SSB RECEIVER

Inject lF Frequency
Inject Measure frequency
S S BR F Typical RF Voltage

+ 7.8 MHz

Audio

I n j e c t7 . 8 M H z R F + 7.8 MHz
MeasureFrequency
RF Voltaqe

Typical
19.2MHz

Measure
Frequency

Fig. 2l-Simplified SSB receiuer.

There are only minor differences between the opera-
tion of an SSB receiver and a standard AM receiver.
First, the frequency of the local oscillator selects the
upper or lower sideband. The block diagram in Fig.
21 shows a typical local oscillator zurangement. Ttre
LSB oscillator will produce a different frequency of
7.8 MHz when cohbined with a lower-sideband
signal. This is done by mixing the incoming single
sideband signal with a frequency of about 1g.2MHz.
The USB oscillator will also produce a 7.8 MHz IF
frequency when mixed with an upper sideband signal.
In this case, the injected frequency is 34.8 MHz, or
7.8 MHz above the selected sideband frequency.
The IF stages pass the signal as an SSB signal. It is
necessary to re-insert the missing carrier frequency
before final detection. This is done in a "Product
Mixer" which inserts the missing 7.8 MHz carrier on
the SSB IF signal. The result is an audio output that
is the same as the original modulation information
present in the transmitter. In order for the carier
mixer to operate properly, the inserted signal must be
EXACTLY the same frequency as the missing carrier.
The "clarifier control" allows the frequency of the
7.8 MHz oscillator to be shifted slightly. This com-
pensates for a transmitter that may be slightly off
frequency (but still within FCC specs).

FREQUENCY
SYNTHESIZER
Some transceivers require one crystal for each trans-
mitter channel and one for each receiver channel.
This means a 23 channel transceiver requires 46 CRYSTAL SYNTHESIZERSCHEME
crystals. Frequency synthesizer stages reduce the NOTE I Al-l- frequencies are in MHz.
number of crystals to L4 or less for all 23 transmit RECE]VI ffiCETVE TMNSMTT TNSMIT
CHNNEL HF CRYSTAL LF CRYSTAL OUTPUT LF CRYSTAL OUTPUT
and reeeive stages.
32.700 6.130q 26,s096 5.735 26.965
32.140 6,1804 26.5196 5.125 26.975
3 2, 7 0 0 6,1?0q 26.5296 s.715 26.985
A synthesizer takes advantage of heterodyning--which 32.104 6.150C 26.5C96 5.695 27.005

produces the sum and difference of two oscillator 32.750

32.750
6.190q
6,180q
?6.5596
26.5696
5.735
s.725
21.A15
21.025
frequencies. By selecting the frequencies of two oscil- 32.750
32.750
6,170q
6,150q
26.5796
26.5996
5,715
5.635
27.035
27.055
lators properly, the required 46 frequencies can be 9 32.800 6.190C 26,60S6 5,735 27.065
t0 32.800 6.1804 26 . 6 1 S
6 5.725
obtained with fewer than 46 crystals. 11 32.800 6 . 1 7 0c 26.6296 5.715
27,015
2 1, 0 8 5
T2 32.800 6.150q 26.6496 5 . 6 95 2 7, L A s
13 32,850 6.1904 26.6596 5.735 21.r15
Most synthesizers use two oscillators which are fed to 1q 32.8S0 6.1804 26.6696 5.725 2 1. L 2 5
15 32.850 6.170C 26.67S6 s.715 21.135
a mixer stage. The output of the mixer is then filtered t6 32.850 6.150q 26.6996 5.695 27.155

to produce the sum or difference frequency. T7

18
32.900
32.900
6.190q
6.180C
26.7096
26.7196
5.735 2 1. 1 6 5
5.725 27,.775
19 32.900 6.170q 26.7296 5.715 2 7. 1 8 5
20 32.900 6.150q 26.?496 5.695 27.205
In other types of synthesizers, a third oscillator is also 1 2, 9 5 0 6 . 1 90 4 26.7596 5.735 21.275
used. With this setup, the output of the first set of 12.950
1 2 . 950
6,1804
6.150q
26.7696
26.7996
5.72s
5 . 6 95
21.225
2 7. 2 5 5
oscillators produces an intermediate frequency which
is then mixed with the third oscillator to produce the
final desired frequency. Fig. 22-Qscillator frequencies of 14 crystal syn-
thesizer.

25