Majapahit the 14th century poet sage of Majapahit, Mpu Tantular, who is said to have committed the phrase

to writing for the first time. In his religious poem Sutasoma, composed during the reign of King Rajasanagara (Hayam Wuruk), Mpu Tantular expounded a doctrine of reconciliation between the Hindu and Buddhist faiths. Such a spirit of religious tolerance was an essential element in the foundation and security of the newly emerging State of Majapahit, which reached the height of its power and influence under the guiding hand of the prime minister Gajah Mada. Raden Wijaya Sri Kertarajasa Jayawardhana married the four daughters of Kertanagara. From his eldest and principal queen, Dyah Dewi Tribhuwaneshwari, was born a son, Jayanagara, who succeeded to the throne on his father's death in 1309. During the reigns of both Kertarajasa and Jayanagara the focus was on the establishment of stability within the new state. Numerous uprisings occurred, all of which were put down successfully, though not without cost of lives. Then, in 1328, Jayanagara was assassinated. It is said that he was overprotective towards his two half sisters, born from Kertarajasa's youngest queen, Dyah Dewi Gayatri. Complaints lodged by the two young princesses led to the intervention of Gajah Mada, the talented minister who was later to take Majapahit to the height of its glory. He arranged for a surgeon to murder the king while pretending to perform an operation With the death of Jayanagara the throne of Majapahit was without a direct male heir. The position was occupied instead by the eldest of the deceased king's two sisters, Tribhuwana Wijayatungga Dewi, who ruled until 1350. By that time her son, Hayam Wuruk, who had been born in 1334, became old enough to take over. During his reign, as well as that of his mother, effective power was in the hands of Gajah Mada, who had been appointed prime minister and commander-in chief. In February 1292 the Mongol emperor of China, Kublai Khan, ordered the preparation of a punitive naval expedition directed against Java. It was partly an act of retaliation for King Kertanagara's refusal to pay tribute to China, and especially for the cruel and contemptuous way in which the Javanese ruler had disfigured the face of an imperial envoy. The fleet, which is reported to have consisted of 1000 ships, manned with 20,000 soldiers, was ready to leave by November. The journey was hazardous and beset with ill- fortune. Almost immediately after departure the convoy was hit by a typhoon; it was refused entry into Champa, where the loading of fresh supplies had been anticipated, and consequently by the time it approached the harbour at Tuban on Java's north coast the force was already demoralized, many of the soldiers suffering from starvation and dysentery.The Chinese army was greeted by representatives from the new settlement at Majapahit, who explained that Kertanagara had been defeated and killed a few months previously and that his throne had been seized by a usurper, Jayakatwang of Kediri. The rightful heir, Raden Wijaya, son-in-law of Kertanagara, had established a stronghold at Majapahit and was asking for assistance in the annihilation of their common enemy, in return for official tribute. Raden Wijaya then returned to Majapahit, ostensibly to prepare his tribute settlement, leaving his allies to celebrate their victory. Quickly mobilizing his forces again, however, he turned on the Chinese army in a surprise attack, killing many and sending the rest running back to their ships. In this way Raden Wijaya established the kingdom of Majapahit. Seven months later, in November 1293, he was officially enthroned, bearing the royal title Kertarajasa Jayawardhana.

Culture (Economic) The kingdom of Majapahit was a land and sea power. It had both great agriculture and trade. Basically the Majapahit economy was based on agriculture and maritime trade, it had great organization in trade. Majapahit was divided into two territories, Jangalla down stream and Kadiri up stream. The Jangalla down stream was associated with Rural Communities and the Kadiri Up stream is associated with Aristocratic Domain. (religion) the Majapahit kingdom was a Javanese Hindu kingdom. Hinduism was brought to East Java by trade from South India in the 4th century. Islam came to Java during the 15th to 16th centuries from Gujarat in Northwest India. Majapahit was a Hindu Kingdom until the late 15th century and when their last leader Bhre Tumapel ruled they converted to Islam. It was first recognized in Gresik and Demak. Trade was the main involvement in the coming of Islam to Majapahit. (politic) Adityawarman do politics expansion / control every aspect of the attack and succeeded. Adityawarman his services was made King of Malays in 1347 to embed the influence of Majapahit in Sumatra. In order to control the government, the Pajajaran, Gajah Mada do political marriage Bubat event occurs which results in 1357. To keep the peace and preserve the unity of the Majapahit strengthen its authority district naval fleet under the command of Nala master. And also trying to make friends with countries termed tentangga Mitrekasatata meaning friend or companion minded or peaceful coexistence. Gajah Mada died 1364 years. Until the Majapahit had trouble finding his successor. Only three years later succeeded by Elephant Enggon. In the reign of Wikramawardhana (years 1389 to 1429) Majapahit's political life colored by war or civil war between Paregreg Wikramawardhana with Bhre Wirabumi.

Culture result It was said that the symbol of Rakrian Tanca, the assassinator of Jayanegara, was maja fruit entangled by a snake, perhaps because Ra Tanca was not only a physician but a poison expert as well. There was a relief that was often found in the ruins of Majapahit. That relief is the carving often called Surya Majapahit (Sun of Majapahit), where the relief shows a character, who was thought to be the Sun God (Dewa Surya) on a horse. Another version of Surya Majapahit relief shows the God Shiva with eight characters around him (on the direction of the eight winds). This motif was apparently popular in Majapahit. In Bali, this motif is called Nawasanga. In the history novel Gajah Mada, it was said that the palace of Majapahit during Jayanegaras reign was called Tatag Rambat Bale Manguntur. The capital of Majapahit was in Trowulan, Mojokerto, East Java. Majapahit palace perhaps looks like a candi (temple). Below is the poster of a candi that can be used as a reference. Gapura (gates) of Candi Wringinlawang, as seen in the poster, was a gapura ofbentar type, that is, gapura without roofs. This gapura was the outer gates of the temple complex and other buildings. Gapura bentar originated in the Majapahit period. As such, this gapura can be used to indicate the palace complex of Majapahit. The following is the entrance to the old complex of National Museum in Jakarta as well as miniature of candi. These can perhaps be used as inspirations as well for the palace. There were not much ruins or research on the houses of the people in the Majapahit era. However, there were several remains of houses that can be used as a reference. The following is the reconstruction of houses as presented in the National Museum, Jakarta, Indonesia. Majapahit women often arrange their hair by creating a bun on the side with several strands of hair hanging on the forehead. This can be seen from the following pictures. There are two sources for Majapahit clothing that is presented here; they are the arca (statues) and figurines. The clothing of Majapahit that can be seen from the figurines of royal females, shown in the following picture, shows that the noble women at that time wore clothing that is not much different from that worn by Javanese princess now. They use kemben (a strap of fabric worn around the chest and waist) and fabric to cover the legs. Ring is used by the royal families or nobles, be it by men or women. The ring is usually worn around the thumb or little finger. However, from looking at several statues, the ring is often used not around the little finger but the forefinger. The heads (or bandul) used for the necklace vary. The following are the drawings of the necklaces as seen in the National Museum, Jakarta.