Chapter III RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE This chapter presents a brief description of the research method used

, the description of Respondents, data gathering instrument, the data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment of data generated in the study.

Research Method Used The researchers used the descriptive method of research in determining the Perception of RTU students on Charter Change (Cha-Cha). In descriptive design, the study focuses at the present condition (what is). The purpose is to find a truth. The truth may be having different form such as increased quantity of knowledge, a new generation or a new law, an increased insight into factors which are operating, the discovery of a new casual relationship, more accurate formulation of the problem solved, and many others.(Calmorin and Calmorin, 2003 p.45) Descriptive research may be defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about prevailing conditions practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause-effect relationship and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without the aid of statistical method. (Calderon and Gonzales 1993, p.62)

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Description of the Respondents The respondents of the study were the students of Rizal Technological University-Pasig Campus. It comprises of students from 2nd year and 3 rd year of the Three Colleges: College of Arts and Sciences, College of Engineering and Industrial Technology, and College of Business and Entrepreneurial Technology.

The discussion is organized following the profile of the respondents: 1. Gender Table 1 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Gender

Gender Male Female Total

Frequency 134 166 300

Percentage 44.66% 55.33% 100

The table I shows the distribution of the respondents according to Gender of the respondents. A total number of 166 respondents are female with an

approximate percentage of 55.33% of the total number of respondents, while a total number of 134 are male respondents with an approximate percentage of 44.66%. Majority of the respondents are female on which it outnumbered the male. 2. Age

87 Table 2 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Age

Age 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-above Total

Frequency 75 135 54 36 300

Percentage 25% 45% 18% 12% 100%

The table 2 shows that a total number of 75 respondents are students under 16-17 years old with an approximate percentage of 25%, A total number of 135 respondents are from 18-19 years old with an approximate percentage of 45%, A total number of 54 respondents are from 20-21 years old with an approximate percentage of 18% and Lastly, a total number of 36 respondents are aged 22-above with an approximate percentage of 12%. Majority of the respondents are students from the Age Bracket of 18-19 years old.

3. Year Level Table 3 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Year Level Year Level Second year Third year Frequency 180 120 Percentage 60% 40%

88 Total 300 100%

Table 3 shows that a total number of 180 are second year students with an approximate percentage of 60%. While a total number of 120 respondents are third year students with an approximate percentage of 40%. Majority of the respondents are from the Second Year level.

4. Monthly Income Table 4 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to Monthly Income Monthly Income Php 5,000- below Php 6,000-10,000 Php 11,000- 15,000 Php 16,000- above Total Frequency 65 121 73 41 300 Percentage 21.67% 40.33% 24.33% 13.67% 100%

Table 4 shows that a total of 65 respondents earned a monthly family income of Php 5,000- below with an approximate percentage of 21.67%, A total 121 responses from the total number of 300 respondents earned a monthly income of Php 6,000- 10,000 with an approximate percentage of 40.33% among the other Monthly Family income. A total of 73 respondents earned a monthly income of Php 11,000- 15,000, with an approximate percentage of 24.33% of the total number. A total of 41 respondents or 13.67% of the total number of respondents earned a monthly income of Php 16,000- above. Majority of the respondents earned a monthly family income of Php. 6,00010,000.

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5. College Table 5 Frequency Distribution of Respondents According to College College College of Arts and Sciences College of Engineering and Industrial Technology College of Business and Entrepreneurial Technology Total 300 100% 100 33.33% Frequency 100 100 Percentage 33.33% 33.33%

Table 5 shows that a total of 100 students from the total number of respondents in this study are from College of Arts and Sciences, with an approximate 33.33%. A Total of 100 respondents are from College of

Engineering and Industrial Technology that comprises an approximate 33.33% of the total number of respondents. And a total of 100 students are from College of Business and Entrepreneurial Technology with an approximate percentage of 33.33%.

Population of the study The population of a study is gathered from the three Colleges of RTU Pasig Campus on which the researcher get the 100 respondents in each College

90 Department regardless of their total population. A total of 139 respondents from 2nd year to 3rd year level from College of Arts and Sciences; A total of 598 respondents from 2nd year to 3rd year level from College of Business And Entrepreneurial Technology; and A total of 483 respondents from 1st year to 2nd year level from College of Engineering and Industrial Technology from the College.

Sampling Scheme A total of 300 respondents were selected in the study. A Non-Probability Quota Sampling was done for the study. Quota sampling is a type of purposive sampling ensures that certain groups are adequately represented in the study through the assignment of a quota. Generally the quota fixed for each subgroup is based on the total numbers of each group in the population. Quota sampling is a sampling method of gathering representative data from a group. As opposed to random sampling, quota sampling requires that representative individuals are chosen out of a specific sub-group. Calmorin Et. Al (2007) This type of sampling design is popular in the field of Opinion research because it is done by merely looking for individuals with the requisite characteristics.

Data Gathering Instrument Questionnaire Checklist was utilized as an instrument in collecting the information needed. It consisted of specific questions designed to gather

91 responses among RTU students on the questions presented in the statement of the problem.

Instrumentation In gathering data necessary for this study, the researchers used a questionnaire-checklist. It is prepared and distributed to secure responses on the sub-problem of the study. The questionnaire-checklists were provided to the selected respondents. Part I of the instrumentation identifies the personal profile of the respondents; Part II of the instrumentation identifies the perception of the students on Charter Change, Their perception regarding the motives of the government in the pursuit of Charter Change, Their Perception regarding its implication to the people, government, System of governance and economy, their Perception on the mode of Charter change that is best applicable in the Philippines, the students perception on the personal and professional qualifications/ attributes of the formulators and executors of Charter Change and their proposed

features/measures for an effective new Constitution.

Construction of questionnaire. The researchers went to the library, surfed the Net to gather some materials relevant to the study. They were able to come up with relevant topics and subtopics which they organized into its final form. They prepared the draft which was shown to the research adviser for some corrections and suggestions.

92 After all the comments and suggestions were considered, the first draft of the questionnaire was prepared.

Validation of instrument. The draft of the questionnaire was submitted to a number of evaluators to establish the content validity. All of the suggestions or comments were taken and incorporated in the final draft. After it had been validated it was brought to the thesis adviser to acknowledge the comments and suggestions.

Administration of the questionnaire. The researchers have prepared a letter of request to the head of the Electronic Data Processing Department for permission to have the data on the total population of selected year-level. The researchers asked the permission from the head of the College for permission to conduct the study and assistance to administer the questionnaire to the students. The researchers then retrieved the questionnaires right after the respondents answered it for about an hour just for the accomplishment of the checklist. Some problems existed in the distribution of the questionnaires, because some school event was held prior to the date of distribution.

Statistical Treatment of Data The following statistical tools were used on the data gathered:

93 Percentage. This was used in the study to determine the distribution of the respondents.

The Formula Used was P = f/n x 100 Where: P = percentage f = frequency n = number of respondents 100 = constant

Ranking. This was used to determine which item on the questionnaire would be analyzed and interpreted first.