LESSON 7 OBSERVATIONS ON THE FIVE LATIN DECLENSIONS 7.1 On the First Declension 7.1.

1 Some Latin nouns belonging to the first declension end the Genitive case singular number in AS, e.g. familias instead of familiae; or in AI, e.g. aurai instead of aurae; and the Genitive case plural nember is syncopated into UM, e.g. caelicolum instead of caelicolarum. 7.1.2 Some Latin nouns belonging to the First Declension end the Dative and Ablative cases plural number in ABUS instead of IS. They are the following : Anima ;ae the soul Asina ;ae the cow Capra ; ae the female goat Dea , ae the goddess Domina, ae the mistress Equa, ae the female horse Famula, ae the female servant Filia, ae the the daughter Mula, ae the female mule Nata, ae the daughter Serva, ae the maid servant Example: Filia, filiae the daughter Singular Nom. Fili-A Gen. Fili-ae\AS Dat. Fili-AE Acc. Fili-AM Voc. Fili-A Abl. Fili-A 7.2 On the Second Declension 7.2.1 All proper nouns ending the Nominative case singular number in IUS or JUS and the common nouns FILIUS ( the son ) and GENIUS (the genius) end the Vocative case singular number in a single I. Example ; AntonIUS , II- Anthony Singular Plural

Plural Nom. Fili-AS Gen. Fili-ARUM Dat. Fili-ABUS Acc. Fili-AS Voc. Fili-AE Abl. Fili-ABUS

Nom. AntonI- US Gen. Antoni-I Dat. Antoni-O Acc. Antoni-UM V0c. AntonI Abl. Antoni-O

No plural number because proper nouns have no plural number.

Example : FilIUS , II the son Singular Nom. FiliUS Gen. Fili-I Dat. Fili-o Acc. Fili Abl. Fili-O 7.2.2 Plural Nom. Fili-I Gen. Fili-ORUM Dat. Fili-IS Acc. Fili-I Abl. Fili-IS

The following nouns end the Vocative case singular number in US instead of E: 1. De-US, De-I the true God 2. Agn-US , Agn-I =- the lamb 3. Chor-US , Chor-I the choir Example : Chor-US , Chor-I the choir Singular Nom. Chor-US Gen. Chor-I Dat. Chor-O Acc. Chor-UM-US Voc. Chor-US Abl. Chor O Plural Nom. Chor-I Gen. Chor-ORUM Dat. Chor-IS Acc. Chor-OS Voc. Chor-I Abl. Chor-IS

7.2.3

There is only one second declension noun belonging to the second group that ends the Nominative case singular number in IR. It is V-IR, VIR-I the man. Singular Nom. V-IR Gen. Vir-I Plural Nom. Vir-I Gen. Vir-ORUM

Dat. Vir-O Acc. Vir-UM Voc. V-IR Abl. Vir-O 7.2.4

Dat. Vir-IS Acc. Vir-OS Voc. Vir-I Abl. Vir-IS

Sometimes the Genitive case plural number of nouns belonging to the second declension is syncopated into UM, e.g. virUM instead of VirORUM .

7.2.5 There are three (3) nouns belonging to the second declension second group that: 1. Have Neuter Gender 2. Are Defective because they do not have the plural form. They are; 1. Vul-US, I the people 2.Vir-US, I the poison 3. Pelag-US, I the sea