Institute of Energy Management & Research

BUSINESS RESEARCH REPORT

ON

CONSUMER AWARENESS ABOUT IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND THEIR WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT NEW MEASURES

SUBMITTED FROM
ROLL No NAME
P121030 P121061 P121042 P121013 P121074
JAYARAMAN G SAURAV SHRIDHAR PARESH NADIG AXIT JAIN VIPUL TIWARI

DATE: 13-03-13

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express our deep gratitude to Professor of Great Lakes IEMR Gurgaon for her constant support, guidance and motivation which helped us immensely in completing this project. The project provided us with an opportunity to understand the fundamentals of research methods in a better manner and apply them. The insistence on taking up a socially relevant topic like the consumer awareness on climate change and their willingness to adopt new measures help us to understand the issue of climate change better and correlate the research to human behavioural aspect. We also would like to thank our respondents for giving us their valuable time and providing us with the information needed to carry out the research successfully.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

There's a lot of information floating around about climate change. Most people know it has something to do with industrial pollution, changing weather, waste and plastic disposal and vehicle exhaust. But how much is the general public really aware, that question is left unanswered. The key objective of the project is to study the awareness of climate change in every segments of the society. The project is intended to analyse the knowledge about climate change and willingness to adopt new and eco friendly methods. The report is initiated with the objective to find out the peoples awareness about climate change and their willingness to adopt new measures through exploratory research methodology using non probability sampling of a sample size of 86. Online survey was conducted. The Research conducted showed that though the awareness about climate change is very high, the willingness to take action is found to be lacking. The significant relationship between various data collected and some of the expected impacts failed, which tells that the perception what people have in their mind is different from what actually happens. Many characteristics such as willingness to spend more for a better future vary with demographic characteristics. Hence we cannot blindly conclude that climate change awareness results in people willing to adopt new measures. The last part consists of some recommendations for the way ahead towards a better eco friendly future. With gradual shift in mentality, it can be hoped that people will start adopting newer measures and contribute with a better and active involvement.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX No 1 CONTENT INTRODUCTION 1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS IMPORTANCE 1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 1.2.1 INDIAN SCENARIO 1.2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW STATEMENT OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 2.1 OBJECTIVES 2.2 HYPOTHESIS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 TYPE OF RESEARCH DESIGN 3.2 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 3.2.1 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHOD 3.2.2 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHOD 3.2.3 ONLINE SURVEY 3.2.4 OBSERVATIONS 3.3 FORMATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE 3.4 DATA COLLECTION DEVISES 3.4.1 ONLINE APPROACH 3.4.2 TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW 3.5 SAMPLING APPROACHES 3.5.1 POPULATION DEFINITION 3.5.2 SAMPLING PLAN 3.5.3 SAMPLING PROFILE FINDINGS 4.1.1 GENERAL FINDINGS 4.1.2 CRITICAL FINDINGS SUMMARY CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION RESEARCH LIMITATION REFERENCES APPENDICES GLOSSRY OF TEST USED QUESTIONNAIRE RECODING TABLE SPSS OUTPUTS SECONDARY DATA TABLES PAGE No 1 2 3 4 5 7 7 7 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 15 15 16 22 24 26 27 27 28 29 31 33 47

5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E

LIST OF TABLES
INDEX No 1.1 1.2 Appendix D NAME SAMPLING PLAN COMPARISON OF MEN AND WOMEN SPSS TABLES PAGE No 12 12 33

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LIST OF CHARTS
INDEX No Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2 Fig 1.3 Fig 1.4 Fig 1.5 Appendix E NAME COMPARISON OF MEN AND WOMEN PROFESSION AGE EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION SALARY SECONDARY DATA FIGURES PAGE No 13 14 14 15 15 47

1. Introduction:
"First, I worry about climate change. It's the only thing that I believe has the power to fundamentally end the march of civilization as we know it, and make a lot of the other efforts that we're making irrelevant and impossible." Bill Clinton (Former US President)

The above words of the U.S. President have a striking significance that on any kind of thought would bring out a peril in the minds of the reader. Earth as we all know, was created in all its glory to sustain life. Human evolution and his actions have impacted the earths behaviour from time to time. As centuries passed the civilization grew and along with it so did the various acts of disturbing Mother Nature. The concept of climate change did not have a significant presence till the 19th century. At present, it is one of the most debated issues worldwide and all countries of the world are trying their part to act upon to curb the effects of climate change. The below timeline depicts the issue climate change through history. 1800-1870: Mean global temperature (1850-1870) is about 13.6C. First Industrial Revolution occurred. Coal, railroads, and land clearing speed up greenhouse gas emission, while better agriculture and sanitation speed up population growth. 1824: Fourier calculates that the Earth would be far colder if it lacked an atmosphere. 1859: Tyndall discovers that some gases block infrared radiation. He suggests that changes in the concentration of the gases could bring climate change. 1896: Arrhenius publishes first calculation of global warming from human emissions of CO2. 1870-1910: Second Industrial Revolution. Fertilizers and other chemicals, electricity, and public health further accelerate growth. 1914-1930: World War I happens. Industrialization grows. Global warming trend officially gets reported.

1939-1960: World War II happens. Developed nations emerge. Industrialization finds a new accelerating growth rate. 1976 1980: Deforestation and other ecosystem changes are recognized as major factors in the future of the climate. Scientific opinion tends to converge on global warming, not cooling, as the chief climate risk in next century. 2000 Present: Various protocols like Kyoto Protocol are in place. Carbon emission control measures are established. Mean global temperature is 14.6C, the warmest in hundreds, and probably thousands of years.

1.1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS IMPORTANCE

Necessity has always been the mother of invention. With everyday passing day, the world has seen improvements in all perspectives. Industrialization has been taking place since early days and has been the key reason for a nations growth. On one hand though it had produced tremendous results, on the other, the carbon emissions were growing at an alarming pace. Rising carbon levels were also contributed by increase in the number of vehicles, radiations, improper waste management etc. People initially were less aware of the climate change issue but have gradually grown conscious about the effects. Newspapers and magazines have several times highlighted the issue of climate change and the steps taken by many to curb it. Few of them are as below: The effects of climate change are already evident in Europe and the situation is set to get worse, the European Environment Agency has warned.
-

BBC News, November 21, 2012

Carbon dioxide levels show biggest spike in 15 years Economic Times, March 7, 2013

Climate change solutions must be locally relevant

Business Line, January 6, 2013

Scientists: Pace of Climate Change Exceeds Estimates - The Washington Post, February 15, 2009 BASIC countries seek $30-bn green fund Business Standard, February 18, 2013 Economic Times, October 1, 2012

Grim global warming outlook for India post 2030

-

Fund to fight Climate Change in Africa becomes operational in 2013 - Ghanabusinessreviews.com, March 8, 2013

EUR 150 Million Loan to Mitigate Climate Change in India - Cogeneration and Onsite Power Production Magazine, March 8, 2013

Given the scenario that climate change is potentially bad and would significantly affect the living of mankind, it is necessary that all people must be aware of it and must actively work towards controlling the climate change to pave the way for a better future. But, that is not the case as such because the level of awareness about the climate change remains subjective. This study has been done both qualitatively and quantitatively to analyse the awareness quotient of the people about the climate change in the Indian society.

1.2 BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM

Definition: Climate change is a long-term transition in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators. Climate change can involve both changes in average conditions and changes in variability, including, for example, extreme events. The earth's climate is naturally variable on all time scales. However, its long-term state and average temperature are regulated by the balance between incoming and outgoing energy, which determines the Earth's energy balance. Climate change can be caused by natural causes as well as human activities. Focusing on human activities, its caused by burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land f or forestry and agriculture. Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, these human influences on
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the climate system have increased substantially. In addition to other environmental impacts, these activities change the land surface and emit various substances to the atmosphere. These in turn can influence both the amount of incoming energy and outgoing energy and can have both warming and cooling effects on the climate. The dominant product of fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. The overall effect of human activities since the Industrial Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases. The build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has led to an increase enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect. It is this human-induced enhancement of the greenhouse effect that is of concern because ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases have the potential to warm the planet to levels that have never been experienced in the history of human civilization. Such climate change could have far-reaching and/or unpredictable environmental, social, and economic consequences.

1.2.1. INDIAN SCENARIO:

At a time when development in India is growing at a rapid pace, severe impact by climate change may also be seen. Like other developing countries, several sections of the Indian population will not be able to buffer themselves from impacts of global warming. With close economic dependency with natural resources and climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, water and forestry, India may face a major threat, and require serious adaptive capacity to combat climate change. As a developing country, India cannot afford the risks and economic backlashes that industrialized nations can. With people living still below the poverty line, reducing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change is of utmost importance. It is in Indias interest to ensure that the world moves towards a low carbon future. With changes in key climate parameters, namely temperature, precipitation and humidity, crucial sectors like agriculture and rural development are likely to be affected in a major way. Impacts are already being seen in unprecedented heat waves, cyclones, floods, salination of the coastline and effects on agriculture, fisheries and health. Hence with an interest to know whether the general public are aware about the impacts of climate change and their willingness to adopt measures to reduce it, this research is performed on the consumers typically residing in urban cities and towns.

2. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

2.1 OBJECTIVES The key objective of the project is to study the extent to which the consumers have awareness about the issues of climate change. The study also aims to know the peoples willingness to understand and adopt new measures which help to reduce the climate change. In clearer perspective to mention these objectives, they can be classified as follows, PRIMARY OBJECTIVES To find whether people are aware of the climate change or not. Factors contributing to their awareness on climate change. To assess their life style changes due to climate change. To assess peoples mentality to adapt to new green measures. To assess their spending and contributing capability towards climate change. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES How certain characteristics of climate change varies demographically. To assess whether there is a relation between the education background and knowledge on climate change. 2.2 HYPOTHESIS There are numerous hypotheses that can be framed pertaining to the research. But with respect to our key focus areas and the results we are targeting, we restrict ourselves to the following hypotheses.

HYPOTHESIS 1 The concern on climate change and global warming varies with education level. HYPOTHESIS 2 The concern on climate change and global warming varies with gender. HYPOTHESIS 3 The level of concern of about the motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution varies with the education level.

HYPOTHESIS 4

The willingness to pay towards climate change varies with the salary. HYPOTHESIS 5 The direct contribution factor of people towards sustainable and responsible organizations varies with salary. HYPOTHESIS 6 The willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative against climate change is significant. HYPOTHESIS 7 The willingness in people to contribute direct funds towards sustainable organizations has a significant relationship with the gender. HYPOTHESIS 8 The willingness in people to contribute funds directly to sustainable organizations has a significant relationship with their employment status. HYPOTHESIS 9 The willingness in people to buy eco friendly sustainable products/services has a significant relationship with their employment status. HYPOTHESIS 10 The opinion in people for the need of more restrictions to stop different pollutions has a significant relationship with employment status. HYPOTHESIS 11 The level of concern in climate change of people is significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation. HYPOTHESIS 12 The willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures is significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in buying patterns.

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The success of any project depends upon the research methods they actually use and the effective utilisation of the research tools. The interpretation can be best achieved towards the expected results only by the way how these research methods get handled. Here are the research methodologies of the project

3.1 LITREATURE REVIEW:

According to Wikipedia, the most general definition of climate change is a change in the statistical properties of climate system when considered over long periods of time, regardless of cause. The term sometimes is used to refer specifically to climate change caused by human activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earth's natural processes. In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warming. Within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels will affect. Due to the increasing carbon emissions like release of CFC and other gases, there has been a significant rise in average surface temperature of the earth by more than 1 degree Fahrenheit since 1900.

Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007

The climate change effects are seen all over the world. According to Christensen et. al. (2007), India will be experiencing greater variation in its temperature with warmer winters than summers. Cruz et. al. (2007) says that the rising temperature pattern is set to continue in the future. Cohen (2008) warns that due to these climate change effects, the food security will get affected and malnutrition may increase. Over the past decade, public opinion about climate change has become increasingly well documented. Awareness about climate change is very high, and a number of surveys have shown that the Indians of the public express substantial concern about it. India is making efforts to enhance environmental protection in general, although these initiatives are not specifically focused on global warming in particular. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) promotes environmental awareness and education through the Centre for Environment Education (CEE), and an annual National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAC) on select environmental issues (MOEF, 2007). The Ministry of Human Resource Development supports initiatives for environmental education undertaken by civil-society organizations (CEE, 2007). As per a research conducted by Parikh et. al. (2002), Indias obligation to minimise energy consumption - particularly oil consumption - and to deal with its environmental problems prompt it to follow many such policies. Directly or indirectly these efforts are made by Government as well as by people to reduce energy consumption. These include: a) Emphasis on energy conservation and energy efficiency b) Promotion of renewable energy sources. c) Abatement of air pollution. d) Afforestation and wasteland development. e) Economic reforms, subsidy removal and joint ventures in capital goods. f) Fuel substitution policies. Some of these efforts are on-going for several decades and are institutionalised. Talking in public perspective, individuals engagement with an issue is represented as a series of stages along a path beginning with awareness of an environmental problem and ending with an understanding of solutions as per Stamms Problem -Solution Path Model. In Stage 0, a person is not aware of the issue. People in Stage 1 know about the problem, but have not focused their attention on it. People in Stage 2 have assessed the importance of the issue. In Stage 2a people have decided that the situation is not a problem. Those in Stage 2b have decided that global warming is a problem and are aware of causes, consequences, and solutions. Those in Stage 3 have thought about possible solutions. In Stage 4, people have a good idea of what needs to be done to address the issue.

Stamms Problem-Path Model (Source: Stamm et al 2000)

This study aims to capture the awareness of the people in India about the climate change issues and their willingness to adopt new measures for a better environment.

3.2 TYPE OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Since the project requires the deeper understanding about the impact made by social networking sites, exploratory research design will be optimum. However the root causes of the problem is well known i.e. excessive internet usage and hence Causal Research Design will also be effective. Hence in this project we have used a mixture of Exploratory and Causal Research Design methods for our convenience.

3.3 DATA COLLECTION METHODS

The data collection is the most tedious and success determining factor of any project. Hence various methods are usually adopted to ensure the success of the research. Here we too have adopted many methods to increase the dependability of the results.

3.3.1 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS Primary data is the unique chamber of every project. The base rate success of any project is determined by the primary data. Hence here we used many methods to ensure our efficiency. Some of the methods are, Market Survey by Questionnaires Telephonic conversations 3.3.2 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION METHODS
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The secondary data will give us an overall idea about the depth of research which we undertook. Sometimes it will also give the various dimensions of the research already undertaken. Moreover we can be confident with what we are doing and whether the research is on track. The secondary data will gives us a platform for comparison of our values. Sometimes it will help us in making corrections and adding values. The various methods adopted for

Research documents from some top universities Research documents in online portal Research articles Various blogs to analyse view of people Journals regarding the project

3.3.3 ONLINE SURVEYS The online surveys which are done by others helped us as a tool in creating a basis of forming a questionnaire. These surveys acted as a tool for verifying our data and preventing us in going into bias decisions. It provided us an opportunity to read the minds of the people and to design the questionnaire more user friendly and easy to understand. The mistakes done with their questionnaires are corrected with our questionnaire. For example The options like sometimes, many times etc. are corrected like 3-5 times, more than 10 times as such. Unwanted questions have been avoided and more relevant questions related to our research have been selected. The Blanks which are usually used to specify the others options, has been removed as most of the people wont find it interesting to fill the blanks. There are numerous other benefits we acquired from these online surveys which paved the way to move forward. A huge volume of data has been collected from already conducted surveys. Hence online surveys acted as an important tool in collecting the data.

3.3.4 OBSERVATIONS Certain data which are required to form the questionnaire has been developed from the common observations. Most of the justifications made with the questionnaire are from common observations. Certain assumptions in this project are also developed from these observations.

3.4 FORMATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE

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The Questionnaire is the basic tool used to collect the primary data. The development of questionnaire happened in three stages. STAGE 1: A Preliminary questionnaire was made, representing all our research questions and objectives. It was viewed and corrected by our professor for certain changes. STAGE 2: Trial sample of the updated questionnaire is given to 10 participants and their feedback was obtained. Based on their feedback, certain modifications are done in a more participant point of view. STAGE 3: The Final questionnaire is with best of its modifications is used for the survey in all means. The final questionnaire was made into online format.

3.5 DATA COLLECTION DEVICES

The data collection devices need to be more appropriate for any project to ensure the credibility of the results obtained. Hence we used a number of devices to collect the data. These collection devices are determined subjectively based on the target group we are approaching and based on our convenience. 3.5.1 ONLINE APPROACH The first and major data collection device used in this project is online survey through mails. The reasons for using this method as a primary tool are More number of people can be easily approached The entry of data into the excel sheet becomes easier. Most of our target audience can be approached easily through the mails. Very large volume of data can be easily collected without much physical works. This tool has been very successful for our project. Large volume of data, greater than expected has been collected from this method.

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3.5.2 TELEPHONIC CONVERSATIONS The above approach gave us a variety but the data is regional biased. Hence in order to overcome this, we went for some telephonic calls with people at some long distances. Their responses were recorded.

3.6 SAMPLING APPROACHES

3.6.1 POPULATION DEFINITION The sample population for this project consist of students, professionals, householders and common people. 3.6.2 SAMPLING PLAN As the research is purely subjective in nature, we decided that Non Probability sampling method will be optimum for this project. In that the suitable methods we have used comes under the categories of both Judgemental and Convenience sampling methods. 3.6.3 SAMPLING SIZE AND APPROACH TABLE 1.1 SAMPLING PLAN TARGET PEOPLE Students SIZE 49 SIZE JUSTIFICATION Students nowadays are aware of many things. They are potential game changers of the future. Hence the weightage is given to them the most Most of the working professionals we enquired are less than 30 years of age as they are the ones who can METHOD Online approach METHOD JUSTIFICATION Most of them available in online. So It is very easy to collect data from them

Working Professionals

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Online approach

Most of them available in online. So It is very easy to collect data from them

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Other people (non working, retired)

exercise their willingness to adopt new measures. Common mans perspective

Telephonic conversation

We couldnt find this category online and hence telephonic approach was taken.

3.6.4 SAMPLE PROFILE The sample profile will help us in knowing the strength of the data collected and the dependency with these datas. TABLE 1.1 COMPARISONS OF MEN AND WOMEN Parameters Numbers Total people participated 86 Male 60 Female 26 Men : women 2.3:1 Fig 1.1 COMPARISONS: MEN AND WOMEN

Fig 1.2 PROFESSIONS OF THE PEOPLE

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Fig 1.3 AGES OF THE PEOPLE

Fig 1.4 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OF THE PEOPLE

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Fig 1.5 SALARY BRACKETS OF THE PEOPLE

4.0 FINDINGS
4.1.1 GENERAL FINDINGS:
100% of the respondents have answered that they are familiar with the term of climate change. Most of the respondents were educated about the climate change through television, in schools and colleges, internet and newspaper mainly. 69.76% of the respondents were male and 30.23% were females. 52% of the respondents feel that more restrictions are necessary to control different types of pollution.
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4.1.2. CRITICAL FINDINGS: The Critical finding mainly deals with the relations between the variables collected and to infer the significance between them. This part will generally answer the questions which cannot be answered by viewing the data collected.

FINDING 1
H1o: The concern on climate change and global warming does not vary with education level. H11: The concern on climate change and global warming varies with education level.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for demographic variable of
education. Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H1o. (TABLE 2.1 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between concern on climate change and education level. There is no significant relationship between concern on global warming and education level. Thus, the concern on climate change does not vary with education level.

FINDING 2
H2o: The concern on climate change and global warming does not vary with gender. H21: The concern on climate change and global warming varies with gender.

TEST APPLIED: Independent T-test INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for demographic variable of
education. Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H2o. (TABLE 2.2 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between concern on climate change and gender. There is no significant relationship between concern on global warming and gender. Thus, the concern on climate change does not vary with gender.

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FINDING 3
H3o: The level of concern of about the motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution varies with the education level. H31: The level of concern of about the motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution varies with the education level.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is significant for demographic variable of
education. Hence we reject the null hypothesis H3o. (TABLE 2.3 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between concern on motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution with education level. Thus, the concern on motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution varies with educational level.

FINDING 4
H4o: The willingness to pay towards climate change does not vary with the salary.

H41: The willingness to pay towards climate change varies with the
salary.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is significant for both the parameters under
consideration. Hence we reject the null hypothesis H4o. (TABLE 2.4 in Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between income and

willingness to pay for a better sustainable product or for products which cause less harm to environment. Peoples willingness to spend money for a better environment varies with their salary.

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FINDING 5
H5o: The direct contribution factor of people towards sustainable and responsible organizations do not vary with salary. H51: The direct contribution factor of people towards sustainable and responsible organizations varies with salary.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for direct contribution factor.
Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H5o. (TABLE 2.5 in Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between direct

contribution factor and income. Hence, the direct contribution factor of people towards organizations which help for controlling climate change does not vary with their income.

FINDING 6 H6o: The willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative
against climate change is not significant.

H61: The willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative

against climate change is significant.

TEST APPLIED: Independent T-test INFERENCE: The p value is not significant for willingness to volunteer.
Hence we cannot reject the null hypothesis H6o. (TABLE 2.6 in Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is no significant relationship between willingness

to volunteer and age. Hence, the willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative against climate change is not significant.

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FINDING 7 H7o: The willingness in people to contribute direct funds towards

sustainable organizations does not hold a significant relationship with the gender.

H71: The willingness in people to contribute direct funds towards

sustainable organizations holds a significant relationship with the gender.

TEST APPLIED: Independent T-test INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness to directly
contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organizations. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H7o. (TABLE 2.7 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between willingness to contribute funds directly towards sustainable organizations and gender.

FINDING 8 H8o: The willingness in people to contribute funds directly to sustainable

organizations does not have a significant relationship with their employment status.

H81: The willingness in people to contribute funds directly to sustainable

organizations has a significant relationship with their employment status.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness to directly
contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organizations. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H8o. (TABLE 2.8 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between willingness to contribute funds directly towards sustainable organizations and the employment status.

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FINDING 9 H9o: The willingness in people to buy eco friendly sustainable

products/services does not have a significant relationship with their employment status.

H91: The willingness in people to buy eco friendly sustainable

products/services has a significant relationship with their employment status.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness to buy eco
friendly sustainable products/services. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H9o. (TABLE 2.9 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between willingness to buy eco friendly sustainable products/services and the employment status.

FINDING 10 H10o: The opinion in people for the need of more restrictions to stop
different pollutions does not have a significant relationship with employment status.

H101: The opinion in people for the need of more restrictions to stop
different pollutions has a significant relationship with employment status.

TEST APPLIED: One way ANOVA INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the opinion in people for the
need for more restrictions. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H 10o. (TABLE 2.10 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between employment status and the opinion of the people for need of more restrictions in controlling different pollutions.

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FINDING 11 H11o: The level of concern in climate change of people is not significantly
related to their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.

H111: The level of concern in climate change of people is significantly

related to their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.

TEST APPLIED: Independent T-test INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the level of concern in climate
change. Hence, we reject the null hypothesis H11o. (TABLE 2.11 in Appendix D) CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between level of concern in climate change of people and their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation.

FINDING 12 H12o: The willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures
is not significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in buying patterns.

H121: The willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures

is significantly related to their acceptance of behavioural change in buying patterns.

TEST APPLIED: Independent T-test INFERENCE: The p value is significant for the willingness factors. Hence,
we reject the null hypothesis H12o. (TABLE 2.12 in Appendix D)

CONCLUSION: There is significant relationship between willingness of people to adopt

new and sustainable measures and their acceptance of behavioural change in buying patterns.

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5.0 SUMMARY
Ho 1 VARIABLES Q4a, Q4b with demographic characteristic Q10. Q4a, Q4b with demographic characteristic Q8. Q4e, Q4f with demographic characteristic Q10. TEST P Values One way >0.05 ANOVA Independ >0.05 ent T test One way <0.05 ANOVA Variables None Conclusion Not significant Not Significant

None

4 5 6

Q7a, Q7f with Q13

8 9 10 11

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One way ANOVA Q7e with Q13 One way ANOVA Q7d with Q9 Independ ent sample T test Q7e with demographic Independ characteristic Q8 ent sample T test Q7e with Q12 One way ANOVA Q7c with Q12 One Way ANOVA Q7b with Q12 One way ANOVA Q7a to Q7f with Q6-a Independ ent T Test Q7a to Q7f with Q6-c Independ ent T Test

<0.5 >0.5 >0.05

Education Significant al backgroun d Salary Significant None None Not Significant Not Significant

<0.05

Gender

Significant

<0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

<0.05

Employme nt Status Employme nt Status Employme nt Status Change in buying patterns Change in buying patterns

Significant Significant Significant Significant

Significant

The Key summary of all the findings are as follows Most of the people have replied positively in affirmation for their knowledge about the term climate change. Hence, it clearly indicates that people are familiar with the climate change.

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There is significant relationship between concern on motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution with education level. Thus, the concern on motor vehicle pollution and industrial pollution varies with educational level. There is significant relationship between income and willingness to pay for a better sustainable product or for products which cause less harm to environment. Peoples willingness to spend money for a better environment varies with their salary. There is significant relationship between willingness to contribute funds directly towards sustainable organizations and gender. There is significant relationship between willingness to contribute funds directly towards sustainable organizations and the employment status. There is significant relationship between willingness to buy eco friendly sustainable products/services and the employment status. There is significant relationship between employment status and the opinion of the people for need of more restrictions in controlling different pollutions. There is significant relationship between level of concern in climate change of people and their acceptance of behavioural change in transportation. There is significant relationship between willingness of people to adopt new and sustainable measures and their acceptance of behavioural change in buying patterns. It can be seen that people who are students are of the strong opinion that more restrictions are needed to control the different kinds of pollution. It can be seen that people who are students are ready to buy goods/services made out of eco friendly and sustainable means even if they are little expensive and available anywhere. It can also be seen that people who are students and retired people from work are ready to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations which work to control climate change. Though there is significance between the level of concern on climate change and transportation, surprisingly the mean response of the people who have voted for acceptance of behavioural change as NO is greater than people who have said YES in the transportation factor. This shows that even though people have a concern about the climate change their behavioural lifestyle change has not happened in transportation. Though the willingness of the people to adopt new and sustainable measures has a significance with the peoples acceptance of behavioural change in lifestyle of buying patterns, it can be seen that the mean response of people who have voted for NO is greater than people who have said YES in the buying pattern factor. This shows that, people though having a willingness to adopt new measures to control climate change are still experiencing the same conventional buying pattern of products.
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There is no significant relationship between concern on climate change, global warming and demographic characteristics like education level and gender. There is no significant relationship between direct contribution factor and income. Hence, the direct contribution factor of people towards organizations which help for controlling climate change does not vary with their income. There is no significant relationship between willingness to volunteer and age. Hence, the willingness in young people to volunteer for a better initiative against climate change is not significant.

6.0 CONCLUSION
Around the globe, seasons are shifting, temperatures are climbing and sea levels are rising. And meanwhile, our planet must still supply us and all living things with air, water, food and safe places to live. Climate change is one of the biggest issues facing the world today. Global warming is the increased heat trapped in the earth's atmosphere resulting from excess greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2). These naturally occurring gases including Methane (CH4) & Nitrous Oxide (N20) form a layer in the atmosphere reflecting the sun's rays back down to the earth. These gases are exacerbated in the atmosphere by fossil fuel use for energy (i.e. coal and oil) and the alteration to our natural landscape. This has an unnatural warming effect on our fragile environment. Though industrialized countries have impacted greatly the global climate change, it is developing nations that will suffer most as they lack the finances and resources to quickly and efficiently cope with and adapt to the changing climate. Immediate action is necessary to halt the effects of climate change. People must realize the potential threats and act to save the future from the effects of climate change. The willingness to bring about a change is tied with the awareness. Hence in this research, we tried to clarify certain issues and were quite successful also. Some of the conclusions are: Most people are nowadays aware of the climate change, thanks to the media. People seem to be concerned about various effects of climate change. There is significant co relation between various data collected and many of the expected impacts failed, which tells that the perception what people have in their mind is different from what actually happens. Many characteristics, effects and impacts vary with demographic characteristics. Hence it should not be concluded that all people who are aware of climate change are willing to adopt new measures to control it. Though people are willing to a certain extent to have changes in their lifestyle of adopting new measures, they are completely not ready to involve in the controlling activities.

24

Educated people seem to be more aware of climate change and their willingness to control it is high.

Finally we conclude that, though climate change awareness is spreading wide with every progressing day, it cannot be controlled effectively unless all the people are ready to change themselves in a way that is beneficial to Mother Nature.

7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
The following are the recommendations we like to give for the future of addressing the issue of climate change: A mere awareness about the climate change is never enough. People should be educated well about the climate change and its potential threats. Illiteracy is a big culprit which contributes to the lack of awareness about things. If everyone is educated, itll lead to a better living on a whole. A nations strength lies in the number of youths it has. More young people should actively participate in conducting campaigns which help in spreading awareness. Reduce; reuse and recycle should be the mantra for all. People should actively participate in using supporting the new measures of controlling climate change.

25

8.0 LIMITATIONS
The sample size which we have taken is 86 which we are assuming is enough to carry out the research. Most of the sample population consists of students, professionals and hence our research mainly focuses on working professionals and college student s awareness about climate change. The sample size taken is mainly judgmental in nature. Most of the research papers which we have referred are of foreign authors and their research is being done on their population, their culture is different so their psychology differs significantly and we could not derive much take away about the Indian population. The expertise of the questionnaire design is limited. The underlying assumption is that the survey conducted in limited area represents the general psyche of the users awareness on climate change, hence it may be biased. Study on the various sections of society could not be performed since various households people did not respond positively and did not cooperate. Few of the participants were eliminated because of their incomplete responses, so we couldnt get the use of some potential information given by them. Moreover, different users have different needs when it comes to the adopting new measures to control climate change which may be expensive. Real time search has to balance between quality, authority, relevance and timeliness of the content.

26

9.0 REFERENCES
From books and reports: Christensen, J. H. et. al. (2007). Regional Climate Predictions. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the 4 Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, D. et. al. (eds), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. Cruz, R. V. et. al. (2007). Asia. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group 2 to the 4 Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Parry, M. L. (eds), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge Cohen, M. J. et. al. (2008). Impact of climate change and bio energy on nutrition. International Food Policy Research Institute Parikh, Jyoti K. and Parikh, Kirit (2002) , "Public Awareness about Global Warming in Hyderabad, India". Stamm et al (2000). Mass communication and public understanding of environmental problems: The case of global warming. Public Understanding of Science, 9, 219-229.

From websites: Brett W. Pelham (2009, April 22). General format. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/117772/Awareness-Opinions-Global-Warming-VaryWorldwide.aspx last accessed on 04/02/13. Bryan Clark (2011, Dec 20).General Format. Climate change from CO2 may not be as bad as predicted. Retrieved from http://www.gizmag.com/climate-changepredictions/20769/ last accessed on 11-03-13. Anita Pugliese and Julie Ray (2009, Dec 11) . General format. Awareness of Climate Change and Threat Vary by Region. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/124652/awareness-climate-change-threat-varyregion.aspx last accessed on 11-03-13.

From newspaper:

Namrata Singh (2012, Dec 20) Spread awareness, reduce carbon emission: CII panel. Retrieved from http://www.timesofindia.com Jonathan Benson, (2010, Sep 10) Climate change legislation benefits the elite, not the people. Retrieved from http://www.naturalnews.com

27

APPENDIX A

GLOSSARY OF TEST USED

ONE SAMPLE T TEST A one sample t-test allows us to test whether a sample mean (of a normally distributed interval variable) significantly differs from a hypothesized value. TWO INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T TEST An independent samples t-test is used when you want to compare the means of a normally distributed interval dependent variable for two independent groups. ONE WAY ANOVA A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used when you have a categorical independent variable (with two or more categories) and a normally distributed interval dependent variable and you wish to test for differences in the means of the dependent variable broken down by the levels of the independent variable.

28

APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE Consumer awareness on climate change and their willingness to adopt new measures
1) Have you heard of the term climate change? a) Yes b) No 2) Where have you heard about climate change? Tick whatever is applicable: A) Television B) Radio C) Newspaper D) Internet E) Specialist publications/academic journals F) Environmental groups (e.g. Worldwide Fund for Nature) G) School/ college/ university H) Govt Agency I) Public Library J) Friends/Family K) Energy Suppliers 3) Do you think climate change is something that is affecting or is going to affect you, personally? a) Yes b) No c) Dont Know 4) Do you think anything can be done to tackle climate change? a) Yes b) No c) Dont Know 5) Please rate your level of concern on each of the following environmental issues:

Issue Climate Change Ozone Hole Air Quality Global Warming Motor Vehicle Pollution Industrial Pollution Electronic Items

Totally unconcerned

Somewhat unconcerned

Somewhat concerned

Totally concerned

6) Do you feel environmental concerns has changed your behaviour in the areas listed below? a) Transportation - A) Yes B) No b) Recycling paper, garbage and yard waste A) Yes B) No c) Buying Patterns (Buying from sustainable / responsible service providers) - A) Yes B) No 29

7) Tick mark the option that you feel is most relevant to you: Strongly Agree I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment Despite the apparently potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food. I am prepared to buy goods / services made using responsible or sustainable practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available I am willing to contribute as a volunteer towards the cause of cleaner and better environment in any way whatsoever. I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. I am willing to participate / buy / know more creating sustainable products and services. 8) Sex a) Male b) Female 9) How old are you? a) 10-15 b) 16-20 c) 21-25 d) 26-30 e) 31-35 f) 36-40 g)41-45 h)46-50 i) above 50 10) Educational Background a)High School b)UG c)PG d)Diploma e)other 11) You are currently residing in: a) City b) Town c) Taluk d) Village 12) Profession: a) Govt b) Private c) Student d) Business e) Unemployed f) Retired 13) Income: a) <1L b)1L-4L c) 4L-7L d)>7L THANK YOU FOR YOUR CO-OPERATION. HAVE A NICE DAY Disagree Agree Strongly Disagree

30

APPENDIX C CODING MANUAL QUESTIONS

1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5

OPTIONS
Yes No Television Radio Newspaper Internet Specialist publications/academic journals Environmental groups (e.g. Worldwide Fund for Nature) School/ college/ university Govt Agency Public Library Friends/Family Energy Suppliers Yes No Dont Know Totally unconcerned Somewhat unconcerned Somewhat concerned Totally concerned Yes No Cant say Yes No Yes No Yes No Strongly Agree Disagree

CODED VALUE
1 2 1 1 1 1 1

RECODED VALUE

2-6

2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-12 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
31

6-1 6-2 6-3 7-1 to 7-6

8 9

10

11

12

13

Agree Strongly Disagree Male Female 10-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 Above 50 High School Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Diploma Other City Town Taluk Village Govt Private Student Business Unemployed Retired Other Less than 1,00,000 1,00,000-4,00,000 4,00,000-7,00,000 Greater than 7,00,000

3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2

32

APPENDIX D (SPSS OUTPUTS)

33

TABLE 2.1
ANOVA Sum of Squares Climate Change Between Groups Within Groups Total Global Warming Between Groups Within Groups Total 2.266 61.545 63.812 6.793 75.983 82.776 df 3 81 84 3 81 84 2.264 .938 2.414 .073 Mean Square .755 .760 F .994 Sig. .400

TABLE 2.2
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2F Climate Change Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Global Warming Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed - 46.113 1.080 .286 -.250 .231 -.716 .216 .383 .538 1.040 82 .301 -.250 .240 -.728 .228 - 41.707 1.374 .177 -.292 .212 -.720 .137 .077 Sig. .783 t 1.386 df 82 Mean Std. Error Upper .127

tailed) Difference Difference Lower .170 -.292 .211 -.710

TABLE 2.3
ANOVA

34

Sum of Squares Motor Vehicle Pollution Between Groups Within Groups Total Industrial Pollution Between Groups Within Groups Total 7.525 61.047 68.571 8.034 70.743 78.776

df 3 80 83 3 81 84

Mean Square 2.508 .763

F 3.287

Sig. .025

2.678 .873

3.066

.033

TABLE 2.4
ANOVA Sum of Squares I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment I am willing to participate / buy / know more creating sustainable products and services. Total Between Groups Within Groups Total 66.959 9.031 45.051 54.082 72 3 69 72 3.010 .653 4.611 .005 Between Groups Within Groups 10.159 56.800 df 3 69 Mean Square 3.386 .823 F 4.114 Sig. .010

TABLE 2.5
ANOVA Sum of Squares I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. Between Groups Within Groups Total 4.675 45.200 49.875 df 3 68 71 Mean Square 1.558 .665 F 2.344 Sig. .081

35

TABLE 2.6
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2F I am willing to Equal contribute as a variances volunteer towards the cause of cleaner and better environment in any way whatsoever. assumed Equal variances not assumed -.783 31.554 .439 -.199 .254 -.717 .319 1.188 Sig. t df 82 Mean Std. Error Upper .331

tailed) Difference Difference Lower .457 -.199 .266 -.729

.279 -.748

TABLE 2.7
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2F I would pay more for products Equal variances assumed .634 Sig. .428 t 1.672 df 81 Mean Std. Error Upper .074

tailed) Difference Difference Lower .098 -.388 .232 -.851

36

whose

Equal

- 39.911 1.672

.102

-.388

.232

-.858

.081

production and variances not packaging does less damage to the environment Despite the apparently potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food. I am prepared Equal to buy goods / variances services made assumed using Equal responsible or variances not sustainable assumed practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available I am willing to Equal contribute as a variances volunteer towards the cause of cleaner and better environment in any way whatsoever. assumed Equal variances not assumed 2.282 .135 1.223 .272 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed 4.426 .039 assumed

1.629

79

.107

-.436

.268

-.968

.097

- 42.411 1.794

.080

-.436

.243

-.926

.054

2.191

81

.031

-.515

.235

-.983

-.047

- 40.643 2.210

.033

-.515

.233

-.986

-.044

1.873

81

.065

-.455

.243

-.938

.028

- 42.204 1.925

.061

-.455

.236

-.932

.022

37

I am willing to Equal directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. I am willing to Equal participate / buy / know variances assumed variances assumed Equal variances not assumed

.067

.796

3.369

79

.001

-.635

.188

-1.010

-.260

- 44.134 3.508

.001

-.635

.181

-1.000

-.270

12.819

.001

1.937

81

.056

-.412

.213

-.836

.011

more creating Equal sustainable variances not products and services. assumed

- 52.149 2.184

.034

-.412

.189

-.791

-.033

Group Statistics Gender I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. Male Female N 58 23 Mean 2.02 2.65 Std. Deviation .783 .714 Std. Error Mean .103 .149

TABLE 2.8
ANOVA Sum of Squares I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment Despite the apparently potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food. I am prepared to buy goods / Between Groups services made using Within Groups 16.029 63.531 5 78 3.206 .814 3.936 .003 Total Between Groups Within Groups Total 75.750 17.818 77.170 94.988 83 5 76 81 3.564 1.015 3.510 .007 Between Groups Within Groups 4.618 71.132 df 5 78 Mean Square .924 .912 F 1.013 Sig. .416

38

responsible or sustainable practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available

Total

79.560

83

I am willing to contribute as a Between Groups volunteer towards the cause Within Groups of cleaner and better Total environment in any way whatsoever. I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. I am willing to participate / buy / know more creating sustainable products and services. Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total

6.882 79.261 86.143

5 78 83

1.376 1.016

1.355

.251

10.413 43.063 53.476 3.928 60.310 64.238

5 76 81 5 78 83

2.083 .567

3.675

.005

.786 .773

1.016

.414

Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std. N I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. Private Student Business Unemployed Retired Other Total 29 46 2 2 1 2 82 Mean 1.79 2.43 1.50 2.50 3.00 3.00 2.21 Deviation .819 .720 .707 .707 . .000 .813 Std. Error .152 .106 .500 .500 . .000 .090 Lower Bound 1.48 2.22 -4.85 -3.85 . 3.00 2.03 Upper Bound 2.10 2.65 7.85 8.85 . 3.00 2.39 Minimum Maximum 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 3 4 2 3 3 3 4

TABLE 2.9
ANOVA Sum of Squares I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment Total 75.750 83 Between Groups Within Groups 4.618 71.132 df 5 78 Mean Square .924 .912 F 1.013 Sig. .416

39

Despite the apparently potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food.

Between Groups Within Groups Total

17.818 77.170 94.988

5 76 81

3.564 1.015

3.510

.007

I am prepared to buy goods / Between Groups services made using responsible or sustainable practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available I am willing to contribute as a Between Groups volunteer towards the cause Within Groups of cleaner and better Total environment in any way whatsoever. I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. I am willing to participate / buy / know more creating sustainable products and services. Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Within Groups Total

16.029 63.531 79.560

5 78 83

3.206 .814

3.936

.003

6.882 79.261 86.143

5 78 83

1.376 1.016

1.355

.251

10.413 43.063 53.476 3.928 60.310 64.238 Descriptives

5 76 81 5 78 83

2.083 .567

3.675

.005

.786 .773

1.016

.414

95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std. N I am prepared to buy goods / services made using responsible or sustainable Private Student Business Unemployed 29 48 2 2 1 2 84 Mean 1.66 2.48 2.00 2.50 4.00 2.50 2.20 Deviation .897 .850 1.414 2.121 . .707 .979 Std. Error .167 .123 1.000 1.500 . .500 .107 Lower Bound 1.31 2.23 -10.71 -16.56 . -3.85 1.99 Upper Bound 2.00 2.73 14.71 21.56 . 8.85 2.41 Minimum Maximum 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 3 4 4 3 4

practices only even Retired if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available Other Total

40

TABLE 2.10
ANOVA Sum of Squares I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment Despite the apparently potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food. I am prepared to buy goods / Between Groups services made using responsible or sustainable practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available I am willing to contribute as a Between Groups volunteer towards the cause Within Groups of cleaner and better Total environment in any way whatsoever. I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. I am willing to participate / buy / know more creating sustainable products and services. Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total 10.413 43.063 53.476 3.928 60.310 64.238 Descriptives 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std. N Despite the apparently Private Student 28 48 Mean 1.43 2.31 Deviation .879 1.075 Std. Error .166 .155 Lower Bound 1.09 2.00 Upper Bound 1.77 2.62 Minimum Maximum 1 1 4 4 5 76 81 5 78 83 .786 .773 1.016 .414 2.083 .567 3.675 .005 6.882 79.261 86.143 5 78 83 1.376 1.016 1.355 .251 Within Groups Total 16.029 63.531 79.560 5 78 83 3.206 .814 3.936 .003 Total Between Groups Within Groups Total 75.750 17.818 77.170 94.988 83 5 76 81 3.564 1.015 3.510 .007 Between Groups Within Groups 4.618 71.132 df 5 78 Mean Square .924 .912 F 1.013 Sig. .416

41

potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop

Business Unemployed Retired Other

2 2 1 1 82

1.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.99

.000 1.414 . . 1.083

.000 1.000 . . .120

1.00 -10.71 . . 1.75

1.00 14.71 . . 2.23

1 1 3 3 1

1 3 3 3 4

pollution in our air, Total water, ground and food.

TABLE 2.11
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2F Climate Change Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Ozone Hole Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Air Quality Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Global Warming Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Motor Vehicle Equal variances assumed .041 1.168 .283 1.488 - 40.971 1.570 .840 -.196 81 .845 -.045 .228 -.499 .409 .124 -.365 .233 -.835 .105 82 .141 -.365 .245 -.853 .123 -.267 33.026 .791 -.070 .264 -.607 .466 .393 .021 .885 .244 Sig. .623 t 2.261 - 44.401 2.477 1.027 - 35.960 1.008 .532 -.285 82 .776 -.070 .247 -.562 .421 .320 -.262 .259 -.788 .265 81 .308 -.262 .255 -.768 .245 .017 -.478 .193 -.867 -.089 df 82 Mean Std. Error

tailed) Difference Difference Lower Upper .026 -.478 .211 -.899 -.057

42

Pollution

Equal variances not assumed

-.190 35.156

.850

-.045

.235

-.523

.433

Industrial Pollution

Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed

.495

.484 -.746

82

.458

-.180

.242

-.661

.300

-.778 40.024

.441

-.180

.232

-.649

.288

Electronic Items

Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed

1.710

.195

1.848

82

.068

-.459

.248

-.953

.035

- 42.735 1.989 Group Statistics

.053

-.459

.231

-.924

.006

Transaportation Climate Change Yes No

N 62 22

Mean 3.11 3.59

Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean .889 .734 .113 .157

TABLE 2.12
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. (2F I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment Despite the apparently potential Equal variances assumed .004 .951 1.655 78 .102 -.413 .250 -.910 .084 Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed - 71.008 1.906 .061 -.385 .202 -.788 .018 13.440 Sig. .000 t 1.766 df 80 Mean Std. Error Upper .049

tailed) Difference Difference Lower .081 -.385 .218 -.819

43

negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food.

Equal variances not assumed

- 58.874 1.660

.102

-.413

.249

-.911

.085

I am prepared Equal to buy goods / variances services made assumed using Equal responsible or variances not sustainable assumed practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available I am willing to Equal contribute as a variances volunteer towards the cause of cleaner and better environment in any way whatsoever. I am willing to Equal directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. variances assumed Equal variances not assumed assumed Equal variances not assumed

3.255

.075

2.693

80

.009

-.586

.218

-1.019

-.153

- 60.630 2.740

.008

-.586

.214

-1.014

-.158

4.975

.029

3.336

80

.001

-.746

.224

-1.191

-.301

- 60.826 3.397

.001

-.746

.220

-1.186

-.307

2.549

.114

2.810

78

.006

-.516

.184

-.882

-.151

- 69.746 3.062

.003

-.516

.169

-.853

-.180

44

I am willing to Equal participate / buy / know variances assumed

17.566

.000

1.871

80

.065

-.372

.199

-.768

.024

more creating Equal sustainable variances not products and services. assumed

- 74.722 2.067

.042

-.372

.180

-.731

-.013

Group Statistics Buying Patterns I would pay more for products whose production and packaging does less damage to the environment Despite the apparently potential negative economic impact, more restrictions on industry are needed to stop pollution in our air, water, ground and food. I am prepared to buy goods / Yes services made using responsible or sustainable practices only even if they are slightly more expensive, wherever available I am willing to contribute as a Yes volunteer towards the cause No of cleaner and better environment in any way whatsoever. I am willing to directly contribute funds to sustainable and responsible organisations. I am willing to participate / buy / know more creating sustainable products and services. Yes No 53 29 2.28 2.66 .948 .670 .130 .124 Yes No 52 28 2.02 2.54 .852 .637 .118 .120 53 29 1.94 2.69 .989 .930 .136 .173 No 53 29 2.00 2.59 .961 .907 .132 .168 Yes No 51 29 1.86 2.28 1.077 1.066 .151 .198 Yes No N 53 29 Mean 2.13 2.52 Std. Deviation 1.020 .785 Std. Error Mean .140 .146

45

APPENDIX E GENERAL REFERENCE (SECONDARY DATA TABLES)

Emissions and targets by country:

46

47

Actions most frequently cited as the most effective actions the individual respondent could take to help prevent global warming: responses provided to an open-ended question.

Actions most frequently cited as the most important actions the government could take to prevent global warming: responses provided to an open-ended question.

48

49