SustainableConstruction andGreenBuildingsin Malaysia

by Dr. Kamarul Anuar Mohamad Kamar

LearningObjective
y Thecoreconceptofsustainableconstruction&green buildings y Casestudyofgreenbuildings y Policiesonsustainableconstruction&greenbuildings y Driversandchallengestoeffectiveimplementation y Implementationinproject

Clients Brief
FEASIBILITY

Determine Project Quality

Planning Approval Requirements DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

Schematic Design

Detail Design

Inception
Preliminary Estimate

Site Analysis
Cost Planning

Preliminary Design

Design Development

Authorities Approvals

Budget Allocation

Detail Cost Estimate

Final Cost Estimate

Final Account

Time Cost

Tender Documentation

Defects Liability Period Management

Quality Health & Safety Environment CONSTRUCTION

Project Tendering

TENDER

Testing & Commissioning

Construction
HANDING OVER

Tendering
Tender Analysis & Project Award

Progress Report

Contract Administration Cost Control

Close Out

Copyright Fadzil CPIM UiTM2011

Energy Overview on Building:

In Malaysia, almost50% of total electricity generated consumed by residential and commercial sector. According to MGTC, the commercial building consumed one-third of all electricity in ASEAN region and will account for more that 40% of the demand for additional generating capacity in near future. In a conventional building, 60-70% electricity consumed by lighting and Air-Conditioning & Mechanical Ventilation (ACMV) and the rest remaining are plug loads, food preservation/preparation and equipment.

Potential
4050% reductionofenergyconsumptionofnewbuildings 1525%reductionofenergyconsumptionofexistingbuildings

What is sustainability and why is it important?

The United Nations Brundtland Commission Report (1987) defined sustainable development and urged the world to take note: Sustainable development is that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A growing global population is straining the finite resources available on the planet. Sustainability seeks to balance the economic, social, and environmental impacts, recognizing that population growth will continue. Sustainable development brings this evaluation to the design and construction industries, which have significant potential to reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment.

HistoryofSustainability?
y Energyefficiencygainedimportanceduringthe1970soilcrisis y Recyclingeffortsinthe1970sbecamecommonplaceandcame y y y y

totheattentionofthebuildingindustry 1980sthesickbuildingsyndrome emerged Projectsinwaterscarceareasbegantofocusonwater conservation Earlygreendesigns 1990sintegrationofallfactorswouldresultinahigh performance building

DimensionsofSustainability
EconomicVs.SocialVs.EcologicalDevelopments

Imperative: achieve human needs spread wealth Increase local autarchy Assure security andliability

Social Economic Development

Imperative: Grow econimcally Stay profitable Expand markets Unfold costs

Conservationism

Balanced Sustainability
Puristic Green

Imperative: Beaware ofthe capability for recovery Keep resources and ecological systems Reduce waste

Social Sustainability

Economic

The Built Environment

Material Resources & Waste Disposal

Environmental

Energy

Land

Research

Decision Making

Water

Community

Food

Transportation

What is Green Technology

Green Technology &
Opportunities

Energy & Technology Solar power Wind power Energy Storage & Transportation

Building Design Construction Building Materials

Public Sector & Utilities Planning Energy Water

Benefitsofgoinggreen
y Tacklingclimatechange y Leavebetterenvironmentforthefuture y Improvequalityoflife y Savingnaturalresources y Costsavings(Incl.lifecyclecostsandopportunity costs) y Beingmoreenergyefficient y Reducingmaterialwaste

Energy system heating is via gas, rather than from a coal-fired plant (creates less pollution) no airconditioning in building is needed because of ventilation and gas heating (therefore much less electricity used)

nd i w
Building height kept to a minimum to prevent outdoor areas from being over-shadowed

se i o n

Glass Roofs allow sunlight and warmth deep into the building (reduce need for artificial lighting and heating) allow plants to grow within the building (creates appealing and healthy interior)

Images: Green Design, Dorothy Mackenzie, (1991), London: Laurence King Publishing NMB Bank Headquarters, Amsterdam

natural light to Vegetation all around levelsbuilding helps to keep air cleaner provide buffer to the wind creates pleasant outdoor areas for workers

sunny outdoor spaces close to the buildings

Sloping walls deflect noise from busy road redirect winds to prevent ground-level turbulence made from brick (natural material)

water collected from roofs Materials include natural materials such as timber, marble and copper create a warm and pleasing environment (social benefits) are locally produced, therefore reduce transportation pollution and resources

NMB Bank Headquarters, Amsterdam

l ra u t na

g in t h lig

natural breezes

water fall

Rainwater is collected from the roof (reduces mains water consumption) Hello!! used for water features and to water plants inside the building (creates a cool, healthy and pleasing environment)

Windows allow natural sunlight into the building (less electricity used for lighting) can be opened to allow cross-ventilation (building has no airconditioning, and uses much less electricity)

Staircases designed to be appealing, in order to: reduce reliance on lifts (reduces electricity consumption) allow for interaction between co-workers (social benefits) create an architectural feature
Images: Green Design, Dorothy Mackenzie, (1991), London: Laurence King Publishing

MCIEA 2010 INNOVATION AWARD WINNER THE DIAMOND BUILDING, SURUHANJAYA TENAGA MALAYSIA

Putra Perdana Sdn. Bhd.

DAY-LIGHT HARVESTING

Innovation
Mirror lightshelf

Light Shelves are fitted on glazing to eliminate glare from direct sun penetration and diffuse sky radiation.

Fixed blinds for glare control

Daylight reflected onto ceiling

Typical Cross Section

DAY-LIGHT HARVESTING

Innovation

Tannenbaum reflector panels are placed on the 4th and the 5th floor of the atrium walls to reflect light down to the opposite side for floors 1 and 2. Roof Light provides Daylight at 7th Floor Seating Area

BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTO-VOLTAIC

Seamless Integration of Photovoltaics (PV) with metal roof

Innovation

SUSTAINABILITY
Environmental Friendly Materials

SustainableEnvironment

Recycled plaster board (Green Label)

Low VOC paint (Green Label)

Recycled content carpet (Green Label)

SUSTAINABILITY Greenery

SustainableEnvironment

- Minimize impact on microclimate and human wildlife habitat

Grass-crete pavement

Concrete roof

Grass roof

SUSTAINABILITY
Greywater Recycling

SustainableEnvironment

Greywater from wash basins and floor traps Mini-wetlands

View of Board Room

Mini-wetlands (top & side view)

BUILDING ENERGY INDEX 85kWh/m2/year

Benefits

100% 90% Cumulative percentile 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Energy Efficiency Index (kWh/m2/year) Malaysia (41 office buildings) Singapore (95 office buildings)

46% reduction in
energy consumption

35% reduction in
water consumption

Source of chart: EAEF Project 64 Project leader: Energy Sustainabilty Unit, Singapore, 2006

Grossfloorarea:4000m EnergyIndex: 35kWh/m/year(excludingPV) EEfeatures: Daylightingalmost100% EElightingandtasklights EEofficeequipments EEserverroom Floorslabcooling EEventilation Controlsandsensors Doubleglazingandinsulation

HighReflectivity
y Whiteorlightcolored precastconcrete reducesheatinurban areas y Thisreducesthe amountofelectricity forA/C,whichreduces smogandimproves urbanairquality.

NightandDay
y Lightingaccountsfor 25%ofannual electricityusage whencombinedwith reflective(white) precastconcrete, efficiencyisenhanced y Lightingenhances security,reducing crime.

Building Reuse
y Precastconcretemembersare

uniqueinthattheycanbedis assembled.Precastconcretewalls canbeusedforbuilding expansionorfirewalls. y Crushedconcretecanbeusedas aggregateorcanbeusedas basematerialforroads,sidewalks orslabs.

Reusableforms
y Steelformsareusedto caststructuralprecast products.Theseforms havealonglifespan providingthousandsof reuses. y Specialtyshapedforms arestoredforfutureuse.

Controlled Environment

Exact Batching Technologies = little waste at plant

Qualifiedandtrainedpersonnel minimizewasteeveryday

RecycledMaterials
y Useofflyash,slagorsilica fumeiscommonplaceas substituteforcement y Reinforcementand connectionhardwareare madefromrecycledsteel y Substitutionaggregates

WallAssembly Performance
y Energytransferisminimizedby

wall

design:
y Addinsulation y Addmass y Minimizethermalbridging y Minimizeinfiltration&exfiltration y Controlmoisture

Heat Energy

Warm Air

Cool Air

SustainablePrecastJob Sites
Use of modular systems minimizes construction waste

The importance of Sustainable Development and Green Technology are highlighted by our YAB Prime Minister during the opening speech of IGEM 2010 as:
1. Green Technology to become new engine of growth for Malaysia 2. Reduce global green house gas emission by 30% in 2020 3. Increased investments in green technology will also make available a wider scope of eco-products and services

InBudget2010(Tabledon24th October2009) Govt. allocatedRM20billiontointensifygreenand sustainabilityawareness. CreationoftheEnergy,GreenTechnologyandWater MinistrybyTheMalaysianGovt. LaunchoftheGreenBuildingIndex(GBI) withits6criteria( Energyefficiency;indoorenvironmentalquality;sustainablesite planningandmanagement;materialsandresources;water efficiency;andinnovation)

Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (NRE)

Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy (NRE) / KeTTHA and other related ministries

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MASTERPLAN 2006-2015

Strategic Thrust 1
Integrate the construction industry value chain to enhance productivity and efficiency

Strategic Thrust 2
Strengthen the construction industry image

Strategic Thrust 3
Strive for the highest standard of quality, occupational safety and health and environmental practices

Strategic Thrust 4
Develop human resource capabilities and capacities in construction industry

Strategic Thrust 5
Innovate through research and development and adopt new construction methods

Strategic Thrust 6
Leverage on information and communication technology in the construction industry

Strategic Thrust 7
Benefit from globalization including the export of construction products and services

Enabling Recommendations

Consolidate the industry Standardise and integrate administrative practices and procedures.

Enhance the professionalism of the construction industry. Enhance the procure-to-pay (P2P) strategy. Raise the sophistication level of the construction community

Foster a quality and environmentalfriendly culture Enhance occupational safety and health. Adopt MS in the manufacture or import of construction building materials.

Promote and enforce the use of skilled labour (building capability). Nurture the desire to work in the construction industry amongst the local workforce (building capacity).

Continuously innovate construction processes and techniques.

Encourage knowledge sharing for continuous improvement.

Ensure industry sustainability in the liberalised environment. Market the CI in a focused, global manner Enhance industrys access to financing

Review and amend the tax, legal and regulatory framework

Stimulate R&D activities through resource-pooling initiative amongst key players and provision of R&D infrastructure.

Develop local construction software industry.

Redefine the structure and role of CIDB Reinforce Bumiputera entrepreneurs capabilities and equitable share in the CI value chain

Develop complimentary industries CSF: Knowledge, Innovation CSF: Knowledge, Innovation

CSF: Productivity

CSF: Professionalism CSF: Quality, Environment practices

CSF: Human Resources

CSF: Industry Sustainability

SpecialTaskGroup Recommendations
y Strengtheningthedevelopmentapprovalprocess y Enhancinglawandenforcement y Promotingselfregulation,reflectingthebest regulatorypracticeswhichisnecessarytoachieve sustainableconstructioninfuture y Increasingcapacityandpublicawarenessand addressingknowledgegap

GBI (Malaysian Green Building Index)

y DevelopedbyAssociationofConsultingEngineers Malaysia(ACEM)andPertubuhanArkitekMalaysia (PAM)topromotesustainabilityinBuiltEnvironment y Six(6)keycriteriaincludingenergyefficiency,indoor environmentquality,sustainablesiteplanning,material andresources,waterefficiencyandinnovation

GreenRatingSystem
y GBI GreenBuildingRatingSystem(max) y GASSIC StandardBasedGreenRatingSystem(min) ongoing y Tocomplimenteachothers y Differenttargetmarket y GBI completedbuildings y GASSIC wholelifecycleofbuildings y GBI Privatesectordriven y GASSIC Publicsectordriven

Source; Workshop on GT Roadmap Phase 1, Green Tech Malaysia and Frost & Sullivan (2010)

ChallengesofSustainableConstruction
y

Thefirstoneisthecircleofblame amongtheprojectparticipants.Serviceproviders namelythecontractorsandconsultants;saidclientsdonotaskforsustainability (Baldock,2000).Thedesignteampersistsintheoldwaysandis reluctanttomakethe firstmovetonewterritory.Clients,ontheotherhand,areafraidthatthebuildingwill costmoreandtakealongertime(Bordass,2000).Theyalsoexpecttheservice providerstotaketheleadinimprovingtheirservices(Business Vantage,2002). Sustainabilityistreatedasadiscreteproblemwithanisolated solution,which createsdifficultiesinblendingitintotheconstructionprocess(Griffith,1996;Barrettet al.,1998).Introductionofsustainabilityissuesatlaterthanthedesignstagecauses changesinplanordesign,whichwouldincurmorecoststhansavings(Connaughton& Green,1996;Norton&McElligott,1995) Ofori(1998)statedthatconstructionfaceddifficultiesinprovidingguidancefor goodenvironmental practiceinconstruction.Properguidanceneedstobeformedto resolvethismatter. Changeresistance isviewedasinvolvingchangeinindividualvalues,whetherat personal,corporate,orcollectivelevel.Althoughthevaluesaregenerallyattheright place,theproblemistoenactthem.

9GovernmentRegulations 9InternationalLawsandobligationsby

Nations 9Incentives 9InternalStrategicPolicies 9HighCostofEnergy(Costsavingsthrough reductioninenergycost&waste minimisation)

9IncreasedInternalAwareness 9IncreasedProfitability(Marketpositioning) 9Promotionofcorporateimageandcorporate

socialresponsibilities(CSR) 9Pressurefromcustomers/Clients 9Pressuresfromsuppliers

Source: VTT Finland

ConclusionandRecommendations
y Tofurtherincorporateandappliesinnovationin constructionintheformofoffsiteconstructionto moveonsiteworktoacontrolledenvironmentof manufacturingfloor. y Theintroductionandadoptionofwholelifecycle costingandgreenprocurement y Integratedandeffectivecooperationandcoordination amonggovernmentandothersector

ConclusionandRecommendations
y Environmentalconsiderationswillbeintegratedinto allstagesofdevelopment,programmeplanningand implementationandallaspectsofpolicymaking y Asystemforformulationofgradingandcertification mechanismsforcompetentpersonnelingreen technology

Holistic of Green Way in Construction

Source: Green Business Strategy, Harvard Business Review

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