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Tutorial 1
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html
Image source: National Cancer Institute, USA. Photo: Bruce Wetzel and Harry Schaefer This is a scanning electron microscope image of human blood. The red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds oxygen. Red blood cells transport oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the body tissues. The white blood cells fight infection. One type of infection-fighting white blood cells fight disease by producing antibodies and thus destroying foreign materia. The platelets help the blood to clot, if you get a wound for example. The plasma contains salts and various kinds of proteins.
Antibodies (in the blood plasma): B antibodies. Rh antibodies. (If there are A antigens but no B nor Rh antigens, the antibodies in the blood plasma are B and Rh antibodies.)
The blood type notation A Rh- indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html
The blood type notation A Rh+ indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
Blood type B RhAntigens (on the surface of the red blood cells): B indicates there are B antigens. (Rh- indicates there are no Rh antigens.) Antibodies (in the blood plasma): A antibodies. Rh antibodies. (If there are B antigens but no A nor Rh antigens, the antibodies in the blood plasma are A and Rh antibodies.)
The blood type notation B Rh- indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html
The blood type notation B Rh+ indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
Blood type AB RhAntigens (on the surface of the red blood cells): AB indicates there are both A and B antigens. (Rh- indicates there are no Rh antigens.) Antibodies (in the blood plasma): Rh antibodies. (If there are A and B antigens but no Rh antigens, the antibodies in the blood plasma are Rh antibodies.)
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html
The blood type notation AB Rh- indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
The blood type notation AB Rh+ indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html
Blood type O RhType O blood gets its name because it has neither A nor B antigens! In other languages O is often pronounced as "null". Antigens (on the surface of the red blood cells): No antigens! (O indicates there are neither A nor B antigens.) (Rh- indicates there are no Rh antigens.) Antibodies (in the blood plasma): A antibodies. B antibodies. Rh antibodies. (If there are no antigens at all on the surface of the red blood cells, all three possible antibodies are present in the blood plasma: A, B and Rh antibodies.)
The blood type notation O Rh- indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html
(If there are Rh antigens but no A nor B antigens, the antibodies present in the blood plasma are A and B antibodies.)
The blood type notation O Rh+ indicates which antigens and antibodies are present in the blood.
Disclaimer: The fact that people with Rh- blood do not naturally have Rh antibodies in the blood plasma (as one can have A or B antibodies, for instance) is not taken into consideration in this game. In reality a person with Rh- blood can develop Rh antibodies in the blood plasma if he or she receives blood from a person with Rh+ blood. The received blood cells with Rh antigens can trigger the production of Rh antibodies in an individual with Rh- blood. In the game one has to pretend that all patients with Rh- blood type has received Rh+ blood in previous blood transfusions. Also, the antibodies are here referred to as A antibodies, B antibodies and Rh antibodies. These are also commonly referred to as anti A antibodies, anti B antibodies, and anti Rh antibodies.
http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/1.html