Memory=xxxx (required memory for your job unless it is a small
job.)
Additional lines that are frequently used:
scr=yes
out=jid (where jid is the name of the original MSC.Nastran job.)
Note: if out=jid is not included, a set of files named jid.nast.dat,
jid.nast.f06, jid.nast.f04, jid.nast.log, jid.nast.op2, etc. contains the
final results. If out=jid is included, then jid.nast.dat, jid.f06, jid.f04,
jid.log, jid.op2, etc. contain the final results and jid.f06.1, jid.f04.1,
jid.log.1 contain the information for the primary MSC.Nastran
execution. For both cases jid.marc.dat, jid.marc.out, jid.marc.sts,
jid.marc.log, jid.marc.nthcnt and jid.marc.t16 contain the SOL 600
information.
These jobs should not be run using outdir defined.
These jobs should be run on the same machine where MSC.Nastran resides.
These jobs must use a single processor for both MSC.Nastran and SOL 600.
5 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
Executive Control Statements
Specify SOL 600,153 for steady state thermal analysis and SOL 600,159 for transient
thermal analysis.
Case Control Commands
BCONTACT
For thermal contact the only allowed option is
BCONTACT=0
All other forms of this entry are not valid for thermal contact. BCONTACT=0 means
that a SOL 600 Contact Table will be input to SOL 600s Model Definition section
rather than in the history definition. This is required because the initial contact status
is the only item examined.
IC
This command must be specified for the transient models with far thermal contact
mode.
SPC
This command must be specified for far thermal contact mode.
TEMPERATURE(INITIAL)
This command must be specified for the steady state models with far thermal contact
mode.
Bulk Data Entries
Please consult the MSC.Nastran Quick Reference Guidefor BSURF entries. These are
the same for thermal contact as for structural contact.
BSURF Defines a Contact Surface
BCTABLE Defines a contact table
6

Format:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BCTABLE
ID
NGROUP
SLAVE
IDSLA1 ERROR FNTOL
FRIC
CINTERF
IGLUE
ISEARCH ICOORD JGLUE TOLID DQNEAR DISTID
FRLIM BIAS SLIDE
HARDS
HTC HCV HNC BNC EMISS HBL
MASTERS
IDMA1
IDMA2 IDMA3 IDMA4 IDMA5
IDMA6 IDMA7
IDMA8
IDMA9
...
Field Contents
ID ID corresponding to a Case Control BCONTACT entry for the subcase
to which this data applies. See Remark 6. (Integer, required)
NGROUP
(2,1) [2,1]
Flag to indicate if the continuation entries SLAVE and MASTERS
are entered or not. Zero means no continuation entries are entered.
Any positive integer means one or more sets of slave/master entries
are entered. (Integer; Default = 1)
SLAVE Indicates that this line defines the touching body and its parameters.
IDSLA1 (4,1)
[3,1]
Identification number of a BCBODY Bulk Data entry defining the
touching body. (Integer > 0)
ERROR
(3,2) [3,2]
Distance below which a node is considered touching a body. Default =
blank, automatic calculation) (Real)
FNTOL
(3,5) [5,1]
Separation force above which a node separates from a body. Default =
maximum residual force) (Real).
FRIC
(3,4) [5,2]
Friction coefficient (Real > 0.0; Default =0.0)
CINTERF
(3,6) [5,3]
Interference closure amount, normal to the contact surface. Default =
0.0)
CINTERF > 0.0 overlap between bodies; CINTERF < 0.0 gap between
bodies. (Real)
7 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
IGLUE
(3,7) [3,7]
Flag to activate glue option. (Integer > 0; Default = 0, no glue option)
1. Activates the glue option. In the glue option, all degrees of
freedom of the contact nodes are tied in case of deformable-
deformable contact once the node comes in contact. The
relative tangential motion of a contact node is zero in case of
deformable-rigid contact.
2. Activates a special glue option to insure that there is no
relative tangential and normal displacement when a node
comes into contact. An existing initial gap or overlap between
the node and the contacted body will not be removed, as the
node will not be projected onto the contacted body.
ISEARCH
(3,8) [3.8]
Enter a value of 1 to indicate that the searching order for deformable
contact bodies is from the touching body to the touched bodies. Enter
2 to let the program decide which searching order is optimal for
deformable bodies. (Integer; Default = 2)
ICOORD
(3,9), [3,9]
Enter 1 to modify the coordinates of a node in contact with a
deformable body so that stress-free initial contact can be obtained.
Enter 2 to extend the tangential error tolerance at sharp corners of
deformable bodies to delay sliding off a contacted segment. Enter 3 to
have both 1 and 2 active. (Integer; Default 0)
JGLUE
(3,10) [3,10]
This option is only relevant if the glue option is invoked (IGLUE > 0).
Enter 0 if a node should not separate. Enter 1 to invoke the standard
separation behavior based on the maximum residual force. (Integer;
Default = 0)
TOLID
(4,2) [4,2]
Contact tolerance table ID. Used in heat transfer analysis only.
(Integer; Default = 0, which means no table ID)
DQNEAR (3,3)
[3,3]
Distance below which near thermal contact behavior occurs. Used in
heat transfer analysis only. Default = 0 which means near contact does
not occur) (Real)
DISTID
(4,3) [4,3]
Contact near distance table ID. Used in heat transfer analysis only.
(Integer; Default = 0 which means no table ID)
8

FRLIM
[5,4]
Friction stress limit. This entry is only used for friction type 6
(Coulomb friction using the bilinear model). If the shear stress due to
friction reaches this limit value, then the applied friction force will be
reduced so that the maximum friction stress is given by, with the
friction coefficient and the contact normal stress. (Real, Default =
1.0E20)
BIAS
[5,5]
Contact tolerance bias (value between 0.0 and 1.0). A non-blank entry
will override the BIAS entered on the BCBODY entry. (Real, no
default)
SLIDE
[5,6]
Delayed slide off distance (Real, Default see next few sentences).
This entry should not be made unless ICOORD=2 (see above). When
using the delayed slide off option, a node sliding on a segment will
slide off this segment only if it passes the node (2-D) or edge (3-D) at a
sharp corner over a distance larger than the delayed slide off distance.
By default, the delayed slide off distance is related to the dimensions
of the contacted segment by a 20 percent increase of its isoparametric
domain.
HARDS
[5,7]
Hard-soft ratio. This entry is only used if double-sided contact with
automatic constraint optimization is used, as defined on the BCBODY
entry. The hard-soft ratio can be used by the program if there is a
significant difference in the (average) stiffness of the contact bodies
(expressed by the trace of the initial stress-strain law). If the ratio of
the stiffness is larger than the hard-soft ratio, the nodes of the softest
body are the preferred slave nodes. (Real, Default = 2.0)
HTC
[7,1] /[8,1]
Contact heat transfer coefficient. If real, the value entered is the
contact heat transfer coefficient. If integer, the value entered is the ID
of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the contact heat transfer coefficient vs.
temperature. (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0 for a heat transfer
problem, omit for a structural problem)
HCV
[7,2)]/[8,2]
Convection coefficient for near field behavior. If real, the value
entered is the near field convection coefficient. If integer, the value
entered is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the near field
convection coefficient vs. temperature. (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0
for a heat transfer problem, omit for a structural problem)
9 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
Remarks:
1. BCTABLE defines surface contact. Line contact is not available. At present
beam-beam, beam-shell and beam-solid contact is not available.
2. BCTABLE is required for thermal contact.
3. Fields 3 and 4 of the first line are not available for thermal contact.
4. NGROUP is required. For thermal contact NGROUP must be zero.
5. For MSC.Nastran thermal contact analysis, parameters SIGMA and TABS
must be specified if EMISS is not zero.
6. The maximum number of touching bodies is 99.
HNC
[7,3] /[8,3]
Natural convection coefficient for near field behavior. If real, the value
entered is the near field natural convection coefficient. If integer, the
value entered is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the near field
natural convection coefficient vs. temperature. (Real or Integer;
Default = 0.0 for a heat transfer problem, omit for a structural
problem)
BNC
[7,4] /[8,4]
Exponent associated with the natural convection coefficient for near
field behavior (Real; Default = 1.0 for a heat transfer problem, omit for
a structural problem).
EMISS
[7,5]/[8,5]
Emissivity for radiation to the environment or near thermal radiation.
If real, the value entered is the emissivity. If integer, the value entered
is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the emissivity vs.
temperature. (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0 for a heat transfer
problem, omit for a structural problem)
HBL
[7,6]/[8,6]
Separation distance dependent thermal convection coefficient. If real,
the value entered is the separation distance dependent thermal
convection coefficient. If integer, the value entered is the ID of a
TABLEM1 entry specifying the separation distance dependent
thermal convection coefficient. (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0 for a
heat transfer problem, omit for a structural problem)
MASTERS Indicates the start of the list of bodies touched by touching body
IDSLA1.
IDMAi
(4,i) [15,I]
Identification numbers of BCBODY Bulk Data entries defining
touched bodies (Integer > 0).
10

7. (i,j) indicates the ith datablock jth field of SOL 600s CONTACT TABLE
(without tables) history definition. [i,j] indicates SOL 600s Contact Table
(with Tables). Heat transfer options require MSC.Nastran and SOL 600
licensing. All heat transfer options pertain to SOL 600 Contact Table with
Tables.
Use only as many forms (i.e. HEAT, PATCH3D, BEZIER, POLY, CYLIND, SPHERE,
NURBS2, or NURBS) as necessary to describe the body (if rigid). Deformable bodies
are described using as many standard elements as necessary and are specified by the
BSID field with BEHAV=DEFORM (only the first line should be entered for
deformable bodies). The RIGID header may be used with any of the other rigid
entries but only once per body. See Remark 5 for an important note regarding how to
define the outward direction of rigid bodies (which must point towards a flexible
body for contact to occur).
The order by which the bodies are defined is important for flexible surfaces. Fine grid
surfaces must be defined first and coarse grid surfaces last. Order the bodes from the
most fine to most coarse grids
Examples (of Deformable and Rigid Contact):
Example 1 Typical deformable body
BCBODY Defines a Flexible or Rigid contact Body in 2D or 3D
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
BCBODY
BID DIM
BEHAV
BSID ISTYP FRIC IDSPL
CONTROL
NLOAD ANGVEL DCOS1
DCOS2 DCOS3
VELRB1 VELRB2 VELRB3
RIGID
CGID NENT Rigid Body Name
HEAT
CFILM TSINK
CHEAT TBODY
HCV HNC ITYPE
BNC EMISS HBL
BCBODY
1
DEFORM
101 0 .05
11 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
Example 2 Simple 4-node rigid patch (see note 5 for rigid bodies)
BCBODY
2 RIGID 102 0 .08
RIGID 301 302 303 304
Field Contents
BID
(4,1)
Contact body identification number referenced by BCTABLE,
BCHANGE, or BCMOVE. (Integer > 0, Required)
DIM Dimension of body (Integer, Default = 3).
DIM=2 Planar (2D) body in x-y plane of the basic coordinate system,
composed of 2D elements or curves.
DIM=3 Any 3D body composed of rigid surfaces, shell elements or
solid elements.
BEHAV
(4,8)
Behavior of curve or surface. DEFORM body is deformable, RIGID
body is rigid, SYMM body is a symmetry body, ACOUS indicates an
acoustic body, WORK indicates body is a workpiece, HEAT indicates
body is a heat-rigid body. (Character, Default = DEFORM)
BSID Identification number of a BSURF, BCBOX, BCPROP or BCMATL entry
if BEHAV=DEFORM. (Integer > 0)
ISTYP
(4,3)
Check of contact conditions. (Integer > 0; Default = 2 for deformable
and 0 for rigid)
For a deformable body
=0 symmetric penetration, double sided contact.
=1 unsymmetric penetration, single sided contact (Integer>0).
=2 Double-sided contact with automatic optimization of contact
constraint equations.
For a rigid body
=0 no symmetry condition on rigid body.
=1 rigid body is a symmetry plane.
FRIC
(6,7)
Friction coefficient. (Real > 0; Default = 0)
12

IDSPL
(4,5)
Activates the SPLINE (analytic) option for a deformable body (Integer;
Default = 0).
=0 or blank, SPLINE option is turned off.
= 1, The body is smoothed out with splines (2D) or Coons surfaces.
> 1 Identification number of a BLSEG entry that lists nodes on edges of
the body which are excluded from the SPLINE option. These nodes are
entered in pairs. For a quad surface (for example CQUAD4 or edge of a
CHEXA), usually 4 sets of nodal pairs are needed to describe the
surface. For example a CQUAD4 with grid numbering 1,2,4,3 would
need pairs of nodes 1,2 2,3, 4,3, and 3,1. The nodal pairs may be
entered in any order. For related information please see, MSC.Marc
Volume C SPLINE option documentation.
CONTROL
(4,6)
Indicates the type of control for the body (Integer),
= -1 for position control, =0 for velocity control,
= positive number for load control (the positive number is the grid
number which has displacement degrees of freedom controlling the
body). The position of this grid is at the center of rotation given in the
CGID field. The velocity/displacement of the body must be specified
by the VELRBi fields rather than SPCD.
NLOAD
(4,7)
Enter a positive number if load controlled and rotations are allowed
(Integer). The positive number is the grid number which has the
rotation(s) of the body as degrees of freedom. The position of this grid
is at the center of rotation given in the CGID field.
ANGVEL
(6,1)
Angular velocity or angular position about local axis through center of
rotation. (Real; Default = 0.0)
DCOS1
(6,4)
3D - First component direction cosine of local axis if ANGVEL is
nonzero. 2D -- First coordinate of initial position of rotation of rigid
body. (Real)
DCOS2
(6,5)
3D -- Second component direction cosine of local axis if ANGVEL is
nonzero 2D -- Second coordinate of initial position of rotation of rigid
body (Real).
DCOS3
(6,6)
3D -- Third component direction cosine of local axis if ANGVEL is
nonzero 2D -- Not used. (Real)
VELRB1
(5,4)
2D & 3D -- Velocity or final position (depending on the value of
CONTROL) of rigid body in first direction. (Real)
Field Contents
13 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
VELRB2
(5,5)
2D & 3D -- Velocity or final position (depending on the value of
CONTROL) of rigid body in second direction. (Real)
VELRB3
(5,6)
3D -- Velocity or final position (depending on the value of CONTROL)
of rigid body in third direction. (Real)
2D -- Not used
RIGID The entries of this continuation line are for the rigid body description.
(See Remark 5.)
CGID
(5,i) i=1,2,3
(4,6)
Grid point identification number defining the initial position of the
center of rotation for the rigid body or the point where a concentrated
force or moment is applied.
NENT
(4,2)
Number of geometric entities to describe this rigid surface. A rigid
surface can be described by multiple sets of patches, nurbs, etc. For
example if it takes 3 sets of PATCH3D entries to describe a rigid surface,
then set NENT=3. (Integer>0; Default=1)
Rigid Body
Name
(4,9)
Name associated with the rigid body. (Default is blank, 24-characters
maximum.)
HEAT The entries of this continuation line(s) are for contact in heat transfer.
Do not enter these line(s) for structural analyses.
CFILM
(9,1) /(10,1)
Heat transfer coefficient (film) to environment (Real or Integer;
Default=0.0 for a heat transfer problem, omit for a structural problem) If
real, the value entered is the film coefficient. If integer, the value
entered is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the heat transfer
coefficient vs. temperature. This is usually called Hcve in the SOL 600
documentation.
TSINK
(9,2) /(10,2)
Environment sink temperature (Real; Default = 0.0 for a heat transfer
problem, omit for a structural problem).
CHEAT
(9,3) /(10,3)
Contact heat transfer coefficient (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0 for a heat
transfer problem, omit for a structural problem). If real, the value
entered is the contact heat transfer coefficient. If integer, the value
entered is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the contact heat
transfer coefficient vs. temperature.
TBODY
(9,4) /(10,4)
Body temperature. (Real: Default = 0.0 for a heat transfer problem, omit
for a structural problem).
Field Contents
14

Remarks:
1. Named continuation entries are ignored for a deformable curve or surface
(BEHAV=DEFO), except for HEAT.
2. The grid CGID is the reference grid for the rigid body motion. Loads and
enforced motion must be defined in the global coordinate system of CGID.
3. Continuation lines are required for thermal contact.
4. BCBODY is recognized only in SOL 600 and SOL 700.
HCV
(9,5) /(10,5)
Convection coefficient for near field behavior. If real, the value entered
is the near field convection coefficient. If integer, the value entered is
the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the near field convection
coefficient vs. temperature. (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0 for a heat
transfer problem, omit for a structural problem)
HNC
(9,6) /(10,6)
Natural convection coefficient for near field behavior. If real, the value
entered is the near field natural convection coefficient. If integer, the
value entered is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the near field
natural convection coefficient vs. temperature. (Real or Integer; Default
= 0.0 for a heat transfer problem, omit for a structural problem)
ITYPE
[4,8]
An optional entry for heat transfer only (Integer, no default).
1 Heat sink
4 Heat conduction body
BNC
(9,7) /(10,7)
Exponent associated with the natural convection coefficient for near
field behavior. (Real; Default = 1.0 for a heat transfer problem, omit for
a structural problem)
EMISS
(9,8)/(10,8)
Emissivity for radiation to the environment or near thermal radiation. If
real, the value entered is the emissivity. If integer, the value entered is
the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the emissivity versus
temperature. (Real or integer; Default = 0.0 for a heat transfer problem,
omit for a structural problem)
HBL
(7,6)/(8,6)
Separation distance dependent thermal convection coefficient. If real,
the value entered is a convection coefficient. If integer, the value
entered is the ID of a TABLEM1 entry specifying the convection
coefficient versus temperature. (Real or Integer; Default = 0.0 for a heat
transfer problem, omit for a structural problem)
Field Contents
15 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
5. WARNING: For rigid contact, the right hand rule determines the interior
side of the rigid surface. A deformable surface which contacts a rigid
surface must be on the exterior side of the rigid surface (i.e. in the direction
opposite to the right hand rule). If a rigid surface is described backwards,
contact will not occur because the deformable body is already inside the
rigid body at the start of the analysis. For 3D patches, if all need to be
reversed, the parameter PARAM,MARCREVR,1 may be entered to
automatically reverse all 3D patches.
6. (i,j) refers to data block i and field j of SOL 600s CONTACT model definition
entry. IDSPL covers the SPLINE history definition in SOL 600. For
structural analysis (i,j) refers to contact without tables. For heat transfer (i,j)
refers to contact with tables.
7. The heat transfer options are available starting with MSC.Nastran and must
use SOL 600 licensing. Heat transfer uses SOL 600s Contact with Tables.
8. For MSC.Nastran thermal contact analysis, parameters SIGMA and TABS
must be specified if EMISS is not zero.
9. For heat transfer items described using a TABLEM1 ID, the smallest value in
the table will be entered into SOL 600s 9th contact (with tables) datablock.
The table ID will be translated directly to SOL 600s 10th contact (with tables)
datablock.
Overrides default values of parameters for thermal contact resistance.
Format:
Example:
TCNTPRM Parameters for thermal contact resistance
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TCNTPRM PARAM1
VAL1
PARAM2
VAL2
PARAM3
VAL3
PARAM4
VAL4
PARAM5
VAL5
PARAM6
VAL6
PARAM7
VAL7
PARAM8
VAL8
TCNTPRM
OCELAS
1500
OMAT4
200
ORADBC
9000
16

Remarks:
1. The TCNTPRM entry changes the default starting IDs of the elements,
properties, or scalar points that are generated internally for thermal contact
resistance. None of the parameters of this entry are required. The default
settings should be changed when the IDs are conflicting with the existing
entries. Only one TCNTPRM entry is allowed in the Bulk Data Section.
2. The numbering starts with the offset value + 1.
Field Contents
PARAMi Name of the thermal contact resistance parameter. Allowable names are
listed in Table 1-1. (Character)
VALi Value of the parameter. (Integer, see Table 1-1.)
Table 1-1 PARAMi Names and Descriptions
Name Type Default Description
OCELAS Integer > 0 700000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated CELAS2 elements.
OCHBDY Integer > 0 800000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated CHBDYP elements.
OPHBDY Integer > 0 810000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated PHBDY element property entries.
OPCONV Integer > 0 820000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated PCONV element property entries.
OMAT4 Integer > 0 830000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated MAT4 and MATT4 material
property entries.
ORADM Integer > 0 840000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated RADM and RADMT radiation
material property entries.
OSPOINT Integer > 0 900000 Offset for identification numbers of
generated scalar points.
17 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
Parameter
PARAM,MARHEATM
Determines whether a file named heatm.rc is necessary to run the second phase of
SOL 600 heat transfer initial contact jobs (Integer; Default = 0).
Basic Theory and Methods
MSC.Nastran thermal contact analysis applies the algorithms that have been
implemented in SOL 600 to determine the following contact data.
1. The nodes that are in contact with the edges or faces of other elements.
2. Contact mode (true thermal contact, near thermal contact, or far thermal
contact).
3. The natural coordinate ( ) of the node with respect to the contact edge (2-D),
or the natural coordinates ( ) of the node with respect to the contact face
(3-D).
4. The effective area ( ).
The above information will be used to calculate the effective thermal conductivity
elements or the equivalent convection or radiation elements.
True Thermal Contact
For true thermal contact, the effective heat flow between a node on the contacting
body and a node on the contacted body can be expressed as follows.
0 heatm.rc is not required. Defaults will be used. The defaults are scr=yes
batch=no mem=80mw
1 A heatm.rc file will be supplied by the user in the same directory as the
MSC.Nastran input file. The heatm.rc file can contain any information
used by other rc files except that batch=no. If the original MSC.Nastran
input file is name jid.dat (or jid.bdf) and out=jid is specified, the final
output will be in such as jid.f06, jid.op2, and jid.xdb. If out=jid is not
specified, the final output will be in files such as jid.nast.f06,
jid.nast.op2, and jid.nast.xdb.
,
Area
AA'
A
A'
Q
AA'
h
CT
T
A
T
A'
( ) Area
AA'
=
18

where:

For Line Contact Analysis:
where is the natural coordinate of with respect to line segment CD.
Substitute by and in the heat flow equation:
= a point on the contacted body that node contacts.
= the contact heat transfer coefficient.
= the temperature at node .
=
the temperature at node .
= the effective contact area associated with node .
A' A
h
CT
T
A
A
T
A' A'
Area
AA'
A
Area
AA'
AB thickness 2 =
T
A'
1
A'
( )T
C
2 1
A'
+ ( )T
D
2 + =
A'
A'
T
A'
T
C
T
D
Q
AA'
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
( ) T
A
T
C
( ) 2 + =
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
+ ( ) T
A
T
D
( ) 2
19 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
The effective stiffness values between A and C and between A and D are listed below.
For Face Contact Analysis:
This is equivalent to four pairs of thermal conductivity elements with the following
stiffness.
K
AC
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
( ) 2 =
K
AD
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
+ ( ) 2 =
Area
AA'
Area
ABCD
4 =
T
A'
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
( )T
E
4 1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
( )T
F
4 1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
+ ( )T
M
4 1
A'
( ) 1
A'
+ ( )T
L
4 + + + =
Q
AA'
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
( ) T
A
T
E
( ) 4 h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
( ) T
A
T
F
( ) 4 + + =
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
+ ( ) T
A
T
M
( ) 4 h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
+ ( ) T
A
T
L
( ) 4 +
AE
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
( ) 4 =
AF
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
( ) 4 =
AM
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
+ ( ) 4 =
AL
h
CT
Area
AA'
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
+ ( ) 4 =
20

If is constant, MSC.Nastran will generate CELAS2 elements with K equal to the
effective stiffness.
For Line Contact:
CELAS2, EID, , GA, 1, GC, 1
CELAS2, EID, , GA, 1, GD, 1
For Face Contact:
CELAS2, EID, , GA, 1, GE, 1
CELAS2, EID, , GA, 1, GF, 1
CELAS2, EID, , GA, 1, GM, 1
CELAS2, EID, , GA, 1, GL, 1
If is temperature dependent, MSC.Nastran will generate a set of CHBDYP,
PHBDY, CONV, PCONV, MAT4, and MATT4 entries.
For Line Contact:
CHBDYP, EID1, PID1, POINT, , , GA
PHBDY , PID1,
CONV , EID1, PID, , , GC
PHBDY , PID2,
CONV , EID2, PID, , , GD
PCONV , PID, MID
MAT4 , MID, , , , hct
MATT4 , MID, , , , T(H)
For Face Contact:
PHBDY , PID1,
CONV , EID1, PID, , , GE
PHBDY , PID2,
CONV , EID2, PID, , , GF
PHBDY , PID3,
CONV , EID3, PID, , , GM
PHBDY , PID4,
CONV , EID4, PID, , , GL
PCONV , PID, MID
MAT4 , MID, , , , hct
MATT4 , MID, , , , T(H)
Note that the T(H) ID specified in the MATT4 entry is same as the T(H) ID specified
in the original BCTABLE or BCBODY contact entry.
h
CT
K
AC
K
AD
K
AE
K
AF
K
AM
K
AL
h
CT
Area
AA
1
A'
( ) 2
Area
AA
1
A'
( ) 2
Area
AA
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
( )
Area
AA
1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
( )
Area
AA
1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
+ ( )
Area
AA
1
A'
( ) 1
A'
+ ( )
21 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
Near Thermal Contact
For near thermal contact, the geometry computation is same as the previous case;
however, the heat transfer includes both convection and radiation boundary
conditions. The heat flux equation is more complicated, as listed below.
where:
In this case, the convection terms , , and can be processed in a same way as
the true contact mode. The natural convection term can also be processed in a
similar way except that the contents of PCONV entry are replaced by the following.
PCONV , PID, MID, BNC-1
For the radiation term, MSC.Nastran will generate a set of CHBDYP, PHBDY,
RADBC, RADM, and RADMT entries. The RADMT entry is required only when the
emissivity is temperature dependent.
For Line Contact:
PHBDY , PID1,
= a point on the contacted body that node contacts.
= the convection coefficient for near field behavior.
=
the temperature at node .
= the natural convection coefficient for near field behavior.
= the exponent associated with natural convection.
= the Stefan Boltzman constant.
= the effective emissivity of the surface.
= the contact heat transfer coefficient.
= the separation distance dependent heat transfer coefficient.
= the distance between the two surfaces.
= the near contact distance.
q
AA'
h
CV
T
A
T
A'
( ) h
NC
T
A
T
A'
( )
BNC
T
A
4
T
A'
4
( ) + + + =
h
CT
1. S D
NEAR
( ) h
BL
S D
NEAR
+ { } T
A
T
A'
( )
A' A
h
CV
T
A
A
T
A' A'
h
NC
BNC
h
CT
h
BL
S
D
NEAR
h
CV
h
CT
h
BL
h
NC
Area
AA
1
A'
( )
22

RADBC , GC, 1.0, , EID1
PHBDY , PID2, Area
RADBC , GD, 1.0, , EID2
RADM , MID, ,
RADMT , MID, T( ), T( )
For Face Contact:
PHBDY , PID1, Area
RADBC , GE, 1.0, , EID1
PHBDY , PID2, Area
RADBC , GF, 1.0, , EID2
PHBDY , PID3, Area
RADBC , GM, 1.0, , EID3
PHBDY , PID4, Area
RADBC , GL, 1.0, , EID4
RADM , MID, ,
Far Thermal Contact
If neither true thermal contact nor near thermal contact exists, the surface will have a
convection and radiation heat transfer to the environment. Therefore, the heat flux is
defined as follows.
where:
Note: CHBDYP and PHBDY entries are same as those defined for convection
boundary conditions. As a result, only one pair of CHBDYP and PHBDY is
required for each entity.
The ID specified in the RADMT entry is same as the ID specified in
the original BCTABLE or BCBODY contact entry.
= the heat transfer coefficient to the environment.
= the environmental temperature.
=
the Stefan Boltzman constant.
=
the effective emissivity of the surface.
AA' 1
A'
+ ( ) 2

AA' 1
A'
( ) 1
A'
( ) 4
AA' 1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
( ) 4
AA' 1
A'
+ ( ) 1
A'
( ) 4
AA' 1
A'
( ) 1
A'
+ ( ) 4

AA'
T ( ) T ( )
q
A
h
CVE
T
A
T
ENV
( ) T
A
4
T
ENV
4
( ) + =
h
CVE
T
A
A
T
ENV
23 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
For the convection term, MSC.Nastran will generate a set of CHBDYP, PHBDY,
CONV, PCONV, SPOINT, SPC, MAT4, and MATT4 entries. The MATT4 entry is
required only when is temperature dependent.
CHBDYP, EID, PID, POINT, , , GA, , ,
PHBDY , PID, Area
CONV , EID, PID, , , S1
PCONV , PID, MID
SPOINT, S1
SPC , SID, S1, 1,
MAT4 , MID, , , ,
MATT4 , MID, , , , T(H)
Note that the T(H) ID specified in the MATT4 entry is same as the T(H) ID specified
in the original BCBODY contact entry.
For the radiation term, MSC.Nastran will generate a set of CHBDYP, PHBDY,
RADBC, SPOINT, SPC, RADM, and RADMT entries. The RADMT entry is required
only when the emissivity is temperature dependent.
CHBDYP, EID, PID, POINT, , , GA, , ,
, MID
PHBDY , PID, Area
RADBC , S1, 1.0, , EID
SPOINT, S1
SPC , SID, S1, 1, T
ENV
RADM , MID, ,
The contact regions should be carefully designed to avoid Far Thermal Contact mode
because it is more efficient to model the free convection and radiation boundary
conditions directly using the generic CONV and RADBC elements in MSC.Nastran.
Example Thermal contact of two plates with dissimilar meshes (tcnttr2d.dat)
This example demonstrates the thermal contact analysis between two horizontal
plates. In this problem, the contact heat transfer coefficient between these two plates
is 500.0 W/ . A heat flux of 1000 W/ is imposed on the upper plate with
7x7 mesh. The lower plate with 10x10 mesh has a free convection heat transfer ( h =
1000.0 W/ to an ambient environment with temperature .
The MSC.Nastran input file is listed below.
Note: CHBDYP, PHBDY, SPOINT, and SPC entries are same as those defined for
convection term. As a result, only one set of CHBDYP, PHBDY, SPOINT, and
SPC is required for each entity
The T( ) ID specified in the RADMT entry is same as the T( ) ID specified in
the original BCBODY contact entry.
h
CVE
AA'
T
ENV
h
CVE
AA'

AA'

m
2
C
o
m
2
m
2
C
o
0.0 C
o
24

SOL 600,153
CEND
ANALYSIS = HEAT
ECHO = NONE
TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) = 2
bcontact=0
SUBCASE 1
$ Subcase name : casea
SUBTITLE=casea
NLPARM = 1
SPC = 1
LOAD = 3
THERMAL(SORT1,PRINT)=ALL
BEGIN BULK
PARAM POST 0
PARAM AUTOSPC YES
PARAM SIGMA 1.714-9
NLPARM 1 0 AUTO 5 25 PW NO
.001 1.-7
$ Elements and Element Properties for region : pshell.1
PSHELL 1 1 .01
$ Pset: "pshell.1" will be imported as: "pshell.1"
CQUAD4 26 1 55 56 64 63 0.
CQUAD4 27 1 56 57 65 64 0.
:
CQUAD4 74 1 109 110 118 117 0.
CQUAD4 75 1 119 120 131 130 0.
CQUAD4 76 1 120 121 132 131 0.
CQUAD4 77 1 121 122 133 132 0.
:
CQUAD4 173 1 226 227 238 237 0.
CQUAD4 174 1 227 228 239 238 0.
$ Referenced Material Records
$ Material Record : mat4.1
$ Description of Material :
MAT4 1 150.
$ Nodes of the Entire Model
GRID 55 11. 11. 11.
GRID 56 11. 10.8571 11.
:
GRID 117 10. 10.1429 11.
GRID 118 10. 10. 11.
GRID 119 11. 10. 10.
GRID 120 10.9 10. 10.
:
GRID 238 10.1 11. 10.
GRID 239 10. 11. 10.
$ Loads for Load Case : casea
$ Fixed Temperatures of Load Set : conv.1.1
SPC 1 240 1 0.
$ Normal Heat Flux of Load Set : qhbdy.1
QBDY3 3 1000.0 100001
:
QBDY3 3 1000.0 100049
$ Convection to Ambient of Load Set : conv.1.1
PCONV 1 1001 0 0.
CONV 100050 1 0 0 240
:
CONV 100149 1 0 0 240
25 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
$ Contact body one = cquad4 eid 75 - 174
$ Contact body two = cquad4 eid 26 - 74
$ True contact mode hcv = 500.
bsurf, 101, 75, thru, 174
bsurf, 102, 26, thru, 74
bcbody, 111, , heat, 101
,
, heat, 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 4
, , 0., 0., 0.
bcbody, 112, , heat, 102
,
, heat, 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 4
, , 0., 0., 0.
bctable, 0, , , 1
, slave, 111, 1.5
, , , , , , 2.0
,
, , 500., 0., 0., 0., 0.
, master, 112
$ Initial Temperatures from Temperature Load Sets
TEMP 2 240 0.
$ Default Initial Temperature
TEMPD 2 0.
$ CHBDYG Surface Elements
CHBDYG 100001 AREA4
55 56 64 63
:
CHBDYG 100049 AREA4
109 110 118 117
CHBDYG 100050 AREA4
119 120 131 130
:
CHBDYG 100149 AREA4
227 228 239 238
$ Free Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients
MAT4 1001 1000.
$ Scalar Points
SPOINT 240
ENDDATA
The analysis results are shown below.
26

Recommendations
To get better results, it is recommended that the finer mesh be specified as
slave and the coarser mesh be specified as master.
If contact coefficients HTC/CHEAT, HCV, HNC, BNC, EMISS, and HBL are
specified in both BCTABLE and BCBODY entries, the values defined in
BCTABLE entry take precedence of those defined in BOBODY entry.
The tolerances for separation distance are important to decide the thermal
contact mode. The user needs to define the following two variables in
BCTABLE entry:
ERROR - 4th field of the line begin with SLAVE
DQNEAR - 7th field of the line after the one begin with SLAVE
Let S be the separation distance between the two contact surfaces (computed
by the program), then the thermal contact mode is decided by the following
criteria.
27 CHAPTER 1
Thermal Contact
In the above example, S=1.0, ERROR=1.5, and DQNEAR=2.0. Therefore, it is
a true contact model. Note that we are mainly interested in true contact and
near contact in modeling thermal contact analysis.
To model true contact problems, HTC and ERROR fields of BCTABLE entry
must be specified. The other fields in the SLAVE section of BCTABLE
entry may be ignored.
To model radiation across gap in near contact mode, EMISS and DQNEAR
fields of BCTABLE entry must be specified. In addition, PARAM,SIGMA
and PARAM,TABS must be defined.
If HCT is specified to model the distance dependent contact analysis in near
thermal contact mode, the corresponding HBL coefficient must also be
specified.
For the natural convection term in near thermal contact mode, the exponent
BNC must be greater than or equal to 1.0.
To model temperature dependent contact coefficients, specify the integer
values that are equal to TABLEM1 IDs in HTC, HCV, HNC, EMISS, and/or
HBL fields. The TABLEM1 entry/entries must be defined as well.
Whenever possible, avoid the use of triangular elements for contact surface
because many triangles are required for thermal contact analysis.
For debugging purpose, it is helpful to check the jid.ink file to see which grid
points are connected with CELAS2, CONV, or RADBC entries.
We recommend that the internally generated CHBDYP elements be
excluded from the HTFLOW output request.
Limitations
Higher order elements are not supported.
Line contact is not supported.
Thermal contact analysis is currently not supported in the MSC.Nastran
Thermal Preference of MSC.Patran.
1. True Thermal Contact: S < ERROR
2. Near Thermal Contact: ERROR < S < DQNEAR
3. Far Thermal Contact: S > DQNEAR
28

The MSC.Nastran f06 output does not display the convection heat flow for
each individual convection term in near thermal contact mode. The contact
thermal energies are summed together in FLUX output.
There is no information message telling the user whether the model is in true,
near, or far thermal contact.
Example Problems
The data files for all of the example problems contained in this Release Guide can be
found in the support section of the MSC.Software website:
http://www.mscsoftware.com/support/online_ex
MSC.Nastran 2005 Release Guide+
CHAPTER
2
Thermal Analysis
s Spatial Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficient
s Two-Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient Tabular Function
s Flux Output Modification for Thermal Analysis
30

2.1 Spatial Dependent Heat Transfer Coefficient
Introduction
A localized heat transfer coefficient is implemented to simulate the non-uniform free
convection heat transfer across a single CHBDYi surface element. This functionality
also allows users to define a constant free convection heat transfer coefficient directly
in the convection property entry (PCONV), instead of referring to a material property
entry (MAT4).
Input
The spatial dependent heat transfer coefficient is modeled by the modified PCONV
Bulk Data entry.
Specifies the free convection boundary condition properties of a boundary condition
surface element used for heat transfer analysis.
Format:
Examples:
Alternate Format and Examples:
PCONV -
Convection Property Definition
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PCONV PCONID MID FORM EXPF FTYPE TID
CHLEN GIDIN CE E1 E2 E3
PCONV 53 2 0 .25
PCONV 4 1 101
PCONV 38 21 2 54
2.0 235 0 1.0 0.0 0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PCONV PCONID MID FORM EXPF 3 H1 H2 H3
H4 H5 H6 H7 H8
31 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
Remarks:
1. Every surface to which free convection is to be applied must reference a
PCONV entry. PCONV is referenced on the CONV Bulk Data entry.
2. MID is used to supply the convection heat transfer coefficient (H) for
FTYPE=0, or the thermal conductivity (K) for FTYPE=2. MID is ignored for
FTYPE=1.
3. EXPF is the free convection temperature exponent.
PCONV 20 3 10.0
PCONV 7 3 10.32 10.05 10.09
10.37
Field Contents
PCONID Convection property identification number. (Integer > 0)
MID Material property identification number. (Integer > 0)
FORM Type of formula used for free convection. (Integer 0, 1, 10, 11, 20, or 21;
Default = 0)
EXPF Free convection exponent as implemented within the context of the
particular form that is chosen. See Remark 3. (Real > 0.0; Default = 0.0)
FTYPE Formula type for various configurations of free convection. See
Remarks 2. and 5. (Integer > 0; Default = 0)
TID Identification number of a TABLEHT entry that specifies the two-
variable tabular function of the free convection heat transfer coefficient.
See Remark 5. (Integer > 0 or blank)
CHLEN Characteristic length. See Remarks 6. and 8. (Real > 0.0 or blank)
GIDIN Grid ID of the referenced inlet point. See Remarks 7. and 8. (Integer > 0
or blank)
CE Coordinate system for defining the direction of boundary-layer flow.
See Remarks 7. and 8. (Integer > 0; Default = 0)
Ei Component of the vector for defining the direction of boundary-layer
flow in coordinate system CE. See Remarks 7. and 8. (Real or blank)
Hi Free convection heat transfer coefficient. See Remark 5. (Real for H1 and
Real or blank for H2 through H8; Default for H2 through H8 is H1)
32

If FORM = 0, 10, or 20, EXPF is an exponent of (T- TAMB), where the
convective heat transfer is represented as
.
If FORM = 1, 11, or 21,
where T represents the elemental grid point temperatures and TAMB is the
associated ambient temperature.
4. FORM specifies the formula type and the reference temperature location
used in calculating the convection film coefficient if FLMND = 0.
If FORM = 0 or 1, the reference temperature is the average of element
grid point temperatures (average) and the ambient point
temperatures (average).
If FORM = 10 or 11, the reference temperature is the surface
temperature (average of element grid point temperatures).
If FORM = 20 or 21, the reference temperature is the ambient
temperature (average of ambient point temperatures).
5. FTYPE defines the formula type used in computing the convection heat
transfer coefficient h.
If FTYPE = 0, h is specified in the MAT4 Bulk Data entry referenced
by MID.
If FTYPE = 1, h is computed from , where f is a two-
variable tabular function specified in the TABLEHT Bulk Data entry
referenced by TID, is the wall temperature, and is the ambient
temperature.
If FTYPE = 2, h is computed from , where or
is the Nusselt number, f is a two-variable tabular function
specified in the TABLEHT Bulk Data entry referred by TID, is the
wall temperature, and is the ambient temperature.
If FTYPE=3, hi is the free convection heat transfer coefficient applied
to grid point Gi of the referenced HBDY surface element.
6. CHLEN specifies the characteristic length used to compute the average heat
transfer coefficient . The following table lists typical values of CHLEN for
various convection configurations.
q H = u
CNTRLND
T TAMB ( )
EXPF
T TAMB ( )
q H = u
CNTRLND
T
EXPF
TAMB
EXPF
( )
h f T
w
T
a
, ( ) =
T
w
T
a
Nu f T
w
T
a
, ( ) = Nu
L
hL K =
Nu
x
hX K =
T
w
T
a
h
33 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
7. GIDIN, CE and Ei are used to define the distance from the leading edge of
heat transfer. GIDIN specifies the referenced grid ID where heat transfer
starts. CE and Ei define the direction of boundary-layer flow. If CE field is
blank, the default is CE=0 for basic coordinate system. If E1, E2, and E3 fields
are blank, the defaults are Ei = < 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 >, i.e. the flow is in the x
direction.
8. CHLEN, GIDIN, CE, and Ei are required only for free convection from flat
plates with FTYPE = 2. In this case, if the heat transfer coefficient is spatial
dependent, GIDIN must be specified. Otherwise, CHLEN has to be defined
for the computation of average heat transfer coefficient . For free
convection from tubes (CHBDYP elements with TYPE="ELCY, TUBE or
FTUBE), CHLEN, GIDIN, CE, and Ei need not be specified, because
MSC.Nastran will use the average diameter of tubes as the characteristic
length while computing Nu. CHLEN, GIDIN, CE, and Ei are ignored for
.
Example
MSC.Nastran test file: spatial_h_2005.dat
Up until now MSC.Nastran used an average film coefficient definition per element.
Starting with MSC.Nastran 2005 r2 you will be able to specify nodal convection
coefficients. This feature will allow the mapping of each of convection coefficient
from a CFD analysis into an MSC.Nastran model.
Convection Configuration Characteristic Length CHLEN
Free convection on a vertical plate
or cylinder
Height of the plate or cylinder
Free convection from horizontal
tubes
Diameter of the pipes
square plates
Length of a side
rectangular plates
Average length of four sides
circular disks
0.9d, where d is the diameter of the
disk.
unsymmetric plates
A/P, where A is the surface area and P
is the perimeter of the surface.
h
FTYPE 2
34

Figure 2-1 h=h(x)=2.7768/SQRT(x)
Thermal boundary conditions:
1. h =h(x)= 2.7768/SQRT(x)
2. The temperature is fixed at
3. 40 watts is applied to the 9 inch by 5 inch plate
4. At x=0, the h(x) is infinite, and therefore h(x=0.1) is used to evaluate the
expression at x=0.
20C
35 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
Figure 2-2 Thermal boundary conditions
FTYPE is added to field 6 of the PCONV entry:
Format:
If the FTYPE=3, then h1,h2,h3,h4 up to h8 can be added
In this example CHBDYG,AREA4 is used, and so up to 4 local h values can be
specified per element.
pconv,1,302,0,0.0,3,8.7810,2.7768,2.7768,
,8.7810
pconv,2,302,0,0.0,3,2.7768,1.96349,1.96349,
PCONV -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
36

,2.7768
pconv,3,302,0,0.0,3,1.96349,1.60319,1.60319,
,1.96349
pconv,4,302,0,0.0,3,1.60319,1.3884,1.3884,
,1.60319
pconv,5,302,0,0.0,3,1.3884,1.2418,1.2418,
,1.3884
pconv,6,302,0,0.0,3,1.2418,1.1336,1.1336,
,1.2418
pconv,7,302,0,0.0,3,1.1336,1.0495,1.0495,
,1.1336
pconv,8,302,0,0.0,3,1.0495,.98175,.98175,
,1.0495
pconv,9,302,0,0.0,3,.98175,.9256,.9256,
,.98175
Note that a MAT4 ID of 302 is referenced; however, this option does not require a
MAT4 definition.
MSC.Nastran test file: spatial_h_2005.dat
$ NASTRAN input file created by the MSC MSC.Nastran input file
$ translator ( MSC.Patran 12.0.044 ) on August 19, 2004 at 15:38:11.
$ Direct Text Input for File Management Section
$ Steady State Analysis, Database
SOL 153
$ Direct Text Input for Executive Control
CEND
ANALYSIS = HEAT
TITLE = MSC.Nastran job created on 19-Aug-04 at 15:37:56
ECHO = NONE
$ Direct Text Input for Global Case Control Data
SUBCASE 1
$ Subcase name : Default
SUBTITLE=Default
NLPARM = 1
SPC = 1
LOAD = 2
THERMAL(SORT1,PRINT)=ALL
FLUX(SORT1,PRINT)=ALL
HTFLOW=ALL
BEGIN BULK
PARAM POST 0
PARAM AUTOSPC YES
PARAM SIGMA 1.714-9
.001 1.-7
$ Direct Text Input for Bulk Data
$ Elements and Element Properties for region : plate
PSHELL 1 1 .1
$ Pset: "plate" will be imported as: "pshell.1"
CQUAD4 1 1 1 2 12 11
...
37 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
...
CQUAD4 45 1 49 50 60 59
$ Material Record : k
$ Description of Material : Date: 19-Aug-04 Time: 15:32:47
MAT4 1 4.
GRID 1 0. 0. 0.
...
...
GRID 60 9. 5. 0.
$ Loads for Load Case : Default
$ Fixed Temperatures of Load Set : 40watt
SPC 1 61 1 20.
$ Normal Heat Flux of Load Set : flux
QBDY3 2 .88889 100001
QBDY3 2 .88889 100045

$ Convection to Ambient of Load Set : 40watt
$
$pconv,1,3002,0,0.0,3,0.12,0.13,0.14,
$p,0.15
pconv,1,302,0,0.0,3,8.7810,2.7768,2.7768,
,8.7810
pconv,2,302,0,0.0,3,2.7768,1.96349,1.96349,
,2.7768
pconv,3,302,0,0.0,3,1.96349,1.60319,1.60319,
,1.96349
pconv,4,302,0,0.0,3,1.60319,1.3884,1.3884,
,1.60319
pconv,5,302,0,0.0,3,1.3884,1.2418,1.2418,
,1.3884
pconv,6,302,0,0.0,3,1.2418,1.1336,1.1336,
,1.2418
pconv,7,302,0,0.0,3,1.1336,1.0495,1.0495,
,1.1336
pconv,8,302,0,0.0,3,1.0495,.98175,.98175,
,1.0495
pconv,9,302,0,0.0,3,.98175,.9256,.9256,
,.98175
$
$PCONV 1 1001 0 0.
CONV 100001 1 0 0 61
$PCONV 2 1002 0 0.
CONV 100002 2 0 0 61
$PCONV 3 1003 0 0.
CONV 100003 3 0 0 61
$PCONV 4 1004 0 0.
CONV 100004 4 0 0 61
$PCONV 5 1005 0 0.
CONV 100005 5 0 0 61
$PCONV 6 1006 0 0.
CONV 100006 6 0 0 61
38

$PCONV 7 1007 0 0.
CONV 100007 7 0 0 61
$PCONV 8 1008 0 0.
CONV 100008 8 0 0 61
$PCONV 9 1009 0 0.
CONV 100009 9 0 0 61
...
...
CONV 100045 9 0 0 61
TEMP 1 61 20.
TEMPD 1 50.
CHBDYG 100001 AREA4
1 2 12 11
CHBDYG 100045 AREA4

49 50 60 59
MAT4 1001 3.92699
MAT4 1002 2.26725
MAT4 1003 1.7562
MAT4 1004 1.48426
MAT4 1005 1.309
MAT4 1006 1.18403
MAT4 1007 1.08915
MAT4 1008 1.01394
MAT4 1009 .952435
$ Scalar Points
SPOINT 61
$ Referenced Coordinate Frames
ENDDATA 9c8617f3
LOAD STEP = 1.00000E+00
H E A T F L O W I N Q U A D R I L A T E R A L E L E M E N T S ( Q U A D 4 )

ELEMENT-ID SIDE HBDY-ID CONV COEFF APPLIED-LOAD CONVECTION RADIATION TOTAL
1 1 100001 5.778900E+00 8.888900E-01 -9.544129E-01 0.000000E+00 -6.552285E-02
2 1 100002 2.370145E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.710693E-01 0.000000E+00 1.782078E-02
3 1 100003 1.783340E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.793325E-01 0.000000E+00 9.557486E-03
4 1 100004 1.495795E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.833646E-01 0.000000E+00 5.525410E-03
5 1 100005 1.315100E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.852076E-01 0.000000E+00 3.682435E-03
6 1 100006 1.187700E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.860430E-01 0.000000E+00 2.847075E-03
7 1 100007 1.091550E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.859066E-01 0.000000E+00 2.983391E-03
8 1 100008 1.015625E+00 8.888900E-01 -8.832566E-01 0.000000E+00 5.633414E-03
9 1 100009 9.536750E-01 8.888900E-01 -8.714170E-01 0.000000E+00 1.747298E-02
10 1 100010 5.778900E+00 8.888900E-01 -9.544129E-01 0.000000E+00 -6.552285E-02
39 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
2.2 Two-Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient Tabular
Function
Introduction
A two-variable tabular function of heat transfer coefficient, is
implemented to simulate the empirical correlations for free convection. This
functionality also provides the capability of modeling the free convection heat transfer
on a flat plate. The heat transfer coefficient is recalculated based on element location,
element temperature, and ambient temperature at each iteration or each time step.
Input
The two-variable tabular input is modeled by the new TABLEHT and TABLEH1 Bulk
Data entries and the modified PCONV Bulk Data entry.
Specifies a function of two variables for convection heat transfer coefficient.
Format:
Example:
Remarks:
1. xi must be listed in ascending order.
2. At least one continuation entry must be present.
TABLEHT -
Heat Transfer Coefficient Table with Two Variables
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TABLEHT TID
x1 TID1 x2 TID2 x3 -etc.
TABLEHT 85
10.0 101 25.0 102 40.0 110 ENDT
Field Contents
TID Table identification number. (Integer > 0)
xi Independent variables. (Real)
TIDi Table identification numbers of TABLEH1 entries. (Integer > 0)
h T
w
T
a
, ( ) =
40

3. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of ENDT in either of the
two fields following the last entry. An error is detected if any continuations
follow the entry containing the end-of-table flag ENDT.
4. This table is referenced only by PCONV entries that define free convection
boundary condition properties.
Defines a tabular function referenced by TABLEHT for convection heat transfer
coefficient.
Format:
Example:
Remarks:
1. yi must be listed in ascending order.
2. At least one continuation entry must be present.
3. Any yi-fi pair may be ignored by placing SKIP in either of the two fields
used for that entry.
4. The end of the table is indicated by the existence of ENDT in either of the
two fields following the last entry. An error is detected if any continuations
follow the entry containing the end-of-table flag ENDT.
5. TABLEH1 is used to input a curve in the form of
TABLEH1 -
Heat Transfer Coefficient Table, Form 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TABLEH1 TID
y1 f1 y2 f2 y3 -etc.=
TABLEH1 123
50.0 5.23 75.0 3.76 110.0 0.97 ENDT
Field Contents
TID Table identification number. (Integer > 0)
yi Independent variables. (Real)
fi Dependent variable. (Real)
f f y ( ) =
41 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
where is input to the table and is returned. The table look-up is
performed using linear interpolation within the table and is evaluated at the
starting or end point outside the table. No warning messages are issued if
table data is input incorrectly.
6. Discontinuities are not recommended and may lead to unstable results.
Format:
Example:
PCONV -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PCONV 4 21 1 101
235 0 1.0 0.0 0.0
Field Contents
PCONID Convection property identification number. (Integer > 0)
MID Material property identification number. (Integer > 0)
FORM Type of formula used for free convection. (Integer 0, 1, 10, 11, 20, or 21;
Default = 0)
EXPF Free convection exponent as implemented within the context of the
particular form that is chosen. See Remark 3. (Real > 0.0; Default = 0.0)
FTYPE Formula type for various configurations of free convection. See
Remarks 2. and 5. (Integer > 0; Default = 0)
TID Identification number of a TABLEHT entry that specifies the two-
variable tabular function of the free convection heat transfer coefficient.
See Remark 5. (Integer > 0 or blank)
CHLEN Characteristic length. See Remarks 6. and 8. (Real > 0.0 or blank)
GIDIN Grid ID of the referenced inlet point. See Remarks 7. and 8. (Integer > 0
or blank)
y f
42

Remarks:
1. Every surface to which free convection is to be applied must reference a
PCONV entry. PCONV is referenced on the CONV Bulk Data entry.
2. MID is used to supply the convection heat transfer coefficient (H).
3. EXPF is the free convection temperature exponent.
If FORM = 0, 10, or 20, EXPF is an exponent of (T- TAMB), where the
convective heat transfer is represented as
.
If FORM = 1, 11, or 21,
where T represents the elemental grid point temperatures and TAMB is the
associated ambient temperature.
4. FORM specifies the formula type and the reference temperature location
used in calculating the convection film coefficient if FLMND = 0.
If FORM = 0 or 1, the reference temperature is the average of element
grid point temperatures (average) and the ambient point
temperatures (average).
If FORM = 10 or 11, the reference temperature is the surface
temperature (average of element grid point temperatures).
If FORM = 20 or 21, the reference temperature is the ambient
temperature (average of ambient point temperatures).
5. FTYPE defines the formula type used in computing the convection heat
transfer coefficient h.
If FTYPE = 0, h is specified in the MAT4 Bulk Data entry referenced
by MID.
CE Coordinate system for defining the direction of boundary-layer flow.
See Remarks 7. and 8. (Integer > 0; Default = 0)
Ei Component of the vector for defining the direction of boundary-layer
flow in coordinate system CE. See Remarks 7. and 8. (Real or blank)
q H = u
CNTRLND
T TAMB ( )
EXPF
T TAMB ( )
q H = u
CNTRLND
T
EXPF
TAMB
EXPF
( )
43 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
If FTYPE = 1, h is computed from , where f is a two-
variable tabular function specified in the TABLEHT Bulk Data entry
referenced by TID, is the wall temperature, and is the ambient
temperature.
If FTYPE = 2, h is computed from , where or
is the Nusselt number, f is a two-variable tabular function
specified in the TABLEHT Bulk Data entry referred by TID, is the
wall temperature, and is the ambient temperature.
6. CHLEN specifies the characteristic length used to compute the average heat
transfer coefficient . The following table lists typical values of CHLEN for
various convection configurations.
7. GIDIN, CE and Ei are used to define the distance from the leading edge of
heat transfer. GIDIN specifies the referenced grid ID where heat transfer
starts. CE and Ei define the direction of boundary-layer flow. If CE field is
blank, the default is CE=0 for basic coordinate system. If E1, E2, and E3 fields
are blank, the defaults are Ei = < 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 >, i.e. the flow is in the x
direction.
8. CHLEN, GIDIN, CE, and Ei are required only for free convection from flat
plates with FTYPE = 2. In this case, if the heat transfer coefficient is spatial
dependent, GIDIN must be specified. Otherwise, CHLEN has to be defined
for the computation of average heat transfer coefficient . For free
convection from tubes (CHBDYP elements with TYPE="ELCY, TUBE or
Convection Configuration Characteristic Length CHLEN
Free convection on a vertical plate
or cylinder
Height of the plate or cylinder
tubes
Diameter of the pipes
square plates
Length of a side
rectangular plates
Average length of four sides
circular disks
0.9d, where d is the diameter of the
disk.
unsymmetric plates
A/P, where A is the surface area and P
is the perimeter of the surface.
h f T
w
T
a
, ( ) =
T
w
T
a
Nu f T
w
T
a
, ( ) = Nu
L
hL K =
Nu
x
hX K =
T
w
T
a
h
h
44

FTUBE), CHLEN, GIDIN, CE, and Ei need not be specified, because
MSC.Nastran will use the average diameter of tubes as the characteristic
length while computing Nu. CHLEN, GIDIN, CE, and Ei are ignored for
.
The distributed free convection heat flow on a particular grid of a CONV element is
computed by
if FORM = 0 and EXPF = 0.0
where hi or = function of and , is the temperature of the grid, and
Tai is the temperature of the corresponding ambient node.
For example, if , , and the model is defined by the following
Bulk Data entries.
Then the heat transfer coefficient hi is equal to
If the heat transfer coefficient is computed from the Nusselt number (FTYPE=2 in
PCONV entry), the distance d from the leading edge of heat transfer is computed as follows.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PCONV 10 1 101
TABLEHT 101
40.0 1004 60.0 1006 ENDT
TABLEH1 1004
10.0 3.74 20.0 2.14 30.0 0.94 ENDT
TABLEH1 1006
10.0 4.16 20.0 2.96 30.0 1.56 ENDT
FTYPE 2
i h
i
A
i
u
cnt r d ln
Twi Tai ( ) =
Nui Twi Tai Twi
Twi 42.0 = Tai 25.0 =
0.5 2.14 0.94 + ( )
60.0 42.0 ( )
60.0 40.0 ( )
--------------------------------- 0.5 + 2.96 1.56 + ( )
42.0 40.0 ( )
60.0 40.0 ( )
---------------------------------
Nu
x
45 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
Where A is the location of GINDIN, B is the centroid of the convection element, and
is the unit vector in the direction of boundary-layer flow.
Example Free Convection of a Horizontal Cylinder
(fconv_axi_2dtable.dat)
This example (see examples folder for input file) demonstrates the application of a 2D
table to specify free convection heat transfer coefficient. In this problem, a horizontal
cylinder with 0.3048 m in diameter and 0.3 m in length has a heat flux of 7000 W/m
2

applied on one end cap. The heat is lost by free convection through the outside surface
of the cylinder to the ambient air at 15
o
C.
Under laminar condition, the heat transfer coefficient for free convection to air at
atmospheric pressure is equal to
Using the above equation, a 2D table is computed with the following data.
A
B
d
e
d AB = e
e
h 1.32 T D ( )
0.25
1.32 0.3048 ( ) T
w
T
a
( )
0.25
1.77652 T
w
T
a
( )
0.25
= = =
T
w
100C = T
a
15C = h 5.3942W m
2
C =
T
w
150C = T
a
15C = h 6.0555W m
2
C =
T
w
200C = T
a
15C = h 6.5518W m
2
C =
T
w
250C = T
a
15C = h 6.9556W m
2
C =
T
w
300C = T
a
15C = h 7.2993W m
2
C =
46

These data are converted into PCONV, TABLEHT, and TABLEH1 Bulk Data entries
listed as follows.
PCONV,1,,,,1,101
TABLEHT,101
,100.0,1001,150.0,1002,200.0,1003,250.0,1004
,300.0,1005,endt
TABLEH1,1001
,15.0,5.3942,30.0,5.3942,endt
TABLEH1,1002
,15.0,6.0555,30.0,6.0555,endt
TABLEH1,1003
,15.0,6.5518,30.0,6.5518,endt
TABLEH1,1004
,15.0,6.9556,30.0,6.9556,endt
TABLEH1,1005
,15.0,7.2993,30.0,7.2993,endt
The analysis results using an axi-symmetric model with 6-node CTRIAX6 elements
are shown below.
47 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
2.3 Flux Output Modification for Thermal Analysis
Introduction
The data recovery of MSC.Nastran Thermal Analysis is enhanced by implementing
the heat flow output of structural elements. This functionality relates the heat flow
output of CHBDYE, CHBDYG, and CHBDYP elements to the structural elements so
that users can check the heat balance of the models. The new output also includes
convection heat transfer coefficients and side identification numbers to facilitate
model checking.
Input
The heat flow output of structural elements is requested by the new HTFLOW Case
Control command.
Requests heat flow output at selected structural elements.
Format:
Example:
HTFLOW = ALL
HTFLOW = 15
HTFLOW -
Elemental Heat Flow Output Request
Describer Meaning
PRINT The printer will be the output medium.
NOPRINT Generate, but do not print out, the output.
PUNCH The punch file will be the output medium.
ALL Heat flow for all structural elements will be output.
n Set identification of previously appearing SET command. Only
structural elements with identification numbers that appear on this
SET command will be included in the heat flow output. (Integer>0)
HTFLOW
PRINT, PUNCH
NOPRINT \ .
|
| |
ALL
n
)
`

=
48

Remarks:
1. Elemental heat flow output is available for steady state thermal analysis
(SOL 101 and SOL 153) and transient thermal analysis (SOL 159).
2. Heat flow is computed from the applied heat loads and the effect of
convection and radiation heat transfer on boundary (CHBDYE, CHBDYG,
and CHBDYP) elements.
3. See Remarks 6-8 of the descriptions of CHBDYE Bulk Data for the side
conventions of solid elements, shell elements, and line elements.
Output
The output data are grouped by types of structural elements. A sample output is listed
below.
The side IDs are consistent with the side conventions of the CHBDYE elements. In the
above case, side 1 is the surface of shell elements while sides 2-5 are the four edges of
quadrilateral elements.
The formulae used to compute various kinds of heat flow are listed below.
Free convection if FORM = 0, 10, or 20
if FORM = 1, 11, or 20
Forced Convection
if FORM = 0, 10, or 20
if FORM = 1, 11, or 21
Boundary Radiation
H E A T F L O W I N H E X A H E D R O N S O L I D E L E M E N T S ( H E X A )

45 6 451 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.892015E+00 -1.159713E+01 -1.848914E+01
5 452 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -7.442470E+00 -1.256259E+01 -2.000506E+01
1 453 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.891933E+00 -1.159698E+01 -1.848892E+01
2 454 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.846252E+00 -1.151713E+01 -1.836338E+01
46 6 461 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.136873E+00 -1.028224E+01 -1.641911E+01
5 462 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.341478E+00 -1.063741E+01 -1.697889E+01
1 463 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.136881E+00 -1.028225E+01 -1.641913E+01
2 464 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -6.095622E+00 -1.021073E+01 -1.630635E+01
3 465 1.000000E+00 0.000000E+00 -5.932276E+00 -9.927887E+00 -1.586016E+01
F hA = u
cnt r d ln
T T
a
( )
f exp
T T
a
( )
F hA = u
cnt r d ln
T
f exp
T
a
f exp
( )
F hA T T
a
( ) =
h coef = Re
r exp
Pr
p exp

h coef = Re
r exp
Pr
p exp K
D
----
F A = FAMB u
cnt r d ln
T
4
T
a
4
( )
49 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
Enclosure Radiation
Applied Heat Flux
Directional Heat Flux
where:
= the heat flow across the selected boundary element
= the convection heat transfer coefficient
= the area associated with the selected boundary element
= the temperature of the control node
= the wall temperature
= the ambient temperature
= the Reynolds number
= the Prandtl number
= the thermal conductivity
= the average diameter or the characteristic length
= the Stefan-Boltzmann constant
=
the radiation view factor between the surface and the
ambient point
= the emissivity of the selected boundary element
= the absorptivity of the selected boundary element
=
the grid point temperatures to element temperatures
transformation matrix
= the element radiation matrix
= the temperature origin in absolute scale
= the heat flux applied to the selected boundary element.
= the vector of the radiation beam
= the outward surface normal vector
F G
ge
[ ] R
e
[ ] { }
T
T T
abs
+ ( )
4
)
`

=
F q
0
A = u
cntr d ln
F = e n ( ) q
0
A u
cntr d ln

F
h
A
u
cnt r d ln
T
T
a
Re
Pr
K
D
FAMB
G
ge
[ ]
R
e
[ ]
T
abs
q
0
e
n
50

Example Free Convection of a Cube (fconv_cube.dat)
This example demonstrates the heat flow output of a HEXA element requested by the
HTFLOW Case Control command. In this problem, a cube with 0.20 m in each side is
maintained at 60
o
C and is exposed to air at 10
o
C. The thermal conductivity of the cube is
equal to 0.02685 , while the heat transfer coefficient between the cube and the air
is 9.07 .
The heat flow across each face of the cube can be computed as follows.
The MSC.Nastran input file is shown below.
SOL 153
CEND
ANALYSIS = HEAT
TITLE = EXAMPLE HTFLOW REQUEST
SUBCASE 1
$ Subcase name : Default
SUBTITLE=Default
NLPARM = 1
SPC = 1
THERMAL=ALL
HTFLOW=ALL
BEGIN BULK
.001 1.-7
$ Elements and Element Properties for region : solid
PSOLID 1 1 0
$ Pset: "solid" will be imported as: "psolid.1"
CHEXA 1 1 1 2 4 3 5 6
8 7
$ Material Record : alum
$ Description of Material : Date: 01-Apr-04 Time: 23:04:54
MAT4 1 204. 896. 2707.
GRID 1 0. 0. 0.
GRID 2 .2 0. 0.
GRID 3 0. .2 0.
GRID 4 .2 .2 0.
GRID 5 0. 0. .2
GRID 6 .2 0. .2
GRID 7 0. .2 .2
GRID 8 .2 .2 .2
GRID* 999 .256948 .140484
* -.026591
$ Loads for Load Case : Default
$ Fixed Temperatures of Load Set : fix
SPC 1 1 1 60. 2 1 60.
W/m C
W/m
2
C
F hA T
w
T
a
( ) 9.07 = = 0.04 60 10 ( ) 18.14W =
51 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
SPC 1 3 1 60. 4 1 60.
SPC 1 5 1 60. 6 1 60.
SPC 1 7 1 60. 8 1 60.
$ Fixed Temperatures of Load Set : conv
SPC 1 1000 1 10.
$ Convection to Ambient of Load Set : conv
PCONV 1 1001 0 0.
CONV 100001 1 0 0 1000
CONV 100002 1 0 0 1000
CONV 100003 1 0 0 1000
CONV 100004 1 0 0 1000
CONV 100005 1 0 0 1000
CONV 100006 1 0 0 1000
TEMP 1 1 60. 2 60. 3 60.
TEMP 1 4 60. 5 60. 6 60.
TEMP 1 7 60. 8 60. 1000 10.
TEMPD 1 0.
CHBDYG 100001 AREA4
1 2 6 5
CHBDYG 100002 AREA4
3 7 8 4
CHBDYG 100003 AREA4
1 3 4 2
CHBDYG 100004 AREA4
2 4 8 6
CHBDYG 100005 AREA4
6 8 7 5
CHBDYG 100006 AREA4
5 7 3 1
MAT4 1001 0.02685 9.07
$ Scalar Points
SPOINT 1000
ENDDATA
The output data from HTFLOW request are listed in the following.
H E A T F L O W I N H E X A H E D R O N S O L I D E L E M E N T S ( H E X A )

1 2 100001 9.070000E+00 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01
4 100002 9.070000E+00 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01
1 100003 9.070000E+00 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01
3 100004 9.070000E+00 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01
6 100005 9.070000E+00 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01
5 100006 9.070000E+00 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01 0.000000E+00 -1.814000E+01
52

where:
Guidelines
If HTFLOW is specified, users may avoid duplicate heat flow output by
specifying FLUX=NONE or omitting the FLUX command. This will reduce
processing time and the sizes of output data for big models.
When CONVM elements are used to model fluid flow, the HTFLOW output
will not show the heat flow from forced convection unless there exists
dummy CROD elements associated with the CHBDYP elements. In this case,
it is recommended to use the original FLUX command to view the heat flow
output.
The HTFLOW command only outputs the heat flow of the boundary
elements (CHBDYE, CHBDYG, and CHBDYP) that are associated with the
surfaces, edges, or points of the selected structural elements. The following
table lists the associated boundary elements for each kind of structural
elements.
APPLIED-LOAD Heat flow from applied heat flux (QBDY1, QBDY2, QBDY3,
and QVECT).
CONVECTION Heat flow from free convection (CONV) and forced
convection (CONVM).
RADIATION Heat flow from boundary radiation (RADBC) and enclosure
radiation (RADSET).
TOTAL Total heat flow (sum of the above three entities).
Structural Elements Boundary Elements
Solid elements:
CHEXA, CPENTA, and
CTETRA.
CHBDYE
CHBDYG (AREA3, AREA4, AREA6, and
AREA8)
Shell elements:
CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3,
and CTRIA6.
CHBDYE
CHBDYG (AREA3, AREA4, AREA6, and
AREA8)
CHBDYP (LINE, ELCYL, FTUBE, and
TUBE)
53 CHAPTER 2
Thermal Analysis
Line elements:
CROD, CONROD, CBAR,
CBEAM, CTUBE, and CBEND.
CHBDYP (LINE, ELCYL, FUTPBE, TUBE,
and POINT)
Axisymmetric elements:
CTRIAX6
CHBDYE
CHBDYG (REV)
Structural Elements Boundary Elements
54

I N D E X
MSC.Nastran Release Guide

B
BFRIC Bulk Data entry
specification of, 15
Bulk Data Entries
PCONV, 30
TABLEH1, 39, 40
TABLEHT, 39
C
Case Control Commands
HTFLOW, 47
CHBDYi surface element, 30
convection heat transfer coefficients, 47
F
Flux Output, 47
free convection heat transfer, 39
H
heat flow output, 47
heat transfer coefficient, 30, 39
N
nodal convection coefficients, 33
non-uniform free convection heat transfer,
30
P
Parameters
PCONV, 30, 35, 41
PCONV Bulk Data entry
specification of, 41
S
spatial dependent heat transfer coefficient,
30
I N D E X
MSC.Nastran
Release Guide
INDEX 56

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QBDY3 2 .88889 100045

CHBDYG 100045 AREA4

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