Graphmatica for Windows, version 2.2 ==================================== by Keith Hertzer - Copyright (c) 2012 kSoft, Inc. http://www.graphmatica.

com/ Fri 28 Sep 2012 Files in this archive: ---------------------README.TXT 26,572 REGISTER.TXT 2,069 REGISTER.RTF 3,366 Graphmatica.exe 600,576 Graphmatica.chm 163,553 CornuSpiral.GR 1,226 DATAPLOT.GR 1,035 DIFEQ.GR 512 domains.gr 686 FUNCTIONS.GR 622 GRAPHMAT.GR 1,188 IMPLICIT.GR 302 INEQUAL.GR 298 LOGLOG.GR 270 ODE2.GR 500 POLAR.GR 383 SpecialChars.gr 566 TRIG.GR 432 XYDEMO.GR 439

9/28/12 9/28/12 9/28/12 9/28/12 9/28/12 4/25/12 2/06/03 6/29/97 9/27/12 6/29/12 8/07/95 1/29/03 12/29/96 8/07/95 11/02/03 8/07/95 9/27/12 8/07/95 8/07/95

-- this file -- registration form (ASCII text) -- registration form (WordPad/Word) -- program file -- help file/complete documentation \ | | | | | |_ demonstration equation | list files | | | | | /

Graphmatica can also make use of the file GRAPHMAT.INI to store setup information, but I have not included one since if it is not found Graphmatica simply uses its own default settings. See the help file for information on the setup file. System Requirements: -------------------Graphmatica for Windows requires one of the following operating systems: Windows 7 Windows Vista Windows XP Windows 2000 Windows NT 4 In addition, I've received reports that Graphmatica can be run on Debian Linux with Wine (the Windows emulator) installed. Graphmatica supports high-resolution (e.g. 1024x768) video modes, but at this time it uses at most 16 colors; it does not take advantage of 256-color video modes. A few features work best if you use a mouse or other pointing-device, but it is not required. Installing Graphmatica for Windows: ----------------------------------Run Graphmatica22.msi. This will install the program, create icons, and set up your registry so that Graphmatica starts up when you double-click on a .GR file in Explorer. (Requires Windows Installer 2.0.) Un-Installing Graphmatica for Windows: --------------------------------------

Select Graphmatica under the Programs and Features control panel ("Add or Remove Programs" in Windows XP or earlier) and choose Uninstall. There may be a few trace files left in the installation direcory; you can just delete them. Graphmatica does not install files in any location other than your chosen install directory. Documentation: -------------Currently, I have not formatted the documentation in a printable form. But Windows HTML Help will allow you to print the entire Help file in one shot if you so desire. Please take the time to browse through the help file before you start using Graphmatica, or you may never notice some of its more subtle advanced features. Be sure to read the first three sections, which give a general introduction, a map of the display, and basic instructions on how to enter equations to graph. Registering: -----------Graphmatica is Shareware. That means that you are free to share (unmodified) copies of it with your friends, colleagues, students, etc. However, the default license only allows a 30-day trial. To continue using Graphmatica past this time, you should register your copy. For a fee of $25, registered users can use the program indefinitely guilt-free, and will be notified of future upgrades (which may be downloaded for free or requested on CD for a nominal charge) in perpetuity. Site licenses and special student bulk licensing plans are available. Site license fees are $60 plus $2.50 for each copy in concurrent use. I can accept purchase orders for transactions over $100, but otherwise please try to write me a check. Please contact me if you are interested for more information. To register, print out and send in the form found in REGISTER.TXT (or REGISTER.RTF, in Rich Text [WordPad] Format). Or you can register online by credit card at http://www.graphmatica.com/order.html. See the last topic in the help file for information about Shareware. Shareware vendors may distribute the program freely provided they contact me first and charge less than $5 for disks/shipping/etc. and not for the program itself. How to get the latest version: -----------------------------The latest version of Graphmatica for Windows is available on a number of web sites on the Internet. For the very latest release, see the kSoft homepage: http://www.graphmatica.com/ How to contact me: -----------------You will receive the fastest reply to your inquiries by sending e-mail to ksoft@graphmatica.com. I can typically respond to quick questions within a day or two. I do NOT provide telephone support. Please don't try to get my number through directory assistance, as you will probably just bother my parents.

Worst comes to worst, you can write me a letter and mail it to the address below. I promise I will respond to it, although I can't guarantee how long it will take. kSoft, Inc. 345 Montecillo Dr. Walnut Creek, CA 94595-2654 [Please make checks payable to Keith Hertzer.] What's new in version 2.2: ========================== 1. The Windows version is now compiled with Unicode support. This means you can use both Greek and Roman characters, as well as an extended set of superscript exponents, subscripts, and mathematical operations as you like in annotations, graph titles, and equations--provided you have selected compatible fonts. You can also share such files with Graphmatica for Mac OS X (which has always used Unicode). 2. Added special characters tool dialog to make it easier to enter Greek letters, super- and subscript numerals, and authentic math operators like times sign and division without using Character Map or memorizing keycodes. 3. Added support for Greek letters and subscripts in function and constant names. (So you can now define constants as the single letters alpha, beta, etc. and use the Greek letter pi instead of Roman "p" or "pi".) 4. The sum and gamma/gammaln functions can now also be specified using the Greek capital letters sigma and gamma, respectively. 5. The Functions and Constants dialog now properly prohibits you from defining inaccessible duplicate functions (or redefining built-in functions or constants) whose names differ only by the case of Latin letters used. Also, semantic errors in functions (missing operand, parentheses mismatch, etc.) are now reported when you first enter the function definition, rather than when an equation referencing the function is evaluated. 6. Fixed bugs introduced in 2.1 preventing ODE systems from graphing and impeding use of the sum() function without explicitly defining the domain of the index variable n. 7. The alternate-notation ODE system variables x1...x4 and dx1...dx4 can now be specified using Unicode subscripts instead of plain numerals. 8. Open-ended domains for Cartesian equations can now be specified explicitly using the Unicode "infinity" symbol instead of just leaving that part of the domain specification blank. 9. Fixed potential crash on deleting piecewise-defined equations. 10. Fixed crash on graphing y=1/|x|. What's new in version 2.1a: =========================== 1. Fixed bug preventing the last open/save directory from being recorded properly if the new directory name was shorter than the old one. 2. Documents that contain annotations are no longer inadvertently marked dirty on load. What's new in version 2.1: ========================== 1. Added sign() and truncate() functions. 2. Toolbar buttons no longer flash off and on for graphs that finish drawing faster than human reaction time would allow them to be canceled anyway. 3. Added support for Alt+scroll wheel to zoom in/out focused on the point under the crosshairs. 4. You can now drag the grid surface around using the middle mouse button. 5. Added Lagrange polynomial interpolation to Curve Fit options. 6. Copy Tables now works for Data Plots as well as Point Tables.

7. Domains can now be specified using interval notation to indicate whether the curve includes or excludes the ends of the domain. Equations using this domain syntax are drawn with an open or closed circle at the ends of the curve as a visual indication. For instance: y = cos x {x: (0, 2p] } graphs from zero (exclusive) to 2 pi (inclusive). 8. Cartesian and polar equations can now be specified as piecewise singlevalued functions using multiple clauses with non-overlapping domains. For example, try: y = -x { (, 0)} ; y = x^2 {[0, )} y = -1 {(,0)} ; y = 0 {[0,0]} ; y = 1 { (0,)} r = t { [0,1]} ; r = t^2 {(1,)} 9. Added ability to define named constants (zero-argument functions) in the Functions dialog box, and reference them in equations without any trailing parentheses. For instance, if you define "halfpi=pi/2" then the equation "y=cos(x-halfpi)" will graph a sine curve. 10. Selected special mathematical characters are now supported by the parser to enable more seamless copy/paste of equations found on web pages, etc. These include superscript 2 and 3 (for "squared" and "cubed") and alternative notation for multiplication and division. 11. Added option to include point tables in printed output. 12. Improved reliability of graphing implicit functions on large-scale grids (> 100 units across). 13. Improved point table output for ODEs (and implicit functions graphed as ODEs). What's new in version 2.0i: =========================== 1. Fixed a bug which caused certain inequalities involving absolute values to shade an incorrect region. 2. Added support for evaluating sequences and converging infinite series. Specify the series as the parameter of the sum() function and optionally provide a domain for the index variable n. For example: y=sum(1/2^n) = 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + ... = 1 y=sum(1/2^n) {n:0,2} = 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 = 1.75 y=sum(1/2^n) {n:2, } = 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + ... = 0.5 y=sum(1/2^n) {n:1,,2} = 1/2 + 1/8 + 1/32 + ... = 0.6666... y=sum(1/2^n) {n:0,,2} = 1 + 1/4 + 1/16 + ... = 1.333... 3. Added support for calling user-defined functions without parentheses around the function parameter. 4. Added support for using ";" instead of "," as the separator for parts of a domain specification, to make it easier to enter decimal domains in locales that use "," as the decimal separator. 5. Added Pick Graph Color popup menu to the context menu displayed when you right-click on a curve. 6. Otherwise-continuous graphs with undefined "holes" due to division by zero are now drawn with an open circle around the missing point(s). 7. Added support for entering simple Cartesian functions in the form "f(x)=x^2" instead of "y=x^2". 8. Fixed bug 68: Graph of x=abs(y^2) incomplete. 9. AutoRange now works for Cartesian inequalities as well as equations. 10. Point tables now show x-coordinates as multiples of pi when trig graph paper is selected (using the Greek letter pi). 11. Point tables refresh automatically when changing between trig and normal graph paper or when changing the tables increment or decimal places. 12. Point tables row height scales up appropriately for larger font sizes. 13. Duplicate initial values are now culled to produce sharper graphs more quickly for some complicated implicit functions. 14. Coordinate cursor now indicates when the cursor is over a critical point. 15. Character set conversion is now handled properly when transferring

files between Mac OS X/iOS and Windows versions. What's new in version 2.0h: =========================== 1. Improved visibility of single-point equations. Fixed "bad pointlist fetch" error that could occur when moving the mouse over them, too. 2. Disabled scrolling of point tables windows when drawing graphs; this speeds things up tremendously when using a very small custom increment. 3. Fixed bug which caused point evaluate results to show below many blank rows in the point tables if used immediately after clearing the tables. 4. Ensured that equations involving sqrt(f(y)) are evaluated over the correct domain. 5. Added support for fixed-increment (Cartesian and polar) graphs with the step rate specified in the domain. e.g. r = 2 {0, 2p, p/3} draws a hexagon 6. Fixed various bugs discovered during Mac OS X port: - Color-coded equation list printed wrong color for strict inequalities - Integal dialog closed instead of Tangent line dialog when equation for tangent line was deleted or hidden - Possible memory corruption after drawing equation with no points on screen - Possible random line drawing when grid range is changed so that tangent line is no longer visible - potential assertion failure due to "locked-on" equation not being cleared when equation deleted or new document loaded 7. Coefficients in curve-fit equations and large numbers in reloaded data plots are now computed/displayed with the number of significant figures specified in the Point Tables "Decimal places in calculated output" setting. This prevents equations potentially much worse than what the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm actually found (due to rounding to 2 sig figs) from being shown as the result for certain exponential/logistic form fits. What's new in version 2.0g: =========================== 1. Increased the maximum number of decimal places for point tables and other numerical calculations from 8 to 14. 2. Curve-fit equations now show the correlation coefficient "r" in addition to chi^2 value to help judge the quality of the fit. 3. Fixed crash on startup on some versions of Wine on Linux. 4. Derivative equations including the constant "pi" show "pi" instead of "p". 5. Improved formatting of derivatives of complicated equations by combining common terms and removing redundant terms in more cases. 6. Added the ability to customize the font used for printing equation lists. Also, fixed an issue where the default font on some printers was too small to be readable. 7. Fixed Point Evaluate processing of implicit functions with multiple solutions for a given x value; now, up to 5 y values are displayed. 8. Improved the accuracy of tangent line calculations for implicit functions. What's new in version 2.0f: =========================== 1. Fixed infinite loop parsing comma operator in domains and 2-variable functions when decimal separator is also set to ",". 2. Fixed crash graphing equations with free variables that have no on-screen solutions. 3. Added independently-settable font for bottom labels. 4. Graphs are now recalculated automatically upon changing the Theta Range. 5. The fraction characters , , and are now accepted in place of normal decimals (before they could cause an infinite loop in the equation parser). 6. The custom increment for point table spacing now works for polar graphs as well as cartesian and parametric. 7. Switched from WinHelp to HTML help format, which is supported on Vista.

What's new in version 2.0e: =========================== 1. Added 2 more free variables, j and k, to make it easier to parameterize complicated equations. 2. Fixed crash graphing ODEs that had their highest differential raised to an even power, e.g. dy^2 = x. 3. Added Heaviside step function: step(x) = 0, for x < 0, 1/2 for x = 0, 1 for x > 0 4. Fixed bug which prevented the grid from being resized automatically when the equation editor or status bar font size was changed. Also fixed a slight miscalculation which caused the status bar to overlap the bottom of the graph window a bit under some circumstances. 5. Fixed bug in version 2.0d that sometimes caused equations for derivatives to become garbled. 6. Added floor() (synonym for int()) and ceiling() functions. Added support for |x| in place of abs(x). 7. Added mod operator (or %, your choice) to support modulo division. 8. Added support for 2-variable functions, including min and max. 9. Fixed another inequality shading problem, this time with curves that are steep near a discontinuity, like y >= sqrt(5x-1)-2. 10. Improved handling of point tables with small increments/large numbers of points. However, there is still a 1000-point limit. 11. Fixed bug in 2.0d which prevented changing the name of a data plot. 12. Tweaked curve-fitting algorithm to run for more iterations by default, so data sets with exact solutions don't end up with extra junk terms in them (e.g. y = 2x+2.1*10^-5). 13. Added support for solving single-variable equations (and inequalities) with 2 solutions, e.g. x^2-x=6 or x > 6/x 14. Added support for labels along the bottom of the grid (not just the top). 15. Fixed bug which caused annotations to print at unreadably small size. 16. Fixed bug in 2.0d which caused Copy Graphs (Color) to use default color scheme instead of alternate pre-defined color scheme. What's new in version 2.0d: =========================== 1. Fixed bug that prevented changes to the state of the labels from taking effect immediately when changed via the dialog box. 2. Fixed an infinte loop when graphing on base-10 log paper with the Point Tables on. 3. Added Unicode support to allow for more East Asian language translations. 4. Added a number of new checks to make sure you are reminded to save your work on closing a file after making changes other than adding/removing equations. 5. Fixed implicit function graphing to not display incorrect graphs when given an equation with no solution. 6. Fixed reload of strict inequalities so the redrawn curve has the same color and dashed pattern as when originally graphed. 7. Improved detection of discontinuous functions like x=(-3)^y 8. Fixed crash attempting to change fonts when no printer was installed. 9. On Windows XP, the program automatically uses the new XP look-and-feel; you no longer need to copy the Graphmatica.exe.manifest file manually. What's new in version 2.0c: =========================== 1. Mouse wheel support added to graph surface and grid control. On the graph surface, Shift+wheel scrolls left-right and Ctrl+wheel zooms in and out. 2. Fixed bug that prevented you from specifying values for free variables when they were used in an equation only through a user-defined function. 3. Fixed intermittent errors shading inequalities like "abs x - abs y > 3"

and "x^2-y^2 < 6". 4. Fixed an issue which caused parts of circles/ellipses to disappear when the horizontal axis through them was too close to the edge of the screen. 5. Added option to shade the inverse of the solution for inequalities. 6. Added Options button to Integrate Curve dialog box and fixed refresh of integral on screen when you change the integration options. What's new in version 2.0b: =========================== 1. Fixed crash using AutoRange when ODE flow fields are on screen. 2. Cleaned up documentation errata due to switch to tabbed dialog boxes (no View/Colors menu anymore, for instance) 3. Added "power function" y = ax^b to equation types available for curve fit. 4. Fixed crash on Paste Data Plot when the Data Plot Editor was not open. What's new in version 2.0a: =========================== 1. Fixed handling of y = (1/a)^x {a: 1, 3, 1}. This graph was incorrectly being tagged as a discontinuous function. 2. Corrected references to the defunct Labels menu item in the help file. 3. Added safeguard to prevent you from choosing colors that are the same as the background in the Colors dialog box. 4. Fixed the Set Initial Value menu item for systems of ODEs and secondorder and higher equations. 5. Size of dots on dotted grid is now dependent on gridlinewidth parameter. 6. Fixed crash loading data plot on startup. What's new in version 2.0: ========================== Major Features: --------------1. Limited support for graphing relations with multiple instances of both x and y variables. This is done by performing implicit differentiation with respect to both variables and plotting the resulting ODE. 2. New, improved Point Evaluate dialog box allows you to: - Select a different equation than the current one to evaluate - Solve Cartesian functions for x as well as y 3. New Find Intersection dialog box, which allows you to select two Cartesian functions of the same variable and display either all points of intersection on the screen or the intersection closest to a guess you provide. 4. Added support for user defined functions. Use the Functions dialog box (Tools/Functions menu item) to define as many single-variable helper functions as you want. You can define functions in terms of the variable x or t, and give them any name them that does not conflict with built-in variables or function names. 5. Data plotting added. Use View/Data Plot Editor to enter any number of x-y data sets. 6. Also added curve-fitting using polynomials (up to 9th order), sinusoidal, or exponential curves using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. 7. Added Draw Tangent Line dialog box which, like the Integrate Curve dialog box, allows you to type in values rather than selecting an equation and tangent point with the mouse. Also added a "sticky" tangent line mode, which allows you to keep drawing tangent lines as long as you keep clicking on curves. 8. Consolidated most options screens into 2 tabbed dialog boxes, and revamped menus to remove commands that were no longer needed, plus some rarely-used items that can be accessed through the Settings dialog box.

9. Converted to implicit-save model for default settings (but you now must explicitly set the default for grid range and graph paper). 10. Added context-sensitive popup menus when you right-click on the grid, graphs, graph labels, and point tables. Minor Features: --------------1. Added support for decimal separators other than "." based on your Windows control panel settings. If your settings indicate you prefer a different decimal separator (say ",") then all constant values input and output by the program will use this separator. 2. Added AutoRange feature to reset the range automatically when you enter a new graph to ensure that all Cartesian functions are displayed on-screen. 3. Added control over number of decimal places used in Point tables to options dialog and fixed a problem where numbers in scientific notation were getting formatted with fewer decimal places than requested. 4. Made the Edit/Copy Graphs EMF function recalculate the graphs at maximum possible screen resolution. This should improve the quality of graphs copied and printed from Word. 5. Added two options to improve accessibility for visually-impaired users: You can now specify the width of curves when "Draw graphs with wide lines" is checked in the general settings dialog. The default is 2 pixels, but you can increase it to make lines even bolder. In addition, you can set "gridlinewidth" in the graphmat.ini file to increase the width of grid lines and the axes. 6. Increased maximum width of axis labels from 7 to 25 characters. 7. The Point Tables window now uses a grid control based on "BabyGrid" by David Hillard rather than a standard listbox. This makes for much neater display of data (right-aligned numbers, resizable columns, etc). In addition, the Point Tables window can now be resized and has a system close menu. 8. Last directory used in File Open/Save dialog boxes is now remembered. 9. Improved Windows shell integration: .GR files are added to the Documents menu when opened, and the program opens files dragged from Explorer. 10. Coordinate cursor is now always on except when it would interfere with display of important info (selected range, tangent line/integral info) in the status bar. However, you must still enable the coordinate cursor tool to gain keyboard control over the crosshairs. 11. Added 2 integration methods: left-hand sums and right-hand sums. 12. The equation of tangent lines is now displayed in the Printout window along with the point and slope. 13. Added support for printing integral and tangent line information. 14. Added support for graphing highest-order derviative in custom ODE mode (e.g. {vars:t,dx} graphs t vs. dx/dt for a first-order ODE). 15. Added rand(n) function which generates a random number between 0 and n. 16. Added "color-code" checkbox to print dialog box. This will print equations in the same color as their corresponding graphs when checked. 17. Swapped out yellow for "dark yellow" in the white color scheme, since yellow was virtually invisible when printed. 18. Improved High-Resolution Printing: gridline and axis thickness is now scaled up based on printer resolution so they're more visible at 600dpi. 19. Added fine-tuning parameters for automatic legends and grid spacing, as well as manual control over grid spacing. Notable bug fixes: -----------------1. Fixed a bug which caused flow fields (ODEs without initial values) to graph incorrectly when the aspect ratio of the grid was not square.

2. Fixed a bug with the graph "y=int x" which prevented the graphing loop from terminating. 3. Fixed an annoying bug which sometimes caused the selection to be cleared or displayed inappropriately when you switched windows after selecting a portion of the grid to zoom in on. 4. When saving and loading a .gr file, equations are now restored with the same color they originally had. Also, they are restored in the same order as they appeared in the queue at save time, rather than backwards. 5. Fixed bug with specifying the domain as {y:...} for functions of y.