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AFDX Workshop
Avionics Databus Solutions
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Network Overview and Topology Virtual Link Concept Redundancy / Integrity Checking Protocol Layers Payload Organisation
AFDX a registered trademark of Airbus Deutschland GmbH
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Why AFDX? High Speed Commercial Ethernet with provisions for guaranteed Deterministic Timing and Redundancy required for Avionics applications
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Topology
ES ES ES ES
ES ES
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Switch: A device which performs traffic policing and filtering, and forwards packets towards their destination End-Systems. End-System: A device whose applications access the network components to send or receive data from the network. All connections are full duplex, 100Mbits/sec (no dedicated backbone bus for Inter-switch communications) Redundancy is achieved by duplication of the connections (wires) & Switches
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Communication Techniques
AFDX Communication protocols have been derived from commercial standards IEEE802.3 Ethernet MAC addressing
ES ES ES ES
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Internet Protocol IP User Datagram Protocol UDP SNMP ICMP Provisions have been added to ensure Deterministic Behaviour End-Systems perform traffic shaping which is enforced by Switches Switches perform traffic policing and static routing of frames
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VL: 1
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES ES
VL: 2
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VL: 3
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End-Systems perform Traffic shaping and Integrity Checking on each VL A Switch performs Traffic policing on each VL Traffic shaping and policing combined, offer the baseline for deterministic behaviour of the network
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max. allowed Jitter No. of Sub-VLs Account Type Priority Network Selector Skew Max.
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Example: a Sampling service with 20ms rate on VL with 4ms BAG every 20ms a valid frame appears on the network), the Sampling Service uses < 100% of the VL bandwidth
Frames on a VL can be transmitted slower than the BAG without impact on the Switching (see above) if no data are available to send on a VL, no frames appear Frames on a VL can be transmitted faster than the BAG with impact on the Switching (traffic policing)
(see at Jitter Parameter for details). AFDX Training 12
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Together with the BAG, the absolute (worst case) bandwidth consumption on an AFDX link can be calculated for a given VL Frames on a VL can have different Frame sizes S: 64 <= S <= Smax
BAG BAG
F1VLx
F2VLx
F3VLx
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Jitter is generally a function of the network design and multiplexing multiple VLs on one port as well as dependent on the Switch For a VL, frames can appear on the link in a given time interval (Window) which is sized by the BAG and the maximum allowed jitter BAG BAG Window
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F3
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Account =
Smax * 1,5)
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Sub-VL FIFOs
There is a Round-Robin Scheduling of sub VLs sub-VL assignment is not encoded in the frame cannot be directly resolved (vs, VL)
BAG = 1ms
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MUX
VL FIFO
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Fra
me
Network A*
Fra me
Fra
me
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missing frame
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AFDX Switching is based on the MAC Destination Address (Layer 2) AFDX provisions for deterministic are implemented on Layer 2 only
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FCS 4
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Frame Size: Preamble + Start Delimiter + InterFrame Gap: Duration of Minimum Frame: Duration of Maximum Frame:
641518 Bytes 20 Bytes 6.72 usec (84 Bytes a 80ns) 123.04 usec (1538 Bytes a 80ns)
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Type
FCS 4
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FCS 4
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Equipment ID
00000
5
32
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Preamble
Type
FCS 4
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Constant Field 0000 0011 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 32 bits
16 bits
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Preamble
Type
FCS 4
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The MAC Destination address is always a Multicast address (No Broadcasts allowed !) and a receiving equipment can handle multiple MAC Destination addresses resp. VLs !
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to IP Layer
to IP Layer
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MAC Header 14
IP Header
IP Payload 261480
FCS 4
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Version IHL
Type of Service
Total length
Control Fragment Flag Fragment Time to Header Protocol identification Offset Live checksum
IP Source Address
IP Destination Address
16
16
13
16
32
32
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MAC Header
IP Header
IP Payload
FCS
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Version IHL
Type of Service
Total length
Control Fragment Flag Fragment Time to Header Protocol identification Offset Live checksum
IP Source Address
IP Destination Address
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MAC Header
IP Header
IP Payload
FCS
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Version IHL
Type of Service
Total length
Control Fragment Flag Fragment Time to Header Protocol identification Offset Live checksum
IP Source Address
IP Destination Address
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to MAC Layer
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Application Layer 7
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Fragmentation
IP Layer 3
Reassembly
Frame Dn
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IP Header 20
UDP Header 8
FCS 4
14
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Source Port
Destination Port
UDP length
UDP Checksum
16 bits
16 bits
16 bits
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16 bits
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Queuing Ports - AFDX messages may be sent over several AFDX frames (fragmentation by IP layer dependent on the associated VL Max. frame size), no data is lost or overwritten. The max. amount of data handled per queuing port is 8kByte. Sampling Ports - AFDX messages are sent in one Frame, data may be lost or overwritten. The max. amount of data handled per sampling is limited by the associated VL max. Frame size.
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Application(s)
Application(s)
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Q Q Q S S
UDP
Q S
S S
Q Q Q
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FCS
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AFDX Payload is carried in one (Sampling and Queuing Ports) or multiple Frames (Queuing Ports) via UDP Protocol IP Fragmentation / Reassembly is used for transmission of up to 8 kByte payload data UDP Header only in first frame of fragmented a message ! The Fragmentation Information is handled via IP Header MAC Start Preamble Delimiter Header IP Header AFDX Payload
AFDX Sequence Number
FCS
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AFDX Payload
AFDX Payload for no-protocol based data is organized in so called Functional Data Sets (FDS)
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AFDX Payload
A Functional Data Set (FDS) is organized into Functional Status Set (FSS) and Data Sets (DS)
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AFDX Payload
A Data Sets (DS) typically contains a Parameter (Datum) e.g. Float, Integer, Enumerated, Boolean,
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AFDX Glossary
AFDX E/S VL MAC IP UDP SAP TFTP API OSI BAG SNMP MIB TCP SNMP ICMP ICD NCD Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet End System Virtual Link Media Access Control Internet Protocol User Datagram Protocol Service Access Point Trivial File Transfer Protocol Application Programming Interface Open Systems Interconnection Bandwidth Allocation Gap Simple Network Management Protocol Management Information Base Transmission Control Protocol Simple Network Management Protocol Internet Control Message Protocol Interface Control Document Network Control Document ISDB ARINC RM IC Integrated Systems Data Base Aeronautical Radio Incorporated Redundany Management Integrity Checking
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