Drug Study

Functional Class: Chemical Class: Generic Name: Mechanism of Action:

Antithelmintic Synthetic benzimidazole Ephedrine Anthelmintics must be selectively toxic to the parasite. This is usually achieved either by inhibiting metabolic processes that are vital to the parasite but not vital to or absent in the host, or by inherent pharmacokinetic properties of the compound that cause the parasite to be exposed to higher concentrations of the anthelmintic than are the host cells. While the precise mode of action of many anthelmintics is not fully understood, the sites of action and biochemical mechanisms of many of them are generally known. Parasitic helminths must maintain an appropriate feeding site, and nematodes and trematodes must actively ingest and move food through their digestive tracts to maintain an appropriate energy state; this and reproductive processes require proper neuromuscular coordination. Parasites must also maintain homeostasis despite host immune reactions. The pharmacologic basis of the treatment for helminths generally involves interference with the integrity of parasite cells, neuromuscular coordination, or protective mechanisms against host immunity, which lead to starvation, paralysis, and expulsion or digestion of the parasite. Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy & lactation. 1-dose treatment 500 mg to be taken as a single dose. 3-day treatment 100 mg or 5 mL bid given for 3 consecutive days. Tablet Metronidazole, cimetidine Diarrhea, abdominal pain. Diarrhea, abdominal pain. Initiate second course of treatment if cure does not occur within 3 wk. Examine and treat all family members simultaneously because pinworms are readily transmitted from person to person. Practice thorough hand washing after touching any potentially contaminated item. Change underclothing, bedclothes, towels, and facecloths daily; bathe frequently, preferably by showering. Infected person should sleep alone. Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.

Contraindications: Usual Dose:

Dosage Form: Drug Interaction: Side effects: Adverse effects: Nursing Considerations:

Drug Study

Functional Class: Chemical Class: Generic Name: Brand Name: Mechanism of Action:

Antihistamine 2nd Generation Piperidines loratadine Claritin Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which acts as a selective inverse agonist of peripheral histamine H1-receptors.[6] Histamine is responsible for many features of allergic reactions. Pregnancy, lactation, children <2 yr. Place rapid dissolving tablets on tongue. Swallow with or without water. ADULTS AND PATIENTS > 6 YR 10 mg daily PO on an empty stomach. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 2 5 YR 5 mg PO daily (syrup).

Contraindications: Usual Dose:

GERIATRIC PATIENTS OR PATIENTS WITH RENAL OR HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT 10 mg PO every other day. Dosage Form: Tablets10 mg; syrup5 mg/5 mL; rapidly disintegrating tablets (Reditabs)10 mg; orally disintegrating tablets10 mg Drug Interaction: N/A Side effects: Fatigue, giddiness, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, nausea, somnolence.. Adverse effects: Fatigue, giddiness, dizziness, dry mouth, headache, nausea, somnolence. Nursing Considerations: History: Allergy to any antihistamines; narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, asthma, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction; lactation, pregnancy Physical: Skin color, lesions, texture; orientation, reflexes, affect; vision examinations; R, adventitious sounds; prostate palpation; serum transaminase levels Administer without regard to meals. If using rapid or orally dissolving tablets, place on tongue, tablet will dissolve within seconds, swallow with or without water. Avoid the use of alcohol; serious sedation could occur. You may experienc these side effects: Dizziness, sedation, drowsiness (use caution if driving or performing tasks that require alertness); headache; thickening of bronchial secretions, dryness of nasal mucosa (use a humidifier). Report difficulty breathing, hallucinations, tremors, loss of coordination, irregular heartbeat. Drug Study

Functional Class: Chemical Class: Generic Name: Brand Name: Mechanism of Action:

Decongestant phenylephrine HCL Chlorphenamine Maleate Paracetamol Neozep Forte Anthelmintics must be selectively toxic to the parasite. This is usually achieved either by inhibiting metabolic processes that are vital to the parasite but not vital to or absent in the host, or by inherent pharmacokinetic properties of the compound that cause the parasite to be exposed to higher concentrations of the anthelmintic than are the host cells. While the precise mode of action of many anthelmintics is not fully understood, the sites of action and biochemical mechanisms of many of them are generally known. Parasitic helminths must maintain an appropriate feeding site, and nematodes and trematodes must actively ingest and move food through their digestive tracts to maintain an appropriate energy state; this and reproductive processes require proper neuromuscular coordination. Parasites must also maintain homeostasis despite host immune reactions. The pharmacologic basis of the treatment for helminths generally involves interference with the integrity of parasite cells, neuromuscular coordination, or protective mechanisms against host immunity, which lead to starvation, paralysis, and expulsion or digestion of the parasite. Hypersensitivity. Pregnancy & lactation. 1-dose treatment 500 mg to be taken as a single dose. 3-day treatment 100 mg or 5 mL bid given for 3 consecutive days. Tablet Metronidazole, cimetidine Diarrhea, abdominal pain. Diarrhea, abdominal pain.

Contraindications: Usual Dose:

Dosage Form: Drug Interaction: Side effects: Adverse effects:

Nursing Considerations:

Initiate second course of treatment if cure does not occur within 3 wk. Examine and treat all family members simultaneously because pinworms are readily transmitted from person to person. Practice thorough hand washing after touching any potentially contaminated item. Change underclothing, bedclothes, towels, and facecloths daily; bathe frequently, preferably by showering. Infected person should sleep alone. Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.