Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
GuidelinesonDesign,Operation&Maintenanceof LocalExhaustVentilationSystems
TanKiaTang OSHSpecialistDepartment 2012
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
References
1. IndustrialVentilation.AManualofRecommendedPractice. AmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists. ACGIH25thEdition2003. 2. ANSIZ9.22001 FundamentalsGoverningtheDesignand OperationofLEVSystems.AmericanIndustrialHygiene Association.AIHA2001. 3. GuideforTestingVentilationSystems.AmericanConferenceof GovernmentalIndustrialHygienists.ACGIH1991. 4. Maintenance,ExaminationandTestingofLEV,Health&Safety Executive.HSE1999 5. GuidelinesonDesign,Operation&MaintenanceofLEVSystems. MOMSingapore2006. 6. IndustrialVentilationWorkbook.D.JeffBurton.4th Edition2001.
2012GovernmentofSingapore 2
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
GuidelinesonDesign,Operation&MaintenanceofLEVSystems2006
http://www.mom.gov.sg/Documents/safety-health/factsheets-circulars/Local%20Exhaust%20Ventilation.pdf
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Introduction ExhaustHood DuctingSystem AirCleaningEquipment ExhaustFan Stack Replacement&RecirculatedAir Operation&Maintenance Testing Annexes
Intension is to develop this into Singapore Standard (SS) to be published by SPRING Singapore
2012GovernmentofSingapore 3
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
LegalRequirements
Workplace Safety & Health (General Provisions) Regulations Regulation 39 Toxic dust, fumes or other contaminants (1) All reasonably practicable measures shall be taken to: (a) prevent the accumulation of toxic airborne contaminants in the workplace; and (b) protect persons against exposure to the contaminants (2) The measures shall, where appropriate, include: (a) isolation (b) closed system (c) local exhaust ventilation (d) dilution ventilation; and (e) wetting
2012GovernmentofSingapore 4
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
39 (3) The local exhaust ventilation system shall be so designed, constructed, operated & maintained that the dust, fumes, gas, vapour, mist, fibre or other contaminants are safely & effectively removed at the source of generation & are not dispersed or scattered in the surrounding air.
2012GovernmentofSingapore
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
ALEVSystem
stack
2012GovernmentofSingapore
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
Metric m kg C mmw.g.
SI m Kg C kPa
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
StandardConditionsforAirinVentilation (ACGIHSTP)
Temperature Pressure Density 21C (70F) 1 atm (760 mm Hg, 407 water, 101.3 kPa) 1.20 kg/m3 (0.075 lb/ft3)
Relative Humidity 0%
Hg
2012GovernmentofSingapore
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
VentilationSystem 5parameterstofullydefineanyventilationsystem
1 Airflowrate,Q
Q=VxA
2 3 4 5
AirVelocity,V DuctXsectionarea,A
TP = SP + VP
Velocitypressure,VP Staticpressure,SP
2012GovernmentofSingapore
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
VelocityPressure(VP)
Pressurerequiredtoacceleratetheairfromrest toitsexistingvelocity Pressure exerted by moving air in the direction of flow VP is a kinetic energy It is always positive
V(fpm)=4,005 VPw.g. V(m/s)=4.043 VPmmw.g. V(m/s)=1.29 VPPa
V VP or VP V2
2012GovernmentofSingapore
10
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
2012GovernmentofSingapore
11
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SP = Gauge Pressure
SP=absolutepressureinsideduct absolute atmosphericpressure
duct pressure = 406 w.g. atm pressure = 407 w.g. SP = 406 407 w.g. = -1 w.g.
2012GovernmentofSingapore 12
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
Downstream SP is +
+SP VP
Exhaust Fan
2012GovernmentofSingapore
13
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
TP = SP + VP VP = TP SP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 14
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
LEVSystemDesign 3generalsteps
Hooddesign Q&hoodstaticpressure,SPh
FanSelection Q&FTP/FSP
2012GovernmentofSingapore
15
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Types of Hood Plainopening Taperedhood Slothood Flangedhood Booth Canopy grille others
2012GovernmentofSingapore 16
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
1 containthe Enclosure emission 2 receive the Receiving contaminants hood 3 capture the Exterior contaminates hood
2012GovernmentofSingapore 17
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
HoodDesignPrinciples
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Enclosetheoperationasmuchaspossible Locate thehoodasclosetotheemissionsourceas possible Locatethehoodtoreceivethecontaminant Removethecontaminantawayfromthebreathingzone Capture thecontaminantwithsufficientvelocity&airflow Protecthoodsfromcrossdraft Ensureevenairflowintothehoods Provideflangesorbaffleswhereverpossibletoeliminate airflowfromcontaminantfreezones
2012GovernmentofSingapore
18
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
Good
Bad
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Q = V (10 X2 + A )
Q X2 New hood - If X is double, Q will be increased by 4X V 1 / X2 Existing hood If X is double, V will be reduced by 4 X
2012GovernmentofSingapore 20
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
10
Blowingvs Suction 30 D
Blowing FAN
D
At 30D: For same Q, 10% Vf
D
Suction Q = V (10 X2 + A ) V 1 / X2
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
3 Provideaflangewheneverpossible
w A X D
Flangewidth
w=X D
Forbighoods w=6
2012GovernmentofSingapore
22
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
11
FlangedHood
Q=V(10X2+A)
unflangedhood
Q=0.75 V(10X2+A)flangedhood New hood a flange reduces Q by 25% Existing hood a flange increases capture velocity
2012GovernmentofSingapore 23
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
4 RemovetheContaminantsawayfromthe breathingzone
Bad Good
Use slot hood instead of canopy hood for open surface tank if persons have to bend over the tank
2012GovernmentofSingapore 24
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
12
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SlotHoodsforOpenSurfaceTanks
L W
W < 4 ft (1.2 m) L W
W > 4 ft (1.2 m)
2012GovernmentofSingapore
26
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
13
5 PositionHoodtoReceiveContaminants
2012GovernmentofSingapore
27
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
ProtectHoodfromCrossdraft
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
14
7 EnsureEvenAirFlowintoHood(Booth)
Booth
solutions usingvanes,slotsorbaffles
Vanes
Slots
Baffles
2012GovernmentofSingapore 29
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2 HoodStaticPressure SPh
Energyrequiredtoacceleratethe airfrom0velocitytocertain velocitypressureVP,&toovercome theresistance(he)atthehood
SPh = VP + he
2012GovernmentofSingapore
30
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
15
Volumetric Airflow Rate Q 1. Theoretical calculation simple mathematics 2. Empirical formula - by experiment
2012GovernmentofSingapore
31
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
AirFlowRateQ EmpiricalFormula
2012GovernmentofSingapore
32
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
16
SelectionofCaptureVelocity
Dispersion condition Practicallyno velocity Lowvelocity release Activerelease Highvelocity release Example fpm m/s
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SPh VP
SPh V2
SPh Q2
2012GovernmentofSingapore
34
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
17
EntryLossFactorffortaperedhoods
Includedangle 15 30 45 60 90 120 150 180 Roundhood 0.15VP 0.08VP 0.06VP 0.08VP 0.15VP 0.26VP 0.40VP 0.50VP Rectangularhood 0.25VP 0.16VP 0.15VP 0.17VP 0.25VP 0.35VP 0.48VP 0.50VP
2012GovernmentofSingapore
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Hood/Duct constructionmaterials
Material Galvanizedsheetmetal Blackiron Stainlesssteel PVCorotherplastics Condition Lowtemperature&non corrosivecontaminants <480C >480C Corrosivecontaminants
2012GovernmentofSingapore
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
35 36
18
HoodConstruction thickness
1. Thickness at least 2 gauges heavier than the connecting duct 2. Provide a tapered transition piece between the hood & exhaust duct
2012GovernmentofSingapore 37
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
DuctDesign 2parameters
1. Sizingductdiameter 2. Determiningstaticpressurelosses Frictionloss Elbowloss Branchentryloss Transitionloss
2012GovernmentofSingapore
38
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
19
DuctDesign basicrules 1. AdequateductvelocityV (min.10m/sor2,000fpm) 2. Minimiseresistance(SPlosses) minimumlength nosharpelbow/bend norightanglejoints noabruptchangesinsection nointernalobstruction
2012GovernmentofSingapore 39
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
DuctDesign sizingofduct
d
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
20
DuctDesign ductvelocity
US unit, ft/min Gas, vapor, smoke Fumes Very fine & light dust Dry dust & powder Industrial dust Heavy dust Very heavy dust 1,200 2,000 1,400 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,500 3,500 3,500 4,000 4,000 4,500 > 4,500 Metric, m/s 6 - 10 7 - 10 10 -12.5 12.5 - 17.5 17.5 - 20 20 - 22.5 > 22.5
2012GovernmentofSingapore
41
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
42
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
21
DustDesign useroundduct
Advantages: 1. resistscollapsebetterthanothershapes 2. useslessmaterialsthanrectangularducts 3. providesbetteraerosoltransportconditions EquivalentDiameter (LxW)0.625 Deq =1.3 (L+W)0.25
W L
2012GovernmentofSingapore
43
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
22
MetalThickness&Classification
Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
23
FirefromPolypropyleneducting
2012GovernmentofSingapore
47
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
DuctDesign elbow
Elbowloss=kxVP K:elbowlossfactor
Linear interpolation: 30 degree elbow : 1/3 of the loss 45 degree elbow : 1/2 of the loss 60 degree elbow : 2/3 of the loss
2012GovernmentofSingapore 48
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
24
DuctDesign elbow
CentreLineRadiusR Acceptable: R=1.5xD R/D=1.5 Preferred: R/D=2or2.5 D R
2012GovernmentofSingapore
49
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
50
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
25
DuctDesign branchentry
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
EntryLossFraction
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5 60 90 Entrylossfractionk 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.28 0.32 0.44 1.00
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
26
BranchEntryAngle
2012GovernmentofSingapore
53
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
DuctDesign transition
Enlargement
Contraction
Taperedtransitionwithaslopeof1to5
2012GovernmentofSingapore 54
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
27
StaticPressureGain(R)forExpansion
SP2 = SP1 + R (VP1 - VP2)
SP1 SP2
Diameter2:Diameter1 5 10 15 20 25 30 90 1.25:1 1.5:1 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.84 0.76 0.70 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.62 1.75:1 2:1 0.80 0.70 0.62 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.50 0.76 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.40 2.5:1 0.68 0.53 0.43 0.43 0.28 0.25 0.25
55
2012GovernmentofSingapore
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
StaticPressureLoss(L)forContraction
SP2 = SP1 (1 L) (VP2 - VP1)
SP1 SP2
5 10 15 20 25 30 45 60
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
28
AirCleaner designconsideration 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. CompatiblewithLEVcomponents Characteristicsofairstream Natureandconcentrationofcontaminants Efficiencyrequired Pressuredrop,energyandcost Maintenance Handling/disposalofcollected contaminants
2012GovernmentofSingapore 57
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Characteristics Of Air Cleaners Type SP Loss efficient if Relative cost size >, m Pa Electrostatic 0.25 2, 4 125 Fabric 0.25 2, 3 750 - 1500 Glass 2 750 - 2000 0.25 Packed tower 1-5 2 375 - 875 Wet centrifugal 1 5 2 625 - 1500 Wet dynamic 1-2 2 Orifice Types 2 625 - 1500 1 - 5 Fog tower 0.5 5 2 500 - 1000 Venturi 2 2500 - 25000 0.5 - 2 Low pressure cyclone 1 200 - 375 20 - 40 High efficiency centrifugal 750 - 1500 10 - 30 2 Dry dynamic 10 - 20 2 1 = lowest cost; 4 = highest cost
2012GovernmentofSingapore 58
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
29
AirCleaner filterresistance
System curve
Fan curve
Use dirty filter resistance (replacement pressure) for static pressure (SP) computation
2012GovernmentofSingapore 59
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
TypicalStaticPressure
SP=0
50mmwg
20mmwg SP=0
25mmwg
SPinlet 60mmwg
SPoutlet +8mmwg
Q
Hood AirCleaner
Fan
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
30
Fan selectionfactors
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. CapacityQ Fanstaticpressure Effectsofairstream&contaminants Downstreamofaircleaner Preferablyoutdoors 6in3outRule Vibrationisolationforfan&motor Flexiblesleevebandforpiping connection 9. Noiselevel 10. Maintenance
2012GovernmentofSingapore
61
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
FanSelection 2parameters,Q&FSP/FTP
SP outlet
Q
SP inlet
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
31
FSP
RPM 1 RPM 2 RPM 3 RPM 5 RPM 4
2012GovernmentofSingapore
63
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Motor Size
Q(cfm)xFTP(w.g.) AHP= 6,356 Q(cms)xFTP(mmw.g.) AkW = 102.2
2012GovernmentofSingapore
64
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
32
MotorSize Horsepower/KiloWatt
1 2 Airhorsepower(AHP)orkilowatts(AkW) Brakehorsepower(BHP)orkilowatts(BkW) AHP BHP= ME Shafthorsepower(SHP)orkilowatts(SkW) SHP=BHPxkdl 4 Ratedhorsepower(RHP)orkilowatts(RkW) RHP>1.33xSHP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 65
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
33
FanInstallation 6in&3outrule
3xD
6xD
6
Good
Poor
Straightfaninlet(6Xdiameter) Straightfanoutlet(3Xdiameter)
2012GovernmentofSingapore 67
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Fansaretestedunder 6in&3outRule
2012GovernmentofSingapore
68
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
34
SystemEffectLoss
fan catalog curve
Actual fan performance due to system effect
2012GovernmentofSingapore
69
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
FanInstallation vibrationconsideration
Fan & motor mounted on vibration isolators Flexible sleeve connecting to duct
2012GovernmentofSingapore 70
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
35
VibrationIsolators&FlexibleSleeve
Flexible sleeve
isolators
2012GovernmentofSingapore
71
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
72
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
36
FanNoise Silencer
Soundpressurelevel<85dBA @1maway
2012GovernmentofSingapore 73
Workers were exposed to noise generated from the fan motor of the overhead exhaust system
A pair of fan silencers were installed in the exhaust system to reduce noise emission
64 dBA
19 dBA
Copyright 2004, Occupational Health Department, Ministry of Manpower. All rights reserved.
2012GovernmentofSingapore
74
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
37
StackDesign 3rules
1. Vertical discharge (no loss) 2. Stack velocity 3,000 fpm (15 m/s) 3. The 10 & 50 Rule
2012GovernmentofSingapore
75
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
VerticalDischarge
1 Stack velocity = 3,000 fpm or 15 m/s (> 1.5 x wind velocity) 2 Prevent downwash for winds up to 2,000 fpm (10 m/s or 22 mph) 3 Prevent rain from entering the stack (since Vts of rain is 2,000 fpm or 10 m/s)
Raindrops 3,000fpm 15m/s
FanOff
2012GovernmentofSingapore
76
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
38
2012GovernmentofSingapore
77
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
At30diameteraway,thevelocityis10%ofthefacevelocity.
2012GovernmentofSingapore
78
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
39
OffsetStack/OffsetElbow
Offset Stack
2012GovernmentofSingapore 79
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
StackDesign the10&50Rule
50 ft (15 m) 10 ft (3 m)
2012GovernmentofSingapore
80
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
40
LEVSystemDesign Methods
2012GovernmentofSingapore
81
LEVSystemDesign 3methods
Plenum
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
41
System&FanCurves SystemOperatingPoint
System Curve
Fan Curve
Q=1,050cfm FSP=0.86w.g.
FSPQ2 FSP=0.86xQ2/1,0502
2012GovernmentofSingapore
83
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SystemDesign powerorenergycost
Fan should be centrally located Branches with higher resistance should be located closer to the fan
2012GovernmentofSingapore 84
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
42
Fan is not centrally located Higher HP is required Problems in balancing air flow
2012GovernmentofSingapore 85
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
LEV Inspection&Testing
1. Initialtest uponcommission 2. Regularvisualinspections daily,weekly&monthly 3. Periodictests yearly
2012GovernmentofSingapore
86
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
43
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Inspections(daily&weekly) Daily hood,hoodSP ductwork blastgateposition pressuredropacrossaircleaner access&cleanoutdoor flexiblesleeve aircleanercapacity fanhousing fanbelt stack
2012GovernmentofSingapore 88
Weekly
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
44
VisualInspections(monthly)
Location Hood Ducting Aircleaner Fan Stack Checking Damage,crossdraft,capturing Damage,leakage,blockage,blastgate setting Damage,leakage,wastehandling Blade,rpm,rotationdirection,slipping, leakageatsleeve,noise/vibration Velocity&dispersion
2012GovernmentofSingapore
89
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
LEVUsersChecklist
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Arecontaminantscapturedbytheexteriorhood? Areprocesses/operationscarriedoutwithinthe hood? Aretestingdevicese.g.SPgaugesinworkingconditions? Canyoufeelairmovementatthehoodface? Aredampersopen? Doesanyfreestandingfansblowonthehood? Anymakeupairsupply? Areworkpracticescorrect?
2012GovernmentofSingapore
90
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
45
2012GovernmentofSingapore
91
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
92
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
46
AirCleanerChecklist
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2012GovernmentofSingapore
93
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
ExhaustFan/MotorChecklist
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Direction of rotation Rotation speed, rpm Fan belt - any slipping / pulley Fan wheel / housing Flexible sleeve / coupling Fan SP / Fan TP Noise / vibration Motor rpm, rated HP, amp
2012GovernmentofSingapore
94
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
47
FlexibleSleeve
2012GovernmentofSingapore
95
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
LEVMaintenance
1 Changingofcomponents bagfilter,waterinwetcollector,rubber lining,accessdoorseal,sleeve 2 Replacingofdefectiveparts
*ballbearings,rotatingshaft
2012GovernmentofSingapore
96
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
48
PeriodicTesting(onceayear)
Testing Faceor capture velocity HoodStatic Pressure Location Hoodopeningorpointof contaminantdispersion Purpose Hoodperformance
2(fortaperedhood)or Q=Ax4.043Ce SPh 4 (nontaperedhood) Checkpointforperformance Branch&main,6 DuctvelocityV=4.043SPh Q=VA Systemcheckpoint FSP;FTP;BHP/BKW SPassystemcheckpoint Pressuredropascheckpointfor maintenance
2012GovernmentofSingapore 97
Faninlet&outlet Aircleanerinlet&outlet
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
LEVTestingEquipment
2012GovernmentofSingapore
98
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
49
MeasurementusingSmokeTube
2012GovernmentofSingapore
99
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SmokeTube CaptureVelocity&AirFlowPattern
0.5mps (100fpm)
0.25to0.75mps (50to75fpm)
0.15mps (30fpm)
2012GovernmentofSingapore
100
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
50
VelocityMeasurement
2012GovernmentofSingapore
101
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
102
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
51
StaticPressure
4D 2D D
Tapered hood, measure SPh at 2 from hood Plain or flanged hood, measure at 3 or 4 away
2012GovernmentofSingapore
103
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SPasSystemCheckpointforPerformance
#5 #2 #4 motor #3 #1 Blastgate Aircleaner fan
Hood
Flexiblecoupling
1 19 10 9 2 16
2 20 11 46 3 17
3 46 56 58 5 38
4 51 58 61 40 60
5 +3 +1 +1 +6 +2
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
52
SPMeasurementsatInlet&Outletof AirCleaner&Fan
2012GovernmentofSingapore
105
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
V&VPMeasurements
VelocityProfileinaRoundDuct
6D 2D
6D
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
53
MeasurementPointsinaCircularDuct
2012GovernmentofSingapore
107
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Pitot TubeMeasurementinmmw.g.&Pa
Pitot location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Avg VP mmwg 23.5 30.5 38.0 39.5 37.0 33.0 33.0 30.5 29.0 23.0 VP Pa 230 299 372 387 363 323 323 299 284 225 V m/s 19.6 22.3 24.9 25.4 24.6 23.2 23.2 22.3 21.7 19.4 22.7
V = 4.04 VP mm wg
V = 1.29 VP Pa
2012GovernmentofSingapore 108
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
54
MeasurementPointsInaRectangularDuct
Pitot traverse points in a rectangular duct centres of 16 to 64 equal areas Locations not more than 6 (15 cm) apart
2012GovernmentofSingapore 109
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
VerySmallDuct<6(15cm) measurecentrelineVPorV Vaverage =0.9Vcentreline VPaverage =0.8xVPcentreline Vaverage (m/s)=4.043VPaveragemm w.g. Vaverage (fpm)=4005VPaveragew.g.
Vcl or VPcl
Q=Vaverage xA
2012GovernmentofSingapore 110
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
55
Measurement/Testing equipmentchecklist 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Smoketube Velometer oranemometer Pitot tube&manometer Exercise/notebook Drill&bit Tapemeasure Ladder,rag RPMmeter Ladder
2012GovernmentofSingapore 111
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Measurement/Testing checklist/form
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Linesketch HoodSP Capturevelocity Facevelocity Slotvelocity Ductvelocity Airflowrate Systemstaticpressure Aircleanerpressuredrop FanSP/FanTP,Fanrpm MotorratedHP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 112
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
56
ReducedAirFlow possiblecauses
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Plugged or dented duct Holes in ducts or elbow Closed blast gate to the branch Opened blast gates to other branches Additional branches added Clogged air cleaner Opened access door Slipping fan belt Worn out blades Fan turning in reverse direction
2012GovernmentofSingapore 113
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
SystemTroubleshooting 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Dirtygrillework Crossdraft Workingtoofarfromhood Cloggedduct Blastgateclosed Smallradiuselbow Cloggedorundersizefilter Holesinductsorsectionofductremoved Fan/motorundersize
2012GovernmentofSingapore 114
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
57
SystemTroubleshooting 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Brokenorslippingfanbelt Centrifugalfaninreverse,movesabout 25%ofratedcapacity Damagedfanimpellershaftorbearing Ductelbowatfanoutlet Coneweathercapcloserthan1duct diametertostack Insufficientmakeupair Recirculationofcontaminatedair
2012GovernmentofSingapore 115
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
MakeupAir
Makeupair>Exhaustairbyupto 10% Makeupair<Exhaustairbyupto 10% +ve pressuretopreventingressof pollutants ve pressuretopreventegressof contaminants
2012GovernmentofSingapore
116
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
58
RecirculationofExhaustAir
Recirculationisdiscouragedfor toxiccontaminants Forrelativelylesstoxic contaminants Effectiveaircleanerisavailable Monitoringsystemisprovided Recirculationshouldbealastresort NotforCMRandtoxicmetals ToremovecontaminantstobelowitsPEL Togivewarning/initiateactionto preventbuildupofcontaminants
fan
Bypass damper
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
59
2012GovernmentofSingapore
119
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
120
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
60
2012GovernmentofSingapore
121
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
122
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
61
2012GovernmentofSingapore
123
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
2012GovernmentofSingapore
124
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
62
StampedElbow
90 stamped elbow R/D = 0.75; f = 0.33 Elbow loss = 0.33 x VP
2012GovernmentofSingapore 125
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
CanopyWeatherCaps
2012GovernmentofSingapore
126
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
63
2012GovernmentofSingapore
127
AGreatWorkforceAGreatWorkplace
Recirculation solderingfumes
2012GovernmentofSingapore
128
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
64
PlenumDesign
2012GovernmentofSingapore
129
2012AsiaPacificOH+EHSConference+Exhibition Singapore,1416November
65