David Weltman 10/4/13 Outline of articles for modules

Article 1: Dilemmas and opportunities for an appropriate health-service response to violence against women -VAW is a serious problem linked to issues of health -Clinicians attempting to deal with the problem have only begun recently -Asking questions is key but is hard -Most want the questions, but some fear for their life -Need to guarantee confidentiality, safe space -Patients often dont follow advice -Training has been pathetic -Training needs to be location-specific -Adverts are useful to show programs -Funds needed on the issue (research, etc.) -NGO partnerships useful -societal education (Ugrad, etc.)

Article 2: Intimate partner violence: causes and prevention -VAW is a huge problem, but its cause has been uncertain -Its sources differ between different societies -Violence has been shown to be especially linked to sexual relationships -Poverty is a serious concern in VAW, including a womans lack of

finances; data ltd. -Poverty could perhaps be a source for male vulnerabilitycan lead to violence -Female empowerment and education reduces VAW -Social spheres for women outside the home help as well -Verbal disagreements and tension in the home are correlated to VAW -Alcohol is a time out that can correlate toVAW -Cycle of violence is a serious issue in many areas (South Africa) -Big picture: Violence as a way to solve problems and unequal position of women are the biggest problems -Health sector needs to realize the gravity of the problem

Article 3: WHO study -Survey of 10 countries on VAW -Partner violence and general poor health linked -Higher distress, thoughts of suicide -20-75% of women abused during lifetime -Survey (SRQ-20)made with only women asking questions -Patients 15-49 yo -97% of women completed survey -Mean score is far greater for those who suffered violence -Highest in Peru, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, more in provinces than city -Report bias given

-In most places, 1/3 of violence occurred >12 mo ago -May suggest correlates to old violence and continuous trauma -The survey (biases aside) can sincerely show a stark comparison between VAW and other health issues beyond physical damage

Article 4: Violence against women: global scope and magnitude -Higher recognition of VAW in recent years through many streams -VAW can be caused by multiple sources and through various means -Sex and power imbalance present -Abuse is often over time, often by people that know them (even well) ->50 surveys completed on the subject in past 16 years show major issues across the globe -Most forced sex (although surveys are limited) stem from people who the victim knows (coercion, bribery, etc.) -Many suffer violence due to forced prostitution, trafficking, food shortages, etc., often by tricky or deceitful means -Violence against prostitutes is also showing high statistics (marginalized status) -War has seen large amounts of rape and violence as a casualty of war -Female infanticide (missing children) causes millions of girls to disappear, and it is really underreported and rarely undertaken, despite clear statistics to that end

-Other issues are dowry deaths, elder female abuse, acid throwing, and FGM -Lots of questions have yet to be answered, with the main one being: What do we do