Heimlich Maneuver

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Position yourself behind the person and reach your arms around his or her waist. Place fist, thumb side in, above the person's navel and grab the fist tightly with your other hand. Pull your fist abruptly upward and inward to increase airway pressure behind the obstructing object and force it from the windpipe. If the person is conscious and lying on his or her back, straddle the person facing the head. Push your grasped fist upward and inward in a maneuver similar to the one above. You may need to repeat the procedure several times before the object is dislodged

How to stop severe bleeding

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Get the person to lie down If possible, elevate a wounded limb. It can help to control bleeding if a wounded limb can be elevated above the heart. Remove dirt, any visible foreign body, and debris, but do not clean the wound thoroughly Apply firm pressure directly to the wound until the bleeding stops. Look for seepage from the wound continue applying pressure until the bleeding stops or help arrives.

First aid for broken bone & fractures

1. 2. 3. 4. Stop any bleeding. Apply pressure to the wound with a sterile bandage, a clean cloth or a clean piece of clothing. Immobilize the injured area. Don't try to realign the bone or push a bone that's sticking out back in. Wrap ice in a towel or piece of cloth and apply ice packs to limit swelling and help relieve pain until emergency personnel arrive. Treat for shock. If the person feels faint or is breathing in short, rapid breaths lay the person down with the head slightly lower than the trunk and, if possible, elevate the legs.

How to treat burns

1. 2. 3. Cool the burned area. Run cool (not cold) water over the area for 10 to 15 minutes. Wrap the wounded area loosely with clean dry gauze. The gauze protects the burn from air, debris, dirt and contamination. Look out for signs of infection. Infection is uncommon with burns of this type, but is possible if blisters occur.

How to treat head injuries & concussions

1. 2. 3. Assess the victim, determine if the head injury is closed or open. Talk and check for irregular breathing, a sign of serious head injury is irregular breathing. While talking, notice if the person had difficulty relating the events to you. Avoid moving the victim, as doing so may cause further injury. If the victim is conscious, ask questions continually. This serves two purposes: to assess the degree of the victim's impairment, and to keep the victim awake Keep the conscious or unconscious victim's head cool with an ice pack or damp cloths to prevent brain swelling Allow the victim to rest. If the victim wishes to sleep, wake the victim every quarter hour for the first 2 hours, then every half hour for the following 2 hours, then hourly. Follow-up step: victim should see a doctor.

4. 5. 6.

How to treat cuts and abrasion

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Apply pressure to the abrasion and cut. Press a clean cloth firmly against the abrasion or cut. Use soap and water to clean the wound. Wash the area for 5 minutes. Use a clean washcloth to rub dirt out of the abrasion or cut. Remove loose skin from the abrasion or cut. Use clean and sanitized scissors to trim away any loose, dead skin from the cut or abrasion. Dress the cut or abrasion by using an antibiotic ointment and a bandage to cover the cut or abrasion.

How to treat a victim of electric shock

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. If the victim is still in contact with the electrical current do not touch the victim or the source of the electricity. Before you can do anything else break the current by shutting off the current at the power box. Call for emergency assistance. Make certain to state that the victim is suffering from electric shock. If the victim is unconscious, check to see if they are breathing and have a pulse. Do not attempt to move the victim unless they are in further danger. Other injuries may have occurred that you are unaware of. Cover the victim in a blanket and stay with them until help arrives.

How to treat sudden cardiac arrest / heart attack

1. 2. 3. Call 9-1-1 or ask someone else nearby to call 9-1-1 to get professional help on the way so you can start treatment If an automated external defibrillator (AED) is immediately available, grab it or send someone to retrieve it and bring it to you. If an AED is not immediately available, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) . Push down hard on the chest (about 1.5 to 2 inches) between the nipples. Do this thirty times. Pump at the rate of 100/minute--faster than once per second. Continue with two breaths and thirty pumps until help arrives. If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Remember that saving victims from sudden death due to heart attack depends on immediate intervention from bystanders.

4. 5.

How to move an injured person

If the victim injury involves his or her neck or back, DO NOT move the victim unless absolutely necessary. Placing an injured person on a blanket: 1. Carefully turn the person toward you and slip a half-rolled blanket under his or her back. 2. Turn the person on his or her side over the blanket, unroll, and return the person onto his or her back. 3. Drag the blanket by the top (where the persons head is lying) first, keeping your back as straight as possible. If the injured person must be lifted: Have another person help you provide support at the injured persons head, while you support the injured persons feet (or vice versa). Use a board, shutter, table top or other firm surface to keep the injured persons body as level as possible. Wait until the appropriate emergency medical personnel arrive on the scene.

How to treat a drug overdose

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Call 911 if the person has collapsed or stopped breathing Begin CPR, if the person is not breathing or breathing is dangerously weak Treat the patient for signs of shock, if necessary. Signs include: weakness, bluish lips and fingernails, clammy skin, paleness, and decreasing alertness If the patient is having seizures, give convulsion first aid. Keep monitoring the patient's vital signs (pulse, rate of breathing, blood pressure) until emergency medical help arrives. Give drug or pills the person may have taken to the emergency team, or take them to the emergency room or doctor's office.

How to treat and eye injury

For Chemical Exposure 1. Don't rub eyes. 2. Immediately wash out the eye with water. 3. Use whatever is closest -- water fountain, shower, garden hose. Get medical help while you are doing this, or after 15 to 20 minutes of continuous flushing. Dont bandage the eye. For a Blow to the Eye 1. Apply a cold compress, but don't put pressure on the eye. 2. Take over-the-counter acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for pain. 3. If there is bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or it hurts when your eye moves, see a doctor right away. For a Foreign Particle in Eye 1. Don't rub the eye. 2. Pull the lower lid down and blink repeatedly. 3. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. 4. If rinsing doesn't help, close eye, bandage it lightly, and see a doctor.

How to treat chemical Burn

1. Remove the cause of the burn by first brushing any remaining dry chemical and then rinsing the chemical off the skin surface with cool, gently running water for 10 to 20 minutes or more. Remove clothing or jewelry that has been contaminated by the chemical. Wrap the burned area loosely with a dry, sterile dressing (if available) or a clean cloth. Rewash the burned area for several more minutes if the person experiences increased burning after the initial washing Take an over-the-counter pain reliever if needed for pain.

2. 3. 4.

How to perform rescue: CPR

1. 2. 3. 4. Check the victim for unresponsiveness. If the person is not responsive and not breathing or not breathing normally. Call 911 and return to the victim. If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down in the center of the chest 2 inches 30 times. Pump hard and fast at the rate of at least 100/minute, faster than once per second Tilt the head back and lift the chin. Pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second CONTINUE WITH 30 PUMPS AND 2 BREATHS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES.