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Oxford Dictionary says, ‘Valuation’ means an estimation of something’s worth or the monetary worth
estimated.
Wikipedia says, in finance, Valuation is the process of estimating the market value of a financial asset or
liability.
The firm has Real and Financial Assets and Equity and Borrowed Funds. As a Manager we have to take the
following decisions
Investment Decisions
Dividend Decisions
Liquidity Decisions
Concept of Valuation
Value of business is the discounted value of the free cash inflows generated in future, at a rate that reflects the
degree of risk associated with the business.
et Asset Valuation [Adjusted] Method
Net Asset Value (NAV) of the unit as on the valuation date on the basis of book values. On a going concern
basis normally the book value of the assets is added with the Future capitalisation of the Assets.
Applicable to listed companies and use average traded prices of listed shares over a particular period.
The price at which buyer and seller is not under any compulsion to buy or sell. In this study it is considered as
the weighted average value of the given above three principles (if applicable).
The methodology followed emphasizes on the future projection of sales revenue earning by the company
correlating future sales revenue growth rate to its growth rate of operation. As with the increase in sales revenue
how the expenditure (capital and revenue) will be incurred and the future planning of sources and application of
funds can be done considering the historical financial and accounting ratios adjusted with recent market trend.
These ratios reflect the variability of different components of balance sheet and profit and loss account with
respect to sales revenue. After projection of the final accounts, appropriate and suitable principles of valuation
of equity shares has been undertaken in this study report. The discussions in this report is based on the fair
valuation of the companies mentioned and about the investment environment of their respective subsectors.
RESULTS AD FIDIGS OF THE STUDY
The study reflects, the forthcoming years will see a strong EPS in case of TPC Ltd and MSEDCL, they
also has good future prospective in earnings, whereas, PGCIL has not that much promising EPS.
Historical and projected Returns on Capital and Net worth employed indicates that NTPC Ltd will give more
returns than MSEDCL and PGCIL. Though all the three companies are public limited companies still the
regulations has made the generation sector more investor friendly and liberalised than distribution and
transmission sector. Distribution reforms have helped the distribution utilities to enhance their operational and
commercial efficiency but still the sector is risky regarding the realization of revenue from the consumer.
Comparatively transmission is far less risky than distribution. PGCIL is the king of transmission sector but it’s a
long term business with high initial investments, low returns and returns are coming over long span of years.
Though EPS is less but still the accumulated earnings over the years are substantial and PGCIL has a strong
future prospect too.
The economic liberalization and privatization has created a big threat for all these three companies. The other
public and private limited companies are growing aggressively. Reliance Power Limited (RPL) after winning
the bidding of India’s first Ultra Mega Power Project (UMPP) at Sasan, Madhya Pradesh with a bid of Rs. 1.19
per kWh has came with an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in February, 2008. The IPO was the biggest ever IPO in
Indian Financial Market. The second UMPP at Mundra, Gujrat by Tata Power Company (TPC) has already
achieved financial closure. TPC won the bid at Rs. 2.26 per kWh and raised the biggest debt of Rs. 127.5 billion
in the country.
Thus NTPC, MSEDCL and PGCIL have to improve their performance to dominate the power market. All the
problems whether technological, commercial, financial, operational or managerial have to be identified and
solve quickly through strategic interventions. Its true that these are the biggest public companies in Indian power
market, reliability of investments made are also quite high and will give good returns to its investors but the
capability of other competing companies can also not be denied.
The success of Reliance IPO, Financial closure of Mundra, Investment ceiling waiver on TPC,
Franchisee concept in Distribution, Multi Year Tariff (MYT), Fuel linkage agreements and International
Competitive bidding in Transmission sector reflect substantial investments are coming for future projects
too. Expectedly the funds will be mobilized properly into the operations and will give satisfactory returns to the
investors.
Though it is true that earlier there has were lack of funding facilities but now with the prevailing debt-equity
ratio of 70:30, it requires large equity which may come through domestic sources or FDI rout. It has been
indicated by the financial institutions that for good and credible developers and for power projects offering
cheaper tariff, debt funding may not be a constraint at all. To keep the financial institutions updated FIs are
being involved at various stages including the selection of consultants and final evaluation of the bids for
selection of developer.
India is the second fastest growing economy after China, the growth rate projects substantial returns on
investment is expected and investor sentiments are reflecting it too in the stock market. Despite the recent
slowdown in the world economy Indian Power Companies are still a promising destination to park the funds for
better investment.
The study reflects power generating companies are better choice to invest for good returns as the sector is more
liberal to invest. Power Distribution sector is also a good avenue to park funds but underlying risks are more
regarding the realization of revenue. Operational and financial performance improvement can make this sector a
lucrative one. The power transmission sector is substantially under control of public sector and private
investments are comparatively less. Transmission sector has been less lucrative to invest because of less returns.
But the growth rate of transmission works required holds a good promise for the for future investors to make
this sector more viable for investment as financial risk associated is much less than distribution.
India is a power starved country and investments are required heavily to make the country power surplus. The
proper valuation of power companies will help in better investment realization by the power projects. Hopefully
the power business will grow and will generate good returns for the investors.
COCLUSIO
1. Though valuation models are quantitative, the valuation is still subjective and not entirely objective.
2. Even when a valuation is done with lot of research, the valuation is not static but it is dynamic and
changes according to the changes in the market, industry and the company itself.
3. Though the valuation is indicated with the nearest rupee, still it is not an accurate estimate of the
value of the company.
4. Merely because the valuation model is more and more quantitative, it does not necessarily mean
better valuation of the shares.
5. The valuation of a share may differ with the market perception of the shares but it does not
necessarily mean that the markets are right or wrong.
6. The valuation process is as important as the outcome of the valuation.
There is no single definition of the term Value that is suitable for all purposes or at all times. The value of
a particular asset will vary from time to time and there may be differing values at the same time
according to the purpose for which it is necessary to establish a value.
Valuations are required for different circumstances and the purpose, for which the valuation is intended,
often has an impact on the value derived and the methodologies adopted.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Damodaran on Valuation, Aswant Damodaran, Jhon Wiley and Sons
Financial Management, I.M. Pandey, Vikas Publishing House
Financial Management and Policy, James C. Van Horne, Pearson Education
en.wikipedia.org
www.ntpc.nic,in
www.powergridindia.com
www.mahadiscom.in
www.cea.nic.in
www.powermin.nic.in
www.indiaearnings.com
www.yahoofinance.com
www.icicidirect.com
SPECIAL THAKS TO
Centre for Advance Management and Power Studies (CAMPS), National Power Training Institute
(NPTI), Faridabad-121003, Haryana.
Capital Fortunes Private Limited, Hyderabad-500034, Andhra Pradesh.