Cultures and Magic Unit Handbook SC1062C 2010/11

CONTENTS:
1. Module Introduction
Why study Cultures and Magic? Module aims Learning Outcomes 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 9 9 9 12

2. The Essentials
Contacts Teaching Pattern Senda and Additional Academic Support

3. Deadlines and Assignments in Brief 4. Weekly Programme 5. The Seminars 6. The Assessments
a. The Diagnostic Essay b. The Short Essay c. the Exam

7. Reading Lists

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1. Module Introduction Why study Cultures and Magic? MODULE AIMS: This course aims to provide a critical overview of how
social anthropologists have approached the study of cultures and societies. This course also aims to highlight the popularity of studying aspects of culture that possess an other worldly or magical dimension. The overall aim is to urge students to understand the problems associated with the study of cultures whose cosmologies clash with the secular scientific approach of western societies.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
To understand the different ways in which anthropologists have approached the study of culture through a focus on magic. To understand the importance of gendered analysis. Conduct theoretical critiques of relevant ethnographic case studies. Show understanding of cultures other than your own. Show the ability to critically analyse academic material.

2. THE ESSENTIALS Contacts

For general enquiries relating to the module contact Tamsin Bradley.

Lecturer and Seminar Tutor: Dr Tamsin Bradley Tel: 0207 320 1040 Email: t.bradley@londonmet.ac.uk Office: CSG05 Office hours: Tuesdays 2-3 Department Administrator: Rita Edmonds Tel: 0207 320 1040 Email: rita.edmond@londonmet.ac.uk

Teaching Pattern
The teaching format will consist of Lectures and Seminars, both conducted by myself. I will also be available to discuss issues related to the course on an individual basis. To ensure an appointment advance booking is required this should be done by emailing me. Mondays Lecture 2-3 Seminar 3-4

SENDA and Additional Academic Support This university is committed to meeting the needs of its disabled students. All students are entitled to access the curriculum on a level playing field with their peers. If there are any adjustments to either teaching or assessment practices that you require because of a disability or specific learning difficulty you must inform the Lecturer. All information that you disclose about yourself is confidential. If you recognise a particular area of academic weakness and feel you need some support in enhancing your academic abilities the Learning Development Unit runs a number of voluntary courses on a range of academic skills. For more information contact the Learning Development Unit (LDU) Departmental Office: City: Pam Dorrington: LDU Receptionist, Calcutta House, CM222.

Tel: E-mail:

1125 (external: 0207 320 1125) p.dorrington@londonmet.ac.uk

3. Deadlines and assignments in brief

This is an overview of the assignment deadlines and exam requirement that must be completed to pass this module. Full details of how to do well in these assignments are located later in this book.

Please be aware that the university has introduced very strict regulations in regard to work submitted late and the mitigating circumstances process.

The module is assessed by the following means:

20% Diagnostic study (1200 1500 words) due week 6. 40% Short essay (1500 words) due week 12. 40% Unseen exam
= 100%

Note: ALL assignments must be completed to pass this module.

4. Weekly programme:
This module is taught in an hour long weekly Lecture and an hour long weekly Seminar. The topics, essential reading and learning outcomes for each week are given in the table below:
Lecture Topics and Learning Objectives Week 1. Why cultures and Magic? Orientation of module. Essential Reading Please read through course handbook.

Week 2. Religion, Culture and the Environment

To identify key themes in anthropology. To understand the link between religion, culture and the environment. To understand what is meant by the term cosmology.

Chapter 5 religion culture and the environment, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

WEEK 3 CHOOSING YOUR ETHNOGRAPHY NO TAUGHT CLASS THIS WEEK

READ CHOSEN ETHNOGRAPHY FOR DIAGNOSTIC ESSAY

Week 3. Witchcraft Part I To appreciate the different meanings associated with witchcraft cross culturally. To understand the cosmologies on which witchcraft beliefs rest. To appropriate the gendered nature of witchcraft. Chapter 8 Witchcraft and the Evil Eye, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 4. Witchcraft Part II: Witchcraft in the West To appreciate how witchcraft has been used in the west to conjure negative and harmful ideologies. To appreciate the relationship between witchcraft and paganism. To appreciate the positive ways in witchcraft is experienced and practiced today. E.g. Exploration into the term white witch.

P129-137 Chapter 5 religion culture and the environment, in Bowie, F. 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 5. Mythology, Gender and the Body To examine how culture is gendered. To understand the link between Myth, gender and the body. To reflect upon what implications culture may have for the daily lives of men and women.

Chapter 7 Shamanism, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 6. Shamanism Part I To appreciate the different ways in which shamanism has been studied.

To examine the motivations for western fascination with shamanism.

Week 7. Purity and Pollution Symbolism To examine how purity and pollution symbolism has been used crossculturally to influence human behaviour. To understand the how this symbolism is gendered.

Diagnostic Essay Due

Chapter 3 Maintaining and Transforming Boundaries: the Politics of Religious Identity, in Bowie, F 2000. The Anthropology of Religion: An Introduction. London: Blackwells.

Week 8. Healing Rituals and Spirit Possession To examine the link between healing and spirit possession. To examine different approaches to healing and their related cosmologies. What functions do these rituals fulfil? Pages 35-40, 41-48 in Bradley, T. 2007. The Relationships Between Religion and Development: Views from Anthropology. Birmingham: Religion and Development Research Programme.

Week 9. Shamanism Part II To critically analyses western research/experience of shamanism. Same as week 6

Week 11. Summary of course Week 12: Essay Due, exam advice and revision

5: The Seminars
The seminars will combine discussions around the key questions arising from the lecture, and essential reading. Students will be asked to lead a seminar by either by introducing relevant DVD footage or by presenting a directed reading (the essential reading for that week). Guidance on academic skills and the assessments will also be given.

6: The Assessments
The following pages explore in detail how students can do well in the assignments. Please read the information carefully.

a. Diagnostic Essay

(1500 including references, bibliography)

Deadline: Friday week 6 by 5PM

If students want drafts to be looked over they must be submitted as email attachment no later than Friday of week 5. This essay requires you to choose one ethnographic text. This will be a single authored book (monograph) written by an anthropologist. A list of possible books are given in the reading list section under the heading ethnographies. You may choose a volume you have already looked at as part of Introduction to Social Anthropology or may select one that ties into a theme we have or will cover in this course. You must read the volume and write a critical review of it. The following questions/topics are designed to help frame your essay: 1. Can you give some background information into the work and life of the author? Where did they study? Are they well known for pioneering a specific approach? Where did they do most of their research? Can you list some of their work in addition to the volume you have chosen? 2. What attracted you to this volume? 3. How is the volume structured? 4. What approach did the anthropologists take in their research? How long did they spend doing fieldwork? What do they say about their field work experiences? Did they encounter any problems? 5. What are the main findings presented in the volume? 6. What do you think is the main contribution made by this volume? 7. What do other people say about this volume? Is it well regarded or have people been critical? Can you see any problems in the work? Are there any issues that the anthropologist has missed out? 8. What comments can you make about the style of writing? In addition to your chosen volume you may need to find sources that: Offer background information about your anthropologists. You might find one of the texts listed in the section Introductory Texts helpful. Sources written on a similar topic. Sources written directly in response to the volume.

B. Short Essay Essay Questions: Choose one from the list below 1. Assess the contribution Evans Pritchard has made to anthropology. 2. Compare and contrast witchcraft and shamanism.

3. What is the link between witchcraft and paganism? 4. Do you agree with Ortners statement that female is to male as nature is to culture? 5. Compare and contrast two cosmologies. 6. How are womens lives affected by purity and pollution symbolism? 7. What links can be made between healing rituals and human behaviour? 8. What is spirit possession and how does it impact on social relations? 9. What is the link between witchcraft, misfortune and power? 10. Bio-medicine seeks to undermine traditional healing practices. Discuss

WARNING: Marks may be deducted for work significantly below the minimum or above the maximum word-count.
Advice on Sources: Your essays must draw upon source evidence in order to strengthen arguments and tie in your observations with existing understandings. For this exercise, therefore, several potential sources will be useful. You should aim to use 5 sources. These sources should be a selection of different types of research e.g. textbook, single authored monograph, journal article, chapter in an edited volume. All sources must be referenced both in the main text and also in the bibliography at the end. How to construct a good answer: things to bear in mind The assignment is your opportunity to show that you understand the core material on which this module is based, and can implement, study skills and academic practices. Since it is likely to be the first essay you write at university see it as an opportunity to gage you current academic level and to find out what is expected of you as a degree level student. In other words, the process of producing your first essay will be a sharp learning curve. However it should be an experience from which you can acquire some basic academic tools which you will use throughout your course. The assignment will provide a focus for you to show how you have attempted to develop your own appreciation of the topic addressed throughout the course and must not simply regurgitate what the lecturer has told you in the lectures and seminars.

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Remember the importance attached to analysis and evaluation at university-level study: dont simply present information in an uncritical way, but critically analyse the material you chose to use. Remember, in your essay you should: think carefully about the best structural approach to adopt. There is no single correct approach, but you must think in terms of What is the most logical way in which I can systematically address everything that needs to be discussed in order to fully answer the question? write in academic English, with carefully considered sentences; the use of bullet-points should be kept to a minimum, and used only when absolutely necessary. Instead, effort should be made to construct clear, well-written sentences. reference your work consistently and thoroughly, including page references where such exist, and full web-pathway information for internet sources. Guidance on referencing technique will be covered in the classes.

try to minimise using I or my in referring to yourself or your opinions in your work. Instead, refer to yourself dispassionately, as, for example, this member of the group, the present writer, the author, etc. Even quite personal work such as this does not actually need to use I at all, without compromising your observations. Guidance will be given in classes on how to write academically and in the third person, as it is called. Use we sparingly and only when addressing yourself and the reader. When referring to your group, use the group rather than we. Marking criteria for the Written Assignments
Understanding the question, concepts and theories involved. Structure/Planning: sensible, systematic, and logical communication of ideas and themes, with clear and purposeful Introduction: Main section: Conclusion. Focus/Coverage: full and coherent answering of the question; no waffle: avoiding discussion of a too general or irrelevant nature. Grammar and Written style: command of written English language.

Research: recourse to an appropriate level of relevant source material.

Use of sources: to build and sustain effective and consistent arguments.

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Critical analysis: synthesis-analysisevaluation of evidence, comparing and contrasting where appropriate.

Academic English: grasp of academic writing style and technique. A considered, impartial approach mirrored by an impartial and considered written style. Flow and signposting: sensible linking and explanatory passages to ensure understanding and readability. Presentation/style: how well have you presented your findings; does the work look good and read well?

Referencing/Bibliography: thorough and systematic, in accepted style. Consistency: in quality of written work and arguments being made; identifying and, where possible, resolving problems.

WARNING: HAND-WRITTEN WORK IS NOT DEEMED SATISFACTORY FOR SUBMISSION. ALL WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS MUST BE WORD-PROCESSED, AND PRESENTED IN A PLASTIC SLIP OR FOLDER.

C. Exam
The exam will consist of a list of ten unseen questions. You must choose TWO and answer them as fully as possible in two hours. Below are some sample papers. Sample Exam Paper 1
Answer two of the following questions. 1. Assess the contribution Evans Pritchard has made to anthropology. 2. Why have the themes of myth, symbolism and ritual been popular with anthropologists? 3. What is ethnography? 4. Why are anthropologists accused of exerting authority over their research subjects? 5. With an example describe a gendered approach to anthropology. 6. How possible is it for an anthropologist to participate in the lives of his/her research subjects? 7. Present a critical analysis of the research of one anthropologist. 8. How has anthropology been put to practical use? 9.What is the link between witchcraft, misfortune and power? 10. Anthropologists have a unique contribution to make to development practice. Discuss

Sample Exam Paper 2.

Answer TWO of the following questions: 1. Unpack the following quote; That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

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2. Why do contemporary anthropologists no longer study 'Primitive' People? 3. Critically discuss the phrase functionalists are concerned with what people do rather than understanding why they do it. 4. Why is the term Cultural Relativism so important to anthropologists? 5. Outline two ways in which anthropology has applied itself. 6. What do anthropologists do in the field? 7. Why do feminist anthropologists believe gender is so important? 8. What do anthropologists claim to know? 9. How do anthropologists think religion impacts on culture and society? 10. Magic helps people explain misfortune discuss in relation to either shamanism or witchcraft.

8. READING LISTS
You are expected to read at least one of the listed pieces of essential reading given each week. IT IS VITAL that you keep up with the reading this course builds on concepts and ideas each week. You cannot develop your overall understanding of the subject matter unless you consistently read and engage with each weeks topic.

Books to Buy:
There is no need to buy any books. If you are well organised and think in advance you can find all the sources you need in the library and by taking advantage of the reading packs and internet journals. However, if you do wish to buy a book the following is used frequently as essential reading and forms the foundation of the course. Bowie, F. 2000. The Anthropology of Religion. Oxford: Blackwells.

Further Reading:
Below are lists of further reading. The lists are organised according to subject.

Subject Librarian:
Indira Malik Calcutta House ex1187 i.malik@londonmet.ac.uk

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Library Key
CH: Calcutta House CR: Comercial Road WL: Womens Library WLRR: Womens Library Reading Room LH: Labroke House HR: Holloway Road

Overview/Introductory Texts to Social Anthropology

Barnard, A & J. Spencer. 1996. Encyclopaedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology . London: Routledge HR 306.03 ENC Barnard, A. 2000. History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CH 301.01 BAR Bloch, M. 1975. Marxist Analyses and Social Anthropology. London: Malaby. CH 306 NEW Bloch, M. 1983. Marxism and Anthropology: The History of a Relationship . Oxford: Clarendon. CH306 BLO Bock, P. 1979. Modern Cultural Anthropology: an Introduction. NY: Knopf LH 306 BOC Cheater, A. 1991. Social Anthropology. London: Routledge. CH 306 CHE Clifford, J. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth Century Ethnography, Literature and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Crehan, K 2002. Gramsci, Culture and Anthropology . London: Pluto Press HR 301.01 CRE Hendry, J. 1999. An Introduction to Social Anthropology: Other Peoples Worlds. Basingstoke: Macmillan. CH 306 HEN. Hick, D & M. Gwynne. 1996. Cultural Anthropology. NY: Harper Collins CH 306 HIC Hunter, D.ed. 1976. Encyclopaedia of Anthropology. London: Harper Row. CH 306.03 ENC Ingold, T. ed. 1994. Companion Encyclopaedia of Anthropology . London: Routledge. HR 306.03 COM Hendry, J. 1999. An Introduction to Social Anthropology: Other Peoples Worlds. Seymour-Smith, C. 1986. Macmillan Dictionary of Anthropology. London: Macmillan Reference CH301.03SEY

Religion and Culture

Alexander, C. 2005. Making Race matter: Bodies, Space and Identity. NY: Palgrave. Black, P. 2004. The beauty Industry: Gender, Culture, Pleasure. London: Routledge. Bordo, S. 2003. Unbearable Weight: Feminism, western culture and the body. Berekely: University of California Press. Craik, J. 2005. Uniforms Exposed: from conformity to Transgression. Oxford: Berg.

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Crapo, R. H. 2003. Anthropology of Religion: The Unity and Diversity of Religions . London: McGraw Hill. Edwards, T. 2006. Cultures of Masculinity. London: Routledge. Glazier, S. ed. 1997. Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook. London: Greenwood Press. Holland, S. 2004. Alternative Femininities, body, age and identity. Oxford: Berg Jeffereys, S. 2005. Beatuty and Misogyny: harmful Cultural Practices in the West. London: Routledge. Shillings, C. 2005. The Body in Culture, Technology and Society. London: Sage.

Initiation Rites and Rituals

Bell, C. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press Bourdieu, P. 1977. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Douglas, M. 1975. Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology . London: Routledge. CH 306 DOU Fox, R. 1983. Kinship and Marriage: An Anthropological Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. HR 306.83 FOX Geertz, C. 1975. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays by Clifford Geertz . London: Lawrence and Wishart. Good, A. 1991. The Female Bridegroom: A Comparative Study of Life Crisis Rituals in Sri Lanka .. Oxford: Calredon. HR 392.0954 GOD Koso-Thomas, O. 1987. Circumcision of women: a strategy for eradication. London: Zed Books. Lutkenhas, N. 1995. Gender Rituals: Female Initiation in Melanesia. NY: Routledge. Mayled, J. 1986. Initiation Rites. Hove: Wayland. Richards, A. 1982. Chisungu: A girls Initiation ceremony among the Bemba of Zambia. NY: Tavistock.

Witchcraft, Shamanism, Illness and Misfortune and Traditional Healing Practices

Balzer, M, M. ed. 1997. Shamanic Worlds: Rituals and Love of Siberia and Central Asia. NY and London: North Castle Books. Castaneda, C. 1976. The Teachings of Don Juan: a Yaqui Way of Knowledge . Harmonsworth: Penguin. Castaneda, M. 1996. A Magical Journey with Carols Castaneda. NY: Book World Press. Casteneda, C. 1990. Journey to istlan: The Lessons of Don Juan. London: Arckana. HR 291.62 CAS Drury, N. 1992. The Elements of Shamanism. Shaftesbury: Element Books. Drury, N. 2004. Magic and Witchcraft from Shamanism to the technopagans. London: Thames and Hudson. CR 133.409 DRU

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Eliade, M 1988. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. London: Penguin. CR 291.62.ELI Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1972. Theories of Primitive Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Glazier, S, D. ed. 1997 Anthropology of Religion: a Handbook: Part IV: Shamanism and Religious Consciousness. Westport and London: Greenwood Press. Grim, J. 1987. The Shaman: Patterns of Religious Healing Among the Ojibway Indians. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. Halifax, J. 1990. Shaman the Wounded Healer. London: Thames & Hudson. Harner, M. 1990. The Way of the Shaman. NY: Harper Collins. Kendall, C. 1985. Shamans, Housewives and other Restless Spirits Women in Korean Ritual Life . Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Womens Library Reading Room 299.57 KEN Lewis, L. M. 1971. Ecstatic Religion: An Anthropological Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism. Harmonsworth: Penguin. CH 306.6 LEW Matthews, J. 1991. The Celtic Shaman: A Handbook. Shaftesbury: Element CR 299.16 MAT. Taussig, M. 1986. Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man: A Study in Terror and Healing . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. HR 291.62 TAU Tucker, M. 1992. Dreaming with Open Eyes: The Shamanic Spirit in Twentiteth Century Art and Culture. San Franscesco: Harper. CR 291.62 TUC Cunningham, G. 1999. Religion and Magic: Approaches and Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Douglas, M. ed. 1970. Witchcraft Confessions and Accusations. London: Tavistock Evans Pritchard, E. E. 1976. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford: Claredon Press Frazer, J. G. 1963. The Golden Bough: a Study in Magic and Religion. London: Macmillan. CH291.12 FRA Kapfere, B. 1991. A Celebration of Demons: Exorcism and the Aesthetics of Healing in Sri Lanka. Oxford: Berg. CR 133.427095493 KAP Levi-Strauss, C. 1963. Structural Anthropology. New York: Basic Books. CH 306 LEV Murray, M. 1921. The Witch-cult in Western Europe: A Study in Anthropology. Oxford: Claredon Press. WLRR 291.33 Parsons, A. 1969. Belief Magic and Anomie: Essays in Psychosocial Anthropology . NY: Free Press CH 362.2042 PAR Radcliffe -Brown, A.R. 1952. Structure and Function in Primitive Society Essays and Addresses . London: Routledge CH306 RAD Stoller, P and Oates, C.1987. In Sorcery's Shadow: A Memoir of Apprenticeship Among the Songhay of Niger. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press. Thomas, K. 1971. Religion and the Decline of Magic. London: Weidenfield and Nicholson.

Anthropology and Development

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Burghart, R. 1993. His Lordship at the Cobblers Well, in Hobart, M., ed. An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance. London: Routledge. Chant, S & C. Mcllwaine. 1995. Women of a Lesser Coat: Female Labour, Foreign Exchange and Phillippine Development. London: Pluto Press. CH 331. 409599 CHA Cochrane, G., ed. 1976. What We Can Do For Each Other? An Inter- disciplinary Approach to Development Anthropology. Amsterdam: B.R. Gruner. Cochrane, G. 1971. Development Anthropology. New York: Oxford University Press. Crewe, E and E. Harrison. 2000. Whose Development? An Ethnography of Aid. London and New York: Zed Books. Edelman, M & A. Hangerud. 2005. The Anthropology of Development and Globalisations: From Classical Political Economy to Contemporary Neo Liberalism . Cambridge: Blackwells. Epstein, T.S. 1984: Development Anthropology in Project Implementation, in Partridge, W.L., ed. Training Manual in Development Anthropology . Washington D.C: American Anthropological Society. Gardener, K. 1995. Global Migrants Local Lives: Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh . Oxford: Oxford University Press. HR S Asia 304.8095492 GAR Grillo, R. and A, Rew., eds. Social Anthropology and Development Policy (ASA Monographs 23). London: Tavistock Place. Grillo, R.D an R, L. Stirrat.., eds. 1997. Discourses on Development: Anthropological Perspectives. Oxford: Berg. Hobart, M., ed. 1993. An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance . New York: Oxford University Press. Loker, M. ed. 1998. Globalization and the Rural Poor in Latin America.. Boulder: Colo: Lynne Rienner. CH 305.569098 Mair, L. 1984. Anthropology and Development. London: Macmillan. CH303.44MAI Pottier, J., ed. 1993. Practising Development: Social Science Perspectives. London: Routledge. Pottier, J., A, Bicker and P, Stilloe., eds. 2003. Negotiating Local Knowledge: Power and Identity in Development. London: Pluto Press. Richards, P. 1993. 'Cultivation: Knowledge or Performance?' in Hobart, M., ed. An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance . London: Routledge. Roberston, A, F. 1984. The People and the State: An Anthropology of Planned Development . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Stilloe, P, A and J, Pottier., eds. 2002. Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge. London: Routledge. Stirrat, R, L. and H, Henkel. 1997. The Development Gift: The Problem of Reciprocity in the NGO World, Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science 554: 66-80. Van Willigen, J. 1993. Applied Anthropology and Introduction. HR 306.072 VAN

Anthropology and Gender

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Delvalle, T. ed. 1993. Gendered Anthropology. London: Routledge. CH 305. 3 GEN Di Leonardo, M., ed. 1991. Gender at the Crossroads of Knowledge: Feminist Anthropology in the Post-modern Era. London: Macmillan. HR 305.42 GEN Douglas, M. 1996. Purity and Danger An Analysis of the Concepts of pollution and Taboo . London and New York: Routledge. CR 306 DOU Errington, F. 1987. Cultural Alternatives and a Feminist Anthropology: An Analysis of Culturally Constructed Gendered Interests in Papua New Guinea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CH305.30899912ERR Gilmoore, D. 1990. Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity . London: Yale University Press. HR 305.31 GIL Hongan, S. 1988. Nature and Culture in Western Discourses. London: Routledge. HR 306 HON Lamphere, L, h. Ragone and P. Zavella. 1997. Situated Lives: gender and Culture in Everyday Life. New York: Routledge. WLRR 305.3 SIT REF ONLY MacCormack, C and Strathern, M., eds. 1980. Nature, Culture and Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. MacClaurin, I. ed. 2001. Black Feminist Anthropology: Theory and Politics, Praxis and Poetics. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. WLRR 301.08208936 Moore, H. 1988. Feminism and Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. WL 301 MOO Moore, H. 1986. A Passion For Difference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ortner, S. and Whitehead, H., eds. 1981. Sexual Meanings: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reiter, R. 1975. Towards an Anthropology of Women. NY: Monthly Review Press. CH 305.42 TOW Rosaldo, M. and Lamphere, L. 1974. Women, Culture and Society. California: Stanford University Press. Schick, I .C. 1990. Representing Middle Eastern Women: Feminism and Colonial Discourse, Feminist Studies 16 (2): 345-80. Warren, C. 1988. Gender Issues in Field Research. California: Sage Publications.

Mothering and Reproduction

Bassin, D. ed. 1994. Representations of Motherhood. New haven: Yale University Press. Chodorow, N. 1978. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chodorow, N. The Reproduction of Mothering. WL Offprint Diquinzio, P. 1985. The Impossibility of Motherhood: Feminism, Individualism and the Problem of Mothering. New York: Routledge. Lawler, S. 2000. Mothering the Self: Mothers, Daughters, Subjects. London: Routledge. Nakano, E. 1994. Mothering, Ideology, Experience and Agency. London: Routledge.

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Silva, E. 1996. Good Enough Mothering? Feminist Perspective on Lone Mothering. London: Routledge. Trebilcot, J. 1983. Mothering: Essays in Feminist Theory. Totowa, Rowman and Allanheld. Van Merns, J. ed. 1993. Daughtering and Mothering. London: Routledge.

Producing an Ethnography
Appadurai, A. 1988. 'Introduction: place and Voice in Anthropology', Cultural Anthropology 31:16-20. Asad, T . 1986. 'The Concept of Cultural Translation', in J. Clifford and G. E. Marcus., eds. Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography . Berkeley: University of California Press. 1987. Are There Histories Without People? A review article, Society for Comparative Society and History: 594-97. Chatterjee, P. 2002. Ethnographic Acts Writing Women and Other Political Fields, in Saunders, K., ed. Feminist Post-Development Thought Rethinking Modernity Post-Colonialism and Representation. London: Zed Books. Clifford, J. and Marcus, G., eds. 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography . Berkeley: University of California Press. Davies, C. 1999. Reflexive Ethnography: A Guide to Researching selves and others. London: Routledge. CH 305.800723 DAV Emerson, R. 1983. Contemporary Field Research: A Collection of Readings . Boston: Little Brown CH301.072CON Geertz, C. 1993. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretative Anthropology . London: Fontana Press. HR 306 GEE CH 306 GEE Freeman, D. 1983. Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making of an Anthropological Myth. London: Harvard University Press. CH 305.235099613 FRE Finnegan, R. 2003. Anonymity and Pseudonyms, in Anthropology Today Apr 19 (2). Cambridge: Blackwells. Hobart, M. 1996. 'Ethnography as a Practice, or on the Unimportance of Penguins', Europaea II1:3-36. Knott, K. 1995. Women, Researching, Women Researched: Gender as an Issue in the Empirical Study of Religion, in Spencer, J. 1989. Anthropology as a Kind of Writing, MAN 24 (1):45-64. Spradley, J. 1980. Participant Observation. Fortworth: Harcourt Brace CH 306.072 SPR Spradley, J. 1979. The Ethnographic Interview. Belmont Calif: Wadsworth Thompson Learning CH306.072 SPR Wolcott, H. 2001. Writing up Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications CH 808.02 WOL

Ethnographies

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Abu-Lughod, L. 1988. Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in Beduion Society. Oxford, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. California Press. 1993. Writing Womens Worlds. Oxford, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of

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