Regulation and Safety requirements for civil structures

Pierre.lazzarini@edf.fr

EDF / SEPTEN

Regulation and safety requirements for civil works

1. Regulation : Laws / decrees / standards / codes

The regulation in France A quick look at US and UK

2. Safety requirements

General considerations about civil works Safety requirements for civil works in EPR

EDF / SEPTEN

1. Regulation
The regulation in France A look at UK & US situation

EDF / SEPTEN

General architecture of regulation

General application Compulsory
legislative field Parliament

Laws
Decrees, departme ntal order s ASN decis ions

Regulatory field

Executive power

RFS fund am

ental safet y rules ASN guid e s Technical Directives

Industry

Standardisation field

Design an d Construct ion codes Standards

Internal te chnical ru les

Technically specific Possible deviations

EDF / SEPTEN

Laws and decrees

TSN LAW (June 16th 2006)

} } }

TSN = Transparency and Security in Nuclear field TSN Law unifies previous laws and decrees Completed by several decrees which provide for application details

EDF / SEPTEN

Laws and decrees

TSN LAW (June 16th 2006)
}

Create ASN :
y Independent regulatory authority y With a large power :
y Technical and regulatory decisions y Control of nuclear facilities y Public information y Management of emergency situations y Technical enquiries y Advices and recommendations to the Government y Licensing of nuclear facilities

EDF / SEPTEN

Laws and decrees

TSN LAW (June 16th 2006)
}

Security in Nuclear field is defined as :

1. Nuclear safety 2. Radioprotection 3. Prevention, mitigation of malicious acts 4. Organisation of public safety in case of accident Civil Eng. Concerned

Protected stakes :
1. Public safety 2. Public health 3. Public healthiness 4. Nature and environment protection Civil Eng. Concerned

EDF / SEPTEN

Laws and decrees concerning Civ. Eng.

RTGE Decree (Dec. 31th 1999)
} }

RTGE = Environmental General Technical Regulation Prevention and mitigation of non-nuclear environmental impacts
1. Noise and vibrations 2. Atmospheric pollution prevention 3. Prevention of water pollution 4. Waste management 5. Fire risks 6. Nuclear risks

EDF / SEPTEN

Laws and decrees concerning Civ. Eng.

Regulation about working conditions and protection of workers health
} } }

Radio protection Fire protection and fire escape routes Etc

Quality Decree (1984)

}

Related to Quality Assurance in Nuclear activities

Others .
9 EDF / SEPTEN

RFS and ASN guides

RFS & ASN Guides
} }

RFS = Fundamental Safety Rule. The latest ones are named "Guides" Issued by ASN

What are they ?

} } } }

Dedicated to a specific technical field Fix safety objectives Define technically acceptable practice Reflect the state of knowledge at the date of issue Possible evolutions Possibility of deviations : with adequate justification that safety objectives are met
EDF / SEPTEN

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RFS and ASN guides

RFS & ASN Guides concerning Civ. Eng.
} } }

RFS I.2.a. Aircraft crash risks (August 1980). RFS I.2.b. Turbine missile risks (Agust 1980). RFS I.2.d. Risks in connection with industrial environment and transport ways (May 1982). RFS I.2.e. external flooding risk (April 1984). RFS I.3.b. Seismic instrumentation (June 1984). RFS I.3.c.Geological and geotechnical surveys (August 1985). RFS IV.l.a. Classification of mechanical components, electrical systems, civil structures and buildings (December 1984).

} } } }

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EDF / SEPTEN

RFS and ASN guides

RFS & ASN Guides concerning Civ. Eng.

RFS-V.2.b. General design and construction code for civil works (rf.: code RCC-G), (July 1981). RFS-V.2.f Fire protection (rf.: code RCC-I), (December 1982). RFS-V.2.g. Seismic calculations of civil works (December 1985). RFS-V.2.h. General design and construction code for civil works (rf.: code RCC-G), (June 1986). RFS-V.2.j.Fire protection (November 1988). RFS 2001-01 : Seismic ground motion (May 2001) ASN Guide 2-01 : Seismic calculations of civil works (2002)

} } }

} } }

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EDF / SEPTEN

Design & construction codes

Requested by French authorities at the beginning of the nuclear

program:
}

Formalization of technical rules specifications applicable to design and construction of PWR in France

Written by EDF in cooperation of independent experts

Objectives
} } }

Facilitate the technical instructions with ASN Simplify the contractual technical relation between EDF and contractors, A set of documents representing the technical French practice (exportation China, Korea, South Africa) Some of them approved by ASN through RFS
EDF / SEPTEN

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Design & construction codes

List of codes connected to Civil engineering and construction

RCC-G (1981) = Design and Construction Code Civil structures CPY - 900MW PWR RCC-G (1985) = Design and Construction Code Civil structures P4 P'4 N4 1300 / 1450 MW PWR ETC-C = EPR Technical Code Civil structures

RCC-I (1987) = Design and Construction Code Fire protection N4 ETC-F = EPR Technical Code Fire protection

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EDF / SEPTEN

A quick look at US and UK situation

In the US
}A

comprehensive set of codes, guides and standards :

y ACI codes 349 and 359 (civil engineering) y ASME code

In the UK
} Only

general documents

y SAPs : Safety Assessment Principles y Safety case based on ALARP approach

} The

designer, or the Nuclear Utility, can chose its codes and standards, but must prove that the design complies with SAPs,

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EDF / SEPTEN

2. Safety requirements
for civil structures
./ General considerations on civil works
functions ./ EPR case study

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EDF / SEPTEN

2. Safety requirements
for civil structures
./ General considerations on civil works
functions

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EDF / SEPTEN

Functions of civil structures in Nuc. safety

Safety functions

Reactivity control

Power dissipation

radioactivity confinment 3 barriers

Fuel casing

Bearing and protection of safety related and safeguard systems

Bearing and protection of safety related and safeguard systems

1st barrier
Primary Circuit / Reactor vessel

2nd barrier
Containment wall

Nuclear Fuel

3rd barrier
Bearing and protection of safety related and safeguard systems Radioprotection

Fuel Casing Reactor Vessel

Containment Wall

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EDF / SEPTEN

Main requirements for Civil Struc.

Main requirements related to Safety Functions

} Stability } Equipment } Tightness } Containment

bearing

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EDF / SEPTEN

Main requirements for Civil Struc

Stability
} Lowest

level of requirement = No collapse

Objective not met

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Objective met

Main requirements for Civil Struc

Equipment bearing

The civil structures must bear the main components even during and after accidental situations. Limitation of deformation and cracking

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EDF / SEPTEN

Main requirements for Civil Struc

Tightness (liquids)
} Pools

Tanks etc

} Generally

obtained by a steel liner : limitation of cracking and composite liner

} Sometimes

Spent fuel Pool Fuel Building

22 EDF / SEPTEN

Main requirements for Civil Struc

Containment (gaz tightness)

Obtained by :
Steel liner Concrete pre-stressing

(drastic reduction of cracking) containment wall

Nuclear Fuel

Limitation of cracking
Fuel Casing Reactor Vessel

low pressure depression

Dynamic containment / ventilation

Containment Wall

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EDF / SEPTEN

Main requirements for Civil Struc

Criteria severity v/s Requirements severity

Containment Criteria severity

Liquid tightness Equipment bearing Stability Requirements

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EDF / SEPTEN

Other requirements
Mechanical protection

Biological protection
} For

workers and equipments

Fire protection
}

Trains segregation

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EDF / SEPTEN

2. Safety requirements
for civil structures
./ EPR case study

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EDF / SEPTEN

EPR Buildings

1 . Reactor B. 2. Fuel B. 3. Safeguard B. 4. Diesel B. 5. Nuclear auxiliaries B. 6. Waste treatment B. 7. Turbine hall

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EDF / SEPTEN

Design assumptions for safety assesment

Categories of operating conditions taken into account for design :
} Referenced } Multiple

operating conditions : PCC1 to PCC4

failure operating conditions (RRC-A) and severe accident conditions (RRC-B) hazards hazards

} Internal

} External

} Conditions

taken into account as defence in-depth / design margins : LOCA 2A, LOCA + Earthquake

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EDF / SEPTEN

Design assumptions for safety assesment

Referenced operating conditions
} Normal

operating conditions = 6 reactor states / PCC1 category

y Facility lifespan (60 years) y Ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, irradiation) y Periodic tests y Normal climatic conditions
} Incidental

& accidental transients = PCC2 to PCC4 categories

y Ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, irradiation)

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EDF / SEPTEN

Design assumptions for safety assesment

Operating conditions with multiple failure (RRC-A) and severe

accidents (RRC-B)
} RRC-A

conditions are less severe than PCC4 accidental transients Not taken into account conditions / Severe accidents

} RRC-B

y Ambient conditions (Temp. Pressure, Irradiation) + pressure margin y Hydrogen combustion / deflagration

Internal hazards
y High energy pipes break y Internal flooding y Internal missiles & load fall y Fire
30 EDF / SEPTEN

Design assumptions for safety assesment

External hazards
} Design

basis earthquake (DE) & inspection earthquake (or Safe shutdown earthquake / SSE) crash (APC) explosion flooding & underground water raise meteorological conditions

} Aircraft

} External } External

} Exceptional

Defence in-depth / design margins

} LOCA-2A } LOCA

+ earthquake

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EDF / SEPTEN

Safety Requirements
Safety requirements are defined as the list of functional criteria that

must be guaranteed in each scenario considered in the safety assessment.

The functional criteria depend of :
} The } The

scenario / situation,

element of structure (containment wall pool aircraft shield simple wall )

Standard criteria
S = serviceability (stability / component bearing) R = Resistance C = Containment T = tightness

Overview of safety requirements in following tables

32 EDF / SEPTEN

Safety requirements Reactor building

Situations & categories N E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 Normal situations PCC-2 situations Inspection earthquake (SSE) Snow & wind Exceptional temperatures Underground water Periodic tests Earthquake (DE) APC Explosion / Fire High energy pipe break PCC-3/4 - RRC-A RRC-B LOCA-2A LOCA + Earthquake Internal containment Sc Sc Sc / / / Sc Rc / / Rc Rc Rc Rc Rc internal structures Sc Sc Sc / / / / Rc / / Rc Rc Rc / / external containment / ACS / / Sc Sc Sc / Sc + C Rc Rc Rc Rc / C / / foundation slab Sc Sc Sc / / T Sc Rc Rc / / / Rc Rc Rc ACS / / Sc Sc Sc / / Rc Rc Rc / / / / / containment Penetrations IRWST pool liner C + Sm C + Sm C + Sm / / / C + Sc C / / C C C C C C + Sm C + Sm C + Sm / / / C + Sc C / / Rm C C C / T T T / / / / T / / / T / / /

S = serviceability Index c = concrete

33 EDF / SEPTEN

T = tightness R = Resistance Index m = metal

C = Containment

Safety requirements Nuclear Island & Pumping station

Situations & categories N E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 Normal situations PCC-2 situations Inspection earthquake (SSE) Snow & wind Exceptional temperatures Underground water Earthquake (DE) APC Explosion / Fire High energy pipe break PCC-3/4 - RRC-A RRC-B HK / HL2-3 Sc (T) Sc (T) Sc (T) / / / Rc (T) / / / Rc / C (T) / HL1-4 Sc Sc Sc Sc Sc / Rc / Rc / Rc / C / HN Sc / T Sc / T Sc / T Sc Sc Sc / T Rc / T / Rc / T / T / Pumping station Sc / Sc Sc Sc Sc Rc Rc Rc / / / HL / RIS / Sc Sc / / / Rc Rc / / Rc / C / HD Sc / Sc Sc Sc Sc Rc Rc Rc / / /

S = serviceability Index c = concrete HK = fuel B.

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T = tightness R = Resistance C = Containment Index m = metal HL = Safeguard B. HN = Nuclear auxiliary B HD = Diesel B.

EDF / SEPTEN

Load combinations
Permanent actions

1/2
Variable actions Accidental actions

Situations

Other loads variable (climatic, External loads Permanent water temp, prestressing (construction temperature loads inspection & operation earthquake) X X X X X X X X X X X X NC NC NC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Internal

External

1 Normal situations 2 3 4 5 Exceptional situations 6 7 8

Construction Normal operation Normal oper. + climatic loads Inspection earthquake Underground water Except. water temp. Except. climatic loads Tests

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EDF / SEPTEN

Load combinations
Permanent actions N Situations Permanent loads

2/2
Variable actions Accidental actions Internal External

Other loads variable (climatic, loads External prestressing water temp, (construction temperature inspection & operation earthquake) X X X X X NC X X X X X NC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

9 10 11 12 13 Accidental situations 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

LOCA LOCA 2B (0.55 MPA) LOCA 2B (0.65 MPA) High energy pipe failure Internal missile Accidental water temp. Design earthquake APC External explosion Flooding LOCA + D.earthquake D.Earthquake + clim. Loads

X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

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EDF / SEPTEN

From safety requirements to ETC-C

ETC-C as a design code
} ETC-C

part 1 provides for :

y Detailed load combinations, with safety factors to be applied to the loads y Criteria on material consistent with safety functional criteria : admissible strains and stresses, maximum deformation , crack opening limitation etc with adequate safety factors.

ETC-C will be presented in a future session.

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EDF / SEPTEN

2. Safety requirements
for civil structures
./ How the safety requirements impact the design 2 examples of EPR specificities

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EDF / SEPTEN

Reactor building containment

Outer reinforced containment wall ( partly ACS)

Depression and leakage control in between

Inner prestressed containment wall With steel liner Designed for severe accident : P = 0.65 MPa abs. Temp = 170C
39 EDF / SEPTEN

Aircraft crash protection

Aircraft shield Fuel building

Safety trains segregation

Non-protected buildings Protected buildings
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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EDF / SEPTEN