Você está na página 1de 65

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

GuidelinesonDesign,Operation&Maintenanceof LocalExhaustVentilationSystems
TanKiaTang OSHSpecialistDepartment 2012

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

References
1. IndustrialVentilation.AManualofRecommendedPractice. AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists. ACGIH25thEdition2003. 2. ANSIZ9.22001 FundamentalsGoverningtheDesignand OperationofLEVSystems.AmericanIndustrialHygiene Association.AIHA2001. 3. GuideforTestingVentilationSystems.AmericanConferenceof GovernmentalIndustrialHygienists.ACGIH1991. 4. Maintenance,ExaminationandTestingofLEV,Health&Safety Executive.HSE1999 5. GuidelinesonDesign,Operation&MaintenanceofLEVSystems. MOMSingapore2006. 6. IndustrialVentilationWorkbook.D.JeffBurton.4th Edition2001.
2012GovernmentofSingapore 2

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

GuidelinesonDesign,Operation&MaintenanceofLEVSystems2006
http://www.mom.gov.sg/Documents/safety-health/factsheets-circulars/Local%20Exhaust%20Ventilation.pdf

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Introduction ExhaustHood DuctingSystem AirCleaningEquipment ExhaustFan Stack Replacement&RecirculatedAir Operation&Maintenance Testing Annexes

Intension is to develop this into Singapore Standard (SS) to be published by SPRING Singapore
2012GovernmentofSingapore 3

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LegalRequirements
Workplace Safety & Health (General Provisions) Regulations Regulation 39 Toxic dust, fumes or other contaminants (1) All reasonably practicable measures shall be taken to: (a) prevent the accumulation of toxic airborne contaminants in the workplace; and (b) protect persons against exposure to the contaminants (2) The measures shall, where appropriate, include: (a) isolation (b) closed system (c) local exhaust ventilation (d) dilution ventilation; and (e) wetting
2012GovernmentofSingapore 4

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

39 (3) The local exhaust ventilation system shall be so designed, constructed, operated & maintained that the dust, fumes, gas, vapour, mist, fibre or other contaminants are safely & effectively removed at the source of generation & are not dispersed or scattered in the surrounding air.

2012GovernmentofSingapore

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

ALEVSystem

stack

2012GovernmentofSingapore

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Units of Ventilation Measurement

US Length Mass Temperature Pressure ft lb F w.g.

Metric m kg C mmw.g.

SI m Kg C kPa

1 kPa = 102 mm water


2012GovernmentofSingapore 7

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StandardConditionsforAirinVentilation (ACGIHSTP)
Temperature Pressure Density 21C (70F) 1 atm (760 mm Hg, 407 water, 101.3 kPa) 1.20 kg/m3 (0.075 lb/ft3)

Relative Humidity 0%

DensityCorrectionFactor 273+21BP(mmHg)1+w d= x x-----------273+C760(mmHg)1+1.6w


760 mm Hg

Hg

2012GovernmentofSingapore

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VentilationSystem 5parameterstofullydefineanyventilationsystem
1 Airflowrate,Q
Q=VxA

2 3 4 5

AirVelocity,V DuctXsectionarea,A

TP = SP + VP

Velocitypressure,VP Staticpressure,SP

2012GovernmentofSingapore

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VelocityPressure(VP)
Pressurerequiredtoacceleratetheairfromrest toitsexistingvelocity Pressure exerted by moving air in the direction of flow VP is a kinetic energy It is always positive
V(fpm)=4,005 VPw.g. V(m/s)=4.043 VPmmw.g. V(m/s)=1.29 VPPa
V VP or VP V2

2012GovernmentofSingapore

10

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Static Pressure (SP)


Pressureusedinovercomingresistancetoflow Itisexertedbytheairinalldirections Pressureabove/belowtheatm pressure Ittendstoburst/collapsetheduct Itisapotentialenergy SPcanbe+ve orve.
SP is created by fan / motor SP & VP are convertible SP can be calculated It can be measured As system checkpoint / performance

2012GovernmentofSingapore

11

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SP = Gauge Pressure
SP=absolutepressureinsideduct absolute atmosphericpressure

duct pressure = 406 w.g. atm pressure = 407 w.g. SP = 406 407 w.g. = -1 w.g.
2012GovernmentofSingapore 12

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SP can be +ve or -ve


Upstream SP is -SP

Downstream SP is +
+SP VP

Exhaust Fan

2012GovernmentofSingapore

13

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Total Pressure Thepressurerequiredtostart& maintaintheairflow


TP SP VP

TP = SP + VP VP = TP SP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 14

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LEVSystemDesign 3generalsteps
Hooddesign Q&hoodstaticpressure,SPh

Ductsystemdesign ductsizing&SPlossthroughduct,elbow, transition,aircleaner,stack;(SPinlet &SPoutlet)

FanSelection Q&FTP/FSP

2012GovernmentofSingapore

15

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Types of Hood Plainopening Taperedhood Slothood Flangedhood Booth Canopy grille others
2012GovernmentofSingapore 16

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Hood classification - based on principles of hood function

1 containthe Enclosure emission 2 receive the Receiving contaminants hood 3 capture the Exterior contaminates hood
2012GovernmentofSingapore 17

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

HoodDesignPrinciples
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Enclosetheoperationasmuchaspossible Locate thehoodasclosetotheemissionsourceas possible Locatethehoodtoreceivethecontaminant Removethecontaminantawayfromthebreathingzone Capture thecontaminantwithsufficientvelocity&airflow Protecthoodsfromcrossdraft Ensureevenairflowintothehoods Provideflangesorbaffleswhereverpossibletoeliminate airflowfromcontaminantfreezones

2012GovernmentofSingapore

18

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

1 Enclose the Operation as much as possible

Good

Bad

Containthecontaminants Reduceairflowrate Protectvs crossdraft


2012GovernmentofSingapore 19

2 Locate the Hood as close to the source as possible

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Dalla Velle Equation:

Q = V (10 X2 + A )

Q X2 New hood - If X is double, Q will be increased by 4X V 1 / X2 Existing hood If X is double, V will be reduced by 4 X
2012GovernmentofSingapore 20

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

10

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Blowingvs Suction 30 D
Blowing FAN

D
At 30D: For same Q, 10% Vf

D
Suction Q = V (10 X2 + A ) V 1 / X2

At 1D: For same Q, 10% Vf


2012GovernmentofSingapore 21

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

3 Provideaflangewheneverpossible
w A X D

Flangewidth

w=X D

Forbighoods w=6

2012GovernmentofSingapore

22

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

11

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FlangedHood

Q=V(10X2+A)

unflangedhood

Q=0.75 V(10X2+A)flangedhood New hood a flange reduces Q by 25% Existing hood a flange increases capture velocity
2012GovernmentofSingapore 23

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

4 RemovetheContaminantsawayfromthe breathingzone
Bad Good

Use slot hood instead of canopy hood for open surface tank if persons have to bend over the tank
2012GovernmentofSingapore 24

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

12

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Slot Hood for Open Surface Tank

10 m/s 2,000 fpm

Aslothood(W/L<0.2)maintains airflowoveralargesurfacearea Slotvelocity=2,000fpmor10m/s


2012GovernmentofSingapore 25

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SlotHoodsforOpenSurfaceTanks

L W

W < 4 ft (1.2 m) L W

W > 4 ft (1.2 m)

2012GovernmentofSingapore

26

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

13

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

5 PositionHoodtoReceiveContaminants

Place or shape hood in the direction / trajectory of contaminant released / generated

2012GovernmentofSingapore

27

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

ProtectHoodfromCrossdraft

1. Relocatethehood 2. Containtherelease 3. Increasecapturevelocity


2012GovernmentofSingapore 28

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

14

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

7 EnsureEvenAirFlowintoHood(Booth)

Booth

solutions usingvanes,slotsorbaffles

Vanes

Slots

Baffles
2012GovernmentofSingapore 29

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

HoodDesign 2parameters 1 VolumetricAirFlowRate Q


Theoreticalcalculation Empiricalformula
SPh

2 HoodStaticPressure SPh
Energyrequiredtoacceleratethe airfrom0velocitytocertain velocitypressureVP,&toovercome theresistance(he)atthehood

SPh = VP + he

2012GovernmentofSingapore

30

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

15

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Volumetric Airflow Rate Q 1. Theoretical calculation simple mathematics 2. Empirical formula - by experiment

2012GovernmentofSingapore

31

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

AirFlowRateQ EmpiricalFormula

2012GovernmentofSingapore

32

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

16

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SelectionofCaptureVelocity
Dispersion condition Practicallyno velocity Lowvelocity release Activerelease Highvelocity release Example fpm m/s

Evaporation, degreasing Welding,spraying, conveying,plating Crushing,loading, transferring,filling Grinding,blasting, tumbling 1. 2. 3. 4.

50 100 100 200 200 500 5002000

0.250.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 2.5 2.5 10

Toxicity Quantity / concentration Cross draft Hood size


2012GovernmentofSingapore 33

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

HoodStaticPressure ameasureofVP SPh =VP+he =VP+fxVP =VP(1+f)


f:EntryLossFactorofthehood

SPh VP

SPh V2

SPh Q2

ProvideaSPtapwithmanometer orSPgaugeifinadequatehood performancecouldresultin hazardousconditions

2012GovernmentofSingapore

34

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

17

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

EntryLossFactorffortaperedhoods
Includedangle 15 30 45 60 90 120 150 180 Roundhood 0.15VP 0.08VP 0.06VP 0.08VP 0.15VP 0.26VP 0.40VP 0.50VP Rectangularhood 0.25VP 0.16VP 0.15VP 0.17VP 0.25VP 0.35VP 0.48VP 0.50VP

1. IdealIncludedAngleis45degree 2. Hoodfaceareashouldbeatleast2X ductarea

2012GovernmentofSingapore

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Hood/Duct constructionmaterials
Material Galvanizedsheetmetal Blackiron Stainlesssteel PVCorotherplastics Condition Lowtemperature&non corrosivecontaminants <480C >480C Corrosivecontaminants

Galvanized sheet metal is not recommended for temperature > 200C

2012GovernmentofSingapore

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

35 36

18

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

HoodConstruction thickness

1. Thickness at least 2 gauges heavier than the connecting duct 2. Provide a tapered transition piece between the hood & exhaust duct
2012GovernmentofSingapore 37

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign 2parameters
1. Sizingductdiameter 2. Determiningstaticpressurelosses Frictionloss Elbowloss Branchentryloss Transitionloss

2012GovernmentofSingapore

38

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

19

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign basicrules 1. AdequateductvelocityV (min.10m/sor2,000fpm) 2. Minimiseresistance(SPlosses) minimumlength nosharpelbow/bend norightanglejoints noabruptchangesinsection nointernalobstruction
2012GovernmentofSingapore 39

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign sizingofduct
d

Q=VxA Q=Vx r2 r={Q/(Vx)} d=2r (roundofftoawholeno.)


2012GovernmentofSingapore 40

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

20

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign ductvelocity
US unit, ft/min Gas, vapor, smoke Fumes Very fine & light dust Dry dust & powder Industrial dust Heavy dust Very heavy dust 1,200 2,000 1,400 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,500 3,500 3,500 4,000 4,000 4,500 > 4,500 Metric, m/s 6 - 10 7 - 10 10 -12.5 12.5 - 17.5 17.5 - 20 20 - 22.5 > 22.5

2012GovernmentofSingapore

41

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SettlingVelocityofAerosols Vts =p d2 g/18 forparticles>1m


p ising/cm3 disincm g=980cm/s2 =1.81x104 dyne.s/cm2 If = 1g/cc d=10,Vts=0.3cm/s d=50,Vts=7.5cm/s d=100,Vts=25cm/s Ductvelocity >> settlingvelocityto preventdustfrom settling
Vts

2012GovernmentofSingapore

42

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

21

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DustDesign useroundduct
Advantages: 1. resistscollapsebetterthanothershapes 2. useslessmaterialsthanrectangularducts 3. providesbetteraerosoltransportconditions EquivalentDiameter (LxW)0.625 Deq =1.3 (L+W)0.25
W L

2012GovernmentofSingapore

43

DuctDesign frictionloss Loeffler Equation: aVb F= x LxVP Q c = kxLxVP


DuctMaterial Galvanised sheet metal Al,SS,PVC,black iron a 0.0307(USunit) 0.0155(metric) 0.0425(USunit) 0.0162(metric)

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

b 0.533 0.465 0.604

c 0.612 0.602 0.639


44

Flexibleduct,fabric 0.0311(USunit) coveredwire 0.0186(metric)

2012GovernmentofSingapore

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

22

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctConstruction thickness galvanizedsheetsteel(490lbs/ft3)


Diameter < 8 9 - 18 19 - 30 > 31 Gauge 20 18 16 14 Thickness 0.040 0.051 0.064 0.078

Elbow:2gaugesheavierthanstraightpipe Stainlesssteelforhightemperaturegasstream PVCforcorrosivegasstream


2012GovernmentofSingapore 45

MetalThickness&Classification
Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

ClassificationofductsforLEVsystemsfornoncorrosiveapplications. Lightdutyfornonabrasiveapplicationse.g.replacementair&general ventilation. Mediumdutyforapplicationswithmoderatelyabrasiveparticulatesin lightconcentrationse.g.woodworking&graindust. Heavydutyforapplicationswithhighlyabrasiveparticulatesinlow concentrationse.g.abrasivecleaning&sandhandling. Extraheavydutyforapplicationswithhighlyabrasiveparticlesinhigh concentrationse.g.ascanopyingsystemsinheavyindustrialplants.


Class1 Light 2220 2212 187 142 Class2 Medium 2218 2212 167 142 Class3 Heavy 16 1611 166 122 Class4 ExtraHeavy 14 1411 146 122
2012GovernmentofSingapore 46

DiameterofDuct 100mmto200mm >200mmto450mm >450mmto760mm >760mm

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

23

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FirefromPolypropyleneducting

2012GovernmentofSingapore

47

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign elbow

Elbowloss=kxVP K:elbowlossfactor

Linear interpolation: 30 degree elbow : 1/3 of the loss 45 degree elbow : 1/2 of the loss 60 degree elbow : 2/3 of the loss
2012GovernmentofSingapore 48

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

24

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign elbow
CentreLineRadiusR Acceptable: R=1.5xD R/D=1.5 Preferred: R/D=2or2.5 D R

2012GovernmentofSingapore

49

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

50

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

25

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign branchentry

Branchentryangle Acceptable:45degreeorless Preferable:30degreeorless


2012GovernmentofSingapore 51

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

EntryLossFraction
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5 60 90 Entrylossfractionk 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.44 1.00

Branch entry loss = k x VP k is Branch Entry Loss Factor


2012GovernmentofSingapore 52

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

26

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

BranchEntryAngle

2012GovernmentofSingapore

53

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctDesign transition

Enlargement

Contraction

Taperedtransitionwithaslopeof1to5
2012GovernmentofSingapore 54

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

27

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StaticPressureGain(R)forExpansion
SP2 = SP1 + R (VP1 - VP2)
SP1 SP2

Diameter2:Diameter1 5 10 15 20 25 30 90 1.25:1 1.5:1 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.84 0.76 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 1.75:1 2:1 0.80 0.70 0.62 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.76 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.40 2.5:1 0.68 0.53 0.43 0.43 0.28 0.25 0.25
55

2012GovernmentofSingapore

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StaticPressureLoss(L)forContraction
SP2 = SP1 (1 L) (VP2 - VP1)
SP1 SP2

5 10 15 20 25 30 45 60

LossFactorL 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.20 0.30


2012GovernmentofSingapore 56

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

28

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

AirCleaner designconsideration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CompatiblewithLEVcomponents Characteristicsofairstream Natureandconcentrationofcontaminants Efficiencyrequired Pressuredrop,energyandcost Maintenance Handling/disposalofcollected contaminants
2012GovernmentofSingapore 57

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Characteristics Of Air Cleaners Type SP Loss efficient if Relative cost size >, m Pa Electrostatic 0.25 2, 4 125 Fabric 0.25 2, 3 750 - 1500 Glass 2 750 - 2000 0.25 Packed tower 1-5 2 375 - 875 Wet centrifugal 1 5 2 625 - 1500 Wet dynamic 1-2 2 Orifice Types 2 625 - 1500 1 - 5 Fog tower 0.5 5 2 500 - 1000 Venturi 2 2500 - 25000 0.5 - 2 Low pressure cyclone 1 200 - 375 20 - 40 High efficiency centrifugal 750 - 1500 10 - 30 2 Dry dynamic 10 - 20 2 1 = lowest cost; 4 = highest cost
2012GovernmentofSingapore 58

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

29

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

AirCleaner filterresistance

System curve

Fan curve

Use dirty filter resistance (replacement pressure) for static pressure (SP) computation
2012GovernmentofSingapore 59

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

TypicalStaticPressure
SP=0

50mmwg

20mmwg SP=0

25mmwg

SPinlet 60mmwg

SPoutlet +8mmwg

Q
Hood AirCleaner

Fan

1. Designstage determineQandSP(representsthe resistanceoftheLEVsystem);SPinlet &SPoutlet 2. Operationstage measureQ,SP&otherparameters


2012GovernmentofSingapore 60

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

30

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Fan selectionfactors
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CapacityQ Fanstaticpressure Effectsofairstream&contaminants Downstreamofaircleaner Preferablyoutdoors 6in3outRule Vibrationisolationforfan&motor Flexiblesleevebandforpiping connection 9. Noiselevel 10. Maintenance

2012GovernmentofSingapore

61

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FanSelection 2parameters,Q&FSP/FTP

SP outlet

Q
SP inlet

FTP = SPoutlet+ |Spinlet| FSP = SPoutlet + |SPinlet| - VPinlet


2012GovernmentofSingapore 62

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

31

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FanSelection RPM basedonQ&FSP

FSP
RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 3 RPM 5 RPM 4

2012GovernmentofSingapore

63

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Motor Size
Q(cfm)xFTP(w.g.) AHP= 6,356 Q(cms)xFTP(mmw.g.) AkW = 102.2

Q(cms)xFTP(Pa) AkW = 1,000

2012GovernmentofSingapore

64

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

32

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

MotorSize Horsepower/KiloWatt
1 2 Airhorsepower(AHP)orkilowatts(AkW) Brakehorsepower(BHP)orkilowatts(BkW) AHP BHP= ME Shafthorsepower(SHP)orkilowatts(SkW) SHP=BHPxkdl 4 Ratedhorsepower(RHP)orkilowatts(RkW) RHP>1.33xSHP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 65

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DesignatSTP&OperateatnonSTP QnonSTP =QSTP FSPnonSTP =FSPSTP xd HPnonSTP =HPSTP xd

273+21 BP(mmHg) d= x 273+C 760(mmHg)


2012GovernmentofSingapore 66

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

33

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FanInstallation 6in&3outrule

3xD

6xD
6

Good

Poor

Straightfaninlet(6Xdiameter) Straightfanoutlet(3Xdiameter)
2012GovernmentofSingapore 67

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Fansaretestedunder 6in&3outRule

2012GovernmentofSingapore

68

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

34

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SystemEffectLoss
fan catalog curve
Actual fan performance due to system effect

2012GovernmentofSingapore

69

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FanInstallation vibrationconsideration

Fan & motor mounted on vibration isolators Flexible sleeve connecting to duct
2012GovernmentofSingapore 70

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

35

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VibrationIsolators&FlexibleSleeve

Flexible sleeve

isolators

2012GovernmentofSingapore

71

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FlammableGas/CombustibleDust Fan sparkproof fanimpeller bronzeandAlalloys fanhousing bronzeandAlalloys Motor explosiveproof

2012GovernmentofSingapore

72

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

36

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FanNoise Silencer

Soundpressurelevel<85dBA @1maway
2012GovernmentofSingapore 73

Noise Control Category

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace Award Winner

Pepperl + Fuchs (Manufacturing) Pte Ltd


Before After

Workers were exposed to noise generated from the fan motor of the overhead exhaust system

A pair of fan silencers were installed in the exhaust system to reduce noise emission

Before control After control Noise Reduction 83 dBA


Occupational Health Best Practices Award 2004

64 dBA

19 dBA
Copyright 2004, Occupational Health Department, Ministry of Manpower. All rights reserved.

2012GovernmentofSingapore

74

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

37

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StackDesign 3rules
1. Vertical discharge (no loss) 2. Stack velocity 3,000 fpm (15 m/s) 3. The 10 & 50 Rule

2012GovernmentofSingapore

75

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VerticalDischarge
1 Stack velocity = 3,000 fpm or 15 m/s (> 1.5 x wind velocity) 2 Prevent downwash for winds up to 2,000 fpm (10 m/s or 22 mph) 3 Prevent rain from entering the stack (since Vts of rain is 2,000 fpm or 10 m/s)
Raindrops 3,000fpm 15m/s

FanOff

2012GovernmentofSingapore

76

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

38

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

77

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

At30diameteraway,thevelocityis10%ofthefacevelocity.

2012GovernmentofSingapore

78

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

39

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

OffsetStack/OffsetElbow

Offset Stack
2012GovernmentofSingapore 79

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StackDesign the10&50Rule
50 ft (15 m) 10 ft (3 m)

2012GovernmentofSingapore

80

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

40

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LEVSystemDesign Methods

2012GovernmentofSingapore

81

LEVSystemDesign 3methods
Plenum

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Blast Gate Adjustment

Static Pressure Balance (Velocity Pressure method)


2012GovernmentofSingapore 82

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

41

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

System&FanCurves SystemOperatingPoint
System Curve

Fan Curve

Q=1,050cfm FSP=0.86w.g.

FSPQ2 FSP=0.86xQ2/1,0502

2012GovernmentofSingapore

83

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SystemDesign powerorenergycost

Fan should be centrally located Branches with higher resistance should be located closer to the fan
2012GovernmentofSingapore 84

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

42

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SystemDesign poweror energy cost

Plan Line Sketch

Fan is not centrally located Higher HP is required Problems in balancing air flow
2012GovernmentofSingapore 85

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LEV Inspection&Testing
1. Initialtest uponcommission 2. Regularvisualinspections daily,weekly&monthly 3. Periodictests yearly

2012GovernmentofSingapore

86

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

43

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

InitialTest(uponcommission) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Volumetricflowrate,Q Hoodstaticpressure,SPh Fanstaticpressure,FSP Fanspeed,RPM Pressuredropacrossaircleaning equipment

Verifydesignspecifications Asabaseline forsubsequenttests


2012GovernmentofSingapore 87

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Inspections(daily&weekly) Daily hood,hoodSP ductwork blastgateposition pressuredropacrossaircleaner access&cleanoutdoor flexiblesleeve aircleanercapacity fanhousing fanbelt stack
2012GovernmentofSingapore 88

Weekly

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

44

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VisualInspections(monthly)
Location Hood Ducting Aircleaner Fan Stack Checking Damage,crossdraft,capturing Damage,leakage,blockage,blastgate setting Damage,leakage,wastehandling Blade,rpm,rotationdirection,slipping, leakageatsleeve,noise/vibration Velocity&dispersion

2012GovernmentofSingapore

89

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LEVUsersChecklist
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Arecontaminantscapturedbytheexteriorhood? Areprocesses/operationscarriedoutwithinthe hood? Aretestingdevicese.g.SPgaugesinworkingconditions? Canyoufeelairmovementatthehoodface? Aredampersopen? Doesanyfreestandingfansblowonthehood? Anymakeupairsupply? Areworkpracticescorrect?

2012GovernmentofSingapore

90

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

45

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

HoodChecklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Controlvelocity capture,slot,facevelocity Hoodstaticpressure Exhaustvolume Physicalintegrity corrodedsurface Crossdraft&turbulentaircurrents

2012GovernmentofSingapore

91

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

DuctworkChecklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Physicalintegrity anyhole,dent? Plugging&blockage Damper/blastgatesetting Ductvelocity Ductsize,elbow&entry

2012GovernmentofSingapore

92

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

46

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

AirCleanerChecklist

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Physicalintegrity Leakagethroughaccessdoor Staticpressuredrop Wastematerialhandling Operation&maintenance

2012GovernmentofSingapore

93

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

ExhaustFan/MotorChecklist
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Direction of rotation Rotation speed, rpm Fan belt - any slipping / pulley Fan wheel / housing Flexible sleeve / coupling Fan SP / Fan TP Noise / vibration Motor rpm, rated HP, amp

2012GovernmentofSingapore

94

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

47

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

FlexibleSleeve

2012GovernmentofSingapore

95

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LEVMaintenance
1 Changingofcomponents bagfilter,waterinwetcollector,rubber lining,accessdoorseal,sleeve 2 Replacingofdefectiveparts

slippingfanbelt,corrodedblades,worn bearings 3 Lubrication

*ballbearings,rotatingshaft

2012GovernmentofSingapore

96

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

48

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

PeriodicTesting(onceayear)
Testing Faceor capture velocity HoodStatic Pressure Location Hoodopeningorpointof contaminantdispersion Purpose Hoodperformance

2(fortaperedhood)or Q=Ax4.043Ce SPh 4 (nontaperedhood) Checkpointforperformance Branch&main,6 DuctvelocityV=4.043SPh Q=VA Systemcheckpoint FSP;FTP;BHP/BKW SPassystemcheckpoint Pressuredropascheckpointfor maintenance
2012GovernmentofSingapore 97

Velocity Pressure& Static Pressure

Faninlet&outlet Aircleanerinlet&outlet

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

LEVTestingEquipment

2012GovernmentofSingapore

98

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

49

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

MeasurementusingSmokeTube

2012GovernmentofSingapore

99

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SmokeTube CaptureVelocity&AirFlowPattern
0.5mps (100fpm)

0.25to0.75mps (50to75fpm)

0.15mps (30fpm)

2012GovernmentofSingapore

100

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

50

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VelocityMeasurement

2012GovernmentofSingapore

101

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Pitot Tube&Manometer forSP,TP,VPmeasurement

2012GovernmentofSingapore

102

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

51

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StaticPressure
4D 2D D

SPVP SPV2 SPQ2

Tapered hood, measure SPh at 2 from hood Plain or flanged hood, measure at 3 or 4 away

2012GovernmentofSingapore

103

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SPasSystemCheckpointforPerformance
#5 #2 #4 motor #3 #1 Blastgate Aircleaner fan

Hood

Flexiblecoupling

Location Baseline Scenario1 Scenario2 Scenario3 Scenario4

1 19 10 9 2 16

2 20 11 46 3 17

3 46 56 58 5 38

4 51 58 61 40 60

5 +3 +1 +1 +6 +2

PossibleCause normal aircleanerclogged damperpartiallyclosed flexiblecouplingleaked Blockagebetween3&4


2012GovernmentofSingapore 104

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

52

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SPMeasurementsatInlet&Outletof AirCleaner&Fan

2012GovernmentofSingapore

105

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

V&VPMeasurements
VelocityProfileinaRoundDuct
6D 2D

6D

6 D downstream from hood or elbow & 2 D upstream from elbow


2012GovernmentofSingapore 106

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

53

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

MeasurementPointsinaCircularDuct

2012GovernmentofSingapore

107

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Pitot TubeMeasurementinmmw.g.&Pa
Pitot location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Avg VP mmwg 23.5 30.5 38.0 39.5 37.0 33.0 33.0 30.5 29.0 23.0 VP Pa 230 299 372 387 363 323 323 299 284 225 V m/s 19.6 22.3 24.9 25.4 24.6 23.2 23.2 22.3 21.7 19.4 22.7

V = 4.04 VP mm wg

V = 1.29 VP Pa
2012GovernmentofSingapore 108

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

54

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

MeasurementPointsInaRectangularDuct

Pitot traverse points in a rectangular duct centres of 16 to 64 equal areas Locations not more than 6 (15 cm) apart
2012GovernmentofSingapore 109

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

VerySmallDuct<6(15cm) measurecentrelineVPorV Vaverage =0.9Vcentreline VPaverage =0.8xVPcentreline Vaverage (m/s)=4.043VPaveragemm w.g. Vaverage (fpm)=4005VPaveragew.g.
Vcl or VPcl

Q=Vaverage xA
2012GovernmentofSingapore 110

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

55

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Measurement/Testing equipmentchecklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Smoketube Velometer oranemometer Pitot tube&manometer Exercise/notebook Drill&bit Tapemeasure Ladder,rag RPMmeter Ladder
2012GovernmentofSingapore 111

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Measurement/Testing checklist/form
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Linesketch HoodSP Capturevelocity Facevelocity Slotvelocity Ductvelocity Airflowrate Systemstaticpressure Aircleanerpressuredrop FanSP/FanTP,Fanrpm MotorratedHP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 112

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

56

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

ReducedAirFlow possiblecauses
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Plugged or dented duct Holes in ducts or elbow Closed blast gate to the branch Opened blast gates to other branches Additional branches added Clogged air cleaner Opened access door Slipping fan belt Worn out blades Fan turning in reverse direction
2012GovernmentofSingapore 113

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SystemTroubleshooting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Dirtygrillework Crossdraft Workingtoofarfromhood Cloggedduct Blastgateclosed Smallradiuselbow Cloggedorundersizefilter Holesinductsorsectionofductremoved Fan/motorundersize
2012GovernmentofSingapore 114

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

57

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

SystemTroubleshooting 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Brokenorslippingfanbelt Centrifugalfaninreverse,movesabout 25%ofratedcapacity Damagedfanimpellershaftorbearing Ductelbowatfanoutlet Coneweathercapcloserthan1duct diametertostack Insufficientmakeupair Recirculationofcontaminatedair
2012GovernmentofSingapore 115

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

MakeupAir
Makeupair>Exhaustairbyupto 10% Makeupair<Exhaustairbyupto 10% +ve pressuretopreventingressof pollutants ve pressuretopreventegressof contaminants

Makeupairflowstoworkersthento Supplycleanairtoworkersfirst localexhaustsystem Makeupairisintroducedat2.4to3 Supplyairtolivingzone mfromfloor Makeupairvelocityshouldnotbe toohigh Preventdraftandcrossdraft

2012GovernmentofSingapore

116

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

58

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

RecirculationofExhaustAir
Recirculationisdiscouragedfor toxiccontaminants Forrelativelylesstoxic contaminants Effectiveaircleanerisavailable Monitoringsystemisprovided Recirculationshouldbealastresort NotforCMRandtoxicmetals ToremovecontaminantstobelowitsPEL Togivewarning/initiateactionto preventbuildupofcontaminants

Primary air cleaner Source of airborne contaminants

fan

Secondary air cleaner Sensor & alarm


2012GovernmentofSingapore 117

Bypass damper

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

IndustrialVentilationProgramme 1 2 Writtenpolicyonindustrialventilation DocumentationofLEVsystem designdrawings/specifications,standard operatingprocedures 3 4 5 6 Periodicinspections&testing Regularmaintenance Trainingtechnicalpersonnel&LEVusers Recordkeeping


2012GovernmentofSingapore 118

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

59

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

119

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

120

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

60

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

121

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

122

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

61

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

123

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

124

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

62

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

StampedElbow
90 stamped elbow R/D = 0.75; f = 0.33 Elbow loss = 0.33 x VP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 125

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

CanopyWeatherCaps

2012GovernmentofSingapore

126

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

63

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

2012GovernmentofSingapore

127

AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

Recirculation solderingfumes

2012GovernmentofSingapore

128

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

64

2012AsiaPacificBreakoutSession#4 TechnicalTrack: GuidelinesontheDesign,Operation+MaintenanceofLocalExhaustVentilationSystems TanKiaTang


AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace

PlenumDesign

2012GovernmentofSingapore

129

2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November

65

Você também pode gostar