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Interview With Mola Njoh Litumbe
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28 Mar 2009, 5:04 PM

Interview With Mola Njoh Litumbe

The Sun: Thank you Mola Litumbe for granting this interview to The SUN newspaper.
Of late you have been carrying around what I would call the Southern Cameroons
gospel. What effect is the message having?

Mola Njoh: Well, like any evangelist and I can do no more than say I am a political
evangelist, I preach the sermon in the hope that people who listen to it would change
their ways and be converted. In the particular case of Southern Cameroons, I have been specific on the
fact that when La Republique du Cameroun got its independence on 1st January 1960, I insist that no part
of British Cameroons was included in the territorial boundaries of La Republique du Cameroun.

This is a known fact. Now La Republique du Cameroun became a member of the United Nations in
September 1960. The United Nations has a written constitution called the Charter and that Charter
prescribes in Article 102 that any member of the United Nations who wishes to go into a relationship
with another territory, the terms of that relationship have got to be reduced in writing and a copy of the
agreement provided at the secretariat of the United Nations, which is the registry of all independent
countries around the world. Failing to do that, that arrangement cannot be cited before any organ of the
United Nations.

Now, the International Court of Justice is one of such organs, so La Republique du Cameroun cited
Nigeria over Bakassi which is located in Southern Cameroons and in fact succeeded in having the matter
heard by the ICJ, an organ of the UN without first establishing that Bakassi is in a territory which had
legally been united with La Republique du Cameroun in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter.
There is no such treaty of union between Southern Cameroons. So if Nigeria were only to ask La
Republique du Cameroun that the court has pointed out that the indigenes of Bakassi voted as Southern
Cameroonians on 11th February, 1961 to determine where their country should go either to Nigeria or La
Republique du Cameroun and they in turn explain to Nigeria that clearly you have nothing to do in
Bakassi because it was not part of your territory then because you had been independent the previous 1st
October, 1960 when Britain handed you independence.

Had Nigeria then turned to La Republique and said you have sued us concerning Bakassi, produce the
treaty of union in accordance with the UN Charter, there is no doubt that the ICJ would have dismissed
the matter. But since there was no evidence that Bakassi did not belong to the person who had sued, the
ICJ gave judgement in favour of La Republique du Cameroun purely by default. That was not a decision
which determined whether or not Southern Cameroon was part of La Republique du Cameroun.

No, it was merely to determine the boundary between Nigeria and the territory of Cameroons which has
never joined to La Republique du Cameroun. Besides when the plebiscite results were known, the UN on
the 21st of April, 1961 said in Resolution 1608 paragraph 5 that before the trusteeship agreement over

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Southern Cameroon was terminated at midnight on 30th September, 1961, there should be a tripartite
conference between Britain the administering authority over Southern Cameroon the non-self governing
territory of Southern Cameroon and the sovereign state of La Republique du Cameroun to draw up a
treaty of union embodying the undertakings and understandings made by La Republique du Cameroun
before the UN as to the terms of joining, which Ahidjo had specifically stated that it would be a two-
state federation of equal partners. With each partner carrying on in the systems it had been accustomed to
and that no time would he use the majority of La Republique du Cameroun to fault the people of
Southern Cameroon. This is what was said.

The Sun: So what are you after now, a Southern Cameroon state or a federated state of Cameroon?

Mola Njoh: Well you know the founding fathers of Southern Cameroons agreed to have their
independence by joining either Nigeria or La Republique du Cameroun. It seems to me that, that was a
definitive way of getting their self-determination. So I will start from the basis that the founding fathers
agreed that they would have their independence by joining. Now independence by joining had been
defined a year before 1961, precisely on the 15th of December, 1960 when the UN a day before said they
did not want colonialism anywhere in the world. Countries like Britain said in some territories we would
set up an administration, a civil service, a police force and an army.

So if the territory is unable to pay for these services and were left abruptly in accordance with the
resolution there would be total chaos. The very next day on December 15, 1960 the UN sat again with
both Nigeria and Cameroon as sitting members and said that if a country is unable to stand on its own
feet, it can attain independence by joining. And in that case it would be deemed to attain independence
and that independence could be achieved in two ways either by association or by integration, but if it is
by association the non-self governing territory maintains its constitution, retains its territorial integrity
but relates to the sovereign state in areas in which it is deficient like foreign relations, setting of
embassies throughout the world, defence or what else have you.

But then in accordance with Article 102 of the UN Charter the terms would have been reduced into
writing and filed at the UN secretariat. That is independence by association. In the case of independence
by integration as people casually say, both the non-self governing territory and the sovereign territory it
agrees to join share executive, legislative and judicial powers equally. This means to say that if the
integrated unit has one president then that position alternates between the two territories. Similarly if the
number of delegates to the central legislature is not equal, the small delegates from the non-self
governing territory would have a veto power on all legislature.

The Sun: Are these assumptions or they were really written down?

Mola Njoh: They are recorded. Before I finish this interview, I will give you a copy of resolution 1541
of December 15, 1960. When we were still a trust territory and Cameroon had become a member of the
UN in September before December and so Cameroon participated and then came the resolution of April
21, which the UN said the trust mandate would terminate on September 30. Cameroon infact voted
against that resolution led by France. So a lot of French territories with the exception of Mali voted that
Cameroon should not have independence and join. Probably that is the reason why we are treated as
second class citizens because Cameroon never accepted the decision of the UN. So we were practically
colonised because when Britain left, Ahidjo moved over his security forces and he has been here ever
since.

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The Sun: Yes, they have been here ever since and things have evolved. Some would say that you are
crying over spilled milk because the system is well entrenched that we cannot go backwards

Mola Njoh: No! The right to self determination is a continuing right. Every human being the world over
has a right to self-determination. Southern or British Cameroon was a separate territory from La
Republique du Cameroun. That was the reason why when France granted independence to East
Cameroun it did not include us because we were not one country. So, at some point we had to join so
that we could become one country. That joining has never taken place. And La Republic du Cameroun
represented by Mr. Biya is not prepared to talk so as to arrange matters in accordance with the
prescriptions of the UN whose territory we were. So either Mr. Biya agrees to talk to negotiate with a
territory that was never part of La Republique du Cameroun which voluntarily agreed to join but on terms
put down by the UN. Those terms have not been respected.

The Sun: Don’t you think this is like an impossible task asking the president now to come and negotiate
with a territory which you say is a non-self governing territory. If you were in his shoes are you sure you
would do it.

Mola Njoh: Well, my answer to that is simply that he is sowing the seeds of discord. You know that
during the seven-day war, Israel captured not only Jerusalem but also a sizable portion of Palestinian
territory. You see the difficulties which are occurring now. Most of the world has agreed that Israel
should keep its boundaries when it was created, I believe in 1948 or thereabout and surrender the
territory of the Palestinians so that there would be a two-self governing states around.

Because of the hesitation of Israel, there has been enormous bloodshed and the ultimate solution would
be the setting up of a Palestinian state to live side by side with Israel. This is what is going to happen
here. If Mr Biya is not reading the hand writing on the wall as it is happening elsewhere; if the world
would not read what is happening in Israel and would only come after Israel has levelled Gaza and to
raise money to build Gaza when 1300 Palestinians mainly children and women have been slaughtered, as
against 13 Israelis because they are armed to the teeth by America; and they can unleash terrible
weapons, the world would never accept that at the end. The solution then would be two states.
Palestinians would accept to live in their lands and Israel too must respect its boundaries. This is exactly
what I fear would happen to Cameroon if Mr. Biya does not remedy it. Mr Biya cannot exercise the
position of an imperialist power by annexing a territory which voluntarily accepted to join him on terms
which had been agreed by the world body. It would not work and I say it boldly that the sooner it is
corrected the better.

The Sun: Mola you are today like a lone voice in the wilderness. Many of your contemporaries have
gone. The few who are around do not seem to embrace your message. Even among the youths of today, I
do not think Southern Cameroons or West Cameroon means anything to them. So this voice might just
disappear in the wilderness soon without having made any significant impact.

Mola Njoh: John the Baptist preached in the wilderness. He said come along and be baptised and be
converted from your sins and you know that he was eventually executed. Then came Jesus Christ, he too
was executed but what is happenning today? Church bells never stop ringing early in the morning for
prayer meetings. People are dressed up in their best suits going to church. Why? Because although
christians were persecuted at the early stage and because the message is true, it has lived through time
and in the end the world has accepted it as being a true message. So, I am not discouraged that my
contemporaries have all gone. It is rather by the grace of God that I have this message to preach that is

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why I am still alive and you have the doubtful pleasure of talking to me.

So, I will continue to preach that message. This message is for people who were born subsequent to 1961
are constantly intimidated by the forces of the colonialist La Republique du Cameroun and who probably
don’t know the history, the terms. I want them precisely to be educated to know their rights. But this fire
of Southern Cameroon will not quench even when my time comes to take my exit. A lot of these things
have been documented. People have started talking about it, and newspapers, people like you are cross
examining an old dog like me to say what I know about this and I am ready to show them chapter and
verse that this is the gospel of Southern Cameroon. It would not die; it has to be put right if there has to
be peace here. In fact I suspect that because of this preaching, La Republique du Cameroun itself is not
certain that Southern Cameroon will continue to be part of La Republique du Cameroun.

That is why, for example, the deep sea port is being diverted to Kribi, because they want to use the
resources of Southern Cameroon to strengthen them in the event since they are suspicious that Southern
Cameroon can exit from La Republique du Cameroun. That is why there is so much under development
on this part because they would want to crush any idea that there was a separate state called Southern
Cameroon but that truth would never die. We were never part of La Republique du Cameroun. We were
to join under specific terms which have not been respected and if they are not respected, Southern
Cameroonians have the right to say no, we are not staying.

The Sun: What is different in your position from that of groups like the Southern Cameroons National
Council, the SCNC?

Mola Njoh: There is nothing different. It was because of the frustration of the SCNC which held a public
meeting the AAC I here in Buea and in which all Southern Cameroonians attended and they resolved that
to the extent to which the terms of joining had prescribed that it was going to be a federation, that to that
extent the federation has not taken place or if feebly attempted to take place, it has been abolished by La
Republique du Cameroun, therefore the marriage is over. We are saying exactly the same thing.

The Sun: Some people are wondering why you are not being arrested from time to time as those of the
SCNC.

Mola Njoh: I don’t think anybody would have the courage to arrest me because what I am saying
everybody knows that it is true and it will only blow off the lid by arresting me because people will start
asking why has Mola Njoh been arrested and that will only help to propagate the sermon which I am
preaching that we were a separate people who volunteered by ourselves to join La Republique du
Cameroun.

To use a simple example you meet a beautiful girl and you say I am going to marry you. And she says if
you are going to marry me it is going to be monogamy. She agrees. When she is in the house you are
made a chief. You say a chief never has one wife so you are going to get married to others. She cries that
you are the one who has ruined this marriage. You turn round and say all these other women are happy,
why is this one struggling. She says no you have not respected the terms of the marriage. This is exactly
what Mr Biya is doing.

The Sun: Many observers believe that the SCNC is speaking in various voices and this does not in any
way help their cause.

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Mola Njoh: No. I am happy to announce that some of the SCNC, the Southern Cameroons Peoples
Organisation, SCAPO and people like myself have come together and you may or may not know that I
led a delegation recently to Addis Ababa to file a notice at the border commission of the African Union
that there is a border dispute between the country known as La Republique du Cameroun which is the
name by which East Cameroun was baptised on January 1, 1960 and the territory of British Cameroon of
which Southern Cameroon is a part.

That we are two different trust territories under separate agreements with colonial masters, one side
under the French and the other under the British and the terms of that agreement was that the imperial
powers were to prepare their respective territories towards independence or self -government which
France did to their own side on January 1, 1960. We were still a trust territory.

It was we who voluntarily decided that we could join either of our sovereign neighbours. We would have
been a separate entity. So we went to the AU Border Commission to testify that there is an international
boundary between East Cameroun and British Cameroons were we belong and that to the extent that the
AU has in its constitutive act that member states should respect their boundaries at independence, they
should take note that the international boundary between East Cameroun and Southern Cameroon has
never been obliterated. It is still there and when La Republique got its independence we were no part and
therefore to the extent which they have crossed their boundary, they should respect their boundaries at
independence as members of the AU. That is the delegation I led from a group of persons from what you
regard as splinter groups. So they are beginning to come together that is why they have set up a
government in exile, which requested that I should lead the delegation since I am the only surviving
senior citizen of the nine who went to the UN some years ago.

The Sun: A government in exile seems to be a child’s play. Many people don’t take it to be serious.

Mola Njoh: No, that may be a point of view. But there is a government in exile like when Namibia was
colonised by South Africa there was a government in exile. That is how states that had been colonised,
that cannot operate in their countries create a government in exile and live in sympathetic countries until
the world recognises them.

The Sun: Some would say that this course which you are pursuing is like the one of the Bakweri land
issue which seems to be deadlocked. Nobody knows where that course has led you to.

Mola Njoh: No, we got a decision from the African Commission which was endorsed by the AU Heads
of States and governments which said that having heard the presentation of the African Commission, the
BLCC should sit down with the Cameroon government, the auspices of the Rappoteur of the AU and try
to resolve the problem amicably. Well, that was a decision of a commission in which La Republique du
Cameroun is a member but that commission is like the ICJ. It has no means of implementing its
recommendations. So, like the ICJ it would deliver its opinion which is a recommendation to the
opponents on what to do but it cannot enforce that decision. It has got to refer it back to the Secretary
General of the UN to use his executive powers to effect these recommendations and this is what the
Secretary General did in relation to the Bakassi dispute between La Republique du Cameroun and
Nigeria.

In our case, it is the same. The African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights also renders an
advisory opinion that is their decision. They took it to the head who endorsed it. So it is the strong
recommendation of any member states of the AU to abide by it. If La Republique du Cameroun because

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it is a sovereign state and the Bakweri people cannot have a single gendarme officer or police man, we
can only go back to the AU commission to inform them that La Republique has refused to implement
your recommendation and we did in fact did that when the commission met in Abuja and they stated to
us that La Republique du Cameroun is reluctant to observe this and we would pass your case to the AU
where Cameroon is also a member and the executive chairman who would decide on the matter.

The Sun: Knowing that the AU is a grouping of Heads of States who would hardly interfere or rattle
their peers, decisions like that cannot easily be implemented.

Mola Njoh: You know that the ICJ decision about Bakassi that was supposed to be handed over to
Cameroon took about six years or eight years. That is how the international community moves and since
there is no enforcing machinery especially in the AU, they are still talking about it. That they have an
army to go and enforce it, it can only be by gentle persuasion and that is how the secretary general of the
UN persuaded Nigeria that you have to leave Bakassi because this is what the ICJ has said. It was no
business of the ICJ. It was the secretary general that used the powers invested on him to call the parties
but even that too took a long time. So I am not necessarily disappointed that Cameroon is behaving in
such a manner but it only strengthens my backbone that if a simple matter like that cannot be handled
amicably by this government, then one has no reason to have confidence in this government and that is
the reason now that these splinter groups are emerging and come together to say that we have to adopt
alternative methods to get what we want.

The Sun: Some would say concerning the land issue that the Cameroon Development Corporation is
running faster than you because it is ceding land to villages. Does this not solve your problem somehow?

Mola Njoh: It does not complicate it. The CDC is a corporation. All the Bakweri lands are communal
lands. They never belonged to any person. In simple that is to say that if your father left you a land after
dying, you too can develop that piece of land. It is not for you to sell it and pocket the money and spend
it on slow horses and fast women. It is communal land to serve Bakweri people to be used after
generation to generation. You see they fought and shed their blood against the Germans because we had
all been uprooted from the river line fertile areas where we were and relegated to this rocky and unfertile
place.

You see the principal Bakweri villages are presently located at the foot of the mountain where
development is very difficult. There is no water. These were hunting grounds where the Bakweri people
would leave with their families in the river line areas to do fishing, where there is water to cook and
came up to the forest to hunt and brought down animals to their families. The Germans came and seized
that land and put us here. So you never can tell whether my forefathers lived down there and so the
BLCC claim to Bakweri land is total. All this land belongs to the Bakweris and that the CDC is sitting
on it.

They are not paying royalties to the Bakweri who have lost their land. What we want is recognition that
the land in accordance with the Cameroonian land law is Bakweri land. Let CDC pay royalties to the
Bakweri so that since they have been disinherited from their land they would use that for the
development of their villages and their man power to compensate them for the loss of their land and this
is highly discriminatory because over in the east region and so on, where the land law says it is national
land when timber is fell and ever so often the people there are invited to Yaoundé to get their share of the
booty. We do not get one franc from our land so you can understand the plight of the Bakweri people. So
when CDC is ceding land to improvident chiefs who have nothing to live on, it does not bestow title on

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them because it is still communal land and if any chief sells it and keeps the money, he is selling what
does not belong to him because CDC is holding this land on a lease and a lease means that the landlord is
an owner.

And the Governor General before Southern Cameroon left Nigeria declared that these lands are all native
lands. It is all documented. And if this government is supposed to be the successor of the Governor
General of Nigeria who ruled here previously then they are supposed to respect that. But it is the
intransigence of this government and this is one of the reasons why it should change its mind or it will
collapse because you cannot continue to rule people against their will as Hitler did in Germany when he
went and captured Czechoslovakia, France etc. Of course, he got people from those countries to rule.

That is what is happening now. La Republique du Cameroun has taken a few people made their position
very good just like France when it was ruling its colonies took a few of the people to France taught them
how to eat cheese and how to drink vin rouge and sent them back to rule their country man and gave
them the gendarmes to terrorise their people and that is how they kept power. That is exactly what is
happening now La Republique du Cameroun is picking up a few of you and they say take care of your
people and they come along and tell you that you see things are good we have lived a long time why
don’t we stay here. It is the same old colonial policy of France to keep its colonies that has been applied
by La Republique du Cameroun over Southern Cameroon to keep it under subjugation.

The Sun: Why are a few of you putting up this fight too late? You are in your very ripe ages. Why was
this not done earlier?

Mola Njoh: It was done earlier when the so-called federation and you know the beginning of it when Dr
Foncha contrary to the resolution of the UN that there had to be a tripartite meeting between the
administering authorities in control here and the government of La Republique to draw up a treaty of the
union. He went on a tangent in Foumban in July 1961 with Ahidjo. At the material time, Foncha was a
juvenile in the sense that at that time he had no legal powers to commit Southern Cameroon. He went to
Foumban. It was an inconclusive meeting.

Ahidjo then went back to his parliament in East Cameroon and passed a law which he promulgated in
September 1, 1961 saying that effective from October 1 1961 his territory would comprise the state of
East Cameroun and the state of West Cameroon. He was legislating at a time when we were no part of
his territory. That was to lay the foundation for the annexation of Southern Cameroons. So, the so-called
federation which Foncha and Muna went to and accepted offices was a private arrangement between
them and Ahidjo. At no time did Foncha agree that Southern Cameroonians would be turned into second
class citizens.

I must give him credit for that. All along it was that we would come together as equal states and each
part would manage its own affairs the way it was accustomed to. When the scales fell off their eyes that
this was not so, that Ahidjo had cunningly, in his so-called federal constitution which he promulgated in
his parliament and when the British left with their army, he just came with his forces and took over this
place. It is colonialism which the UN say it is slavery and it should be stamped out.

The Sun: Yes Mola what we are saying here is that in 1961 this happened, in 1972 it happened, in 1984
when the name was changed from the United Republic to La Republique. You people started raising
your voices in the open only in the 1990s.

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Mola Njoh: No, the first person to protest was an eminent lawyer called Gorgi Dinka. When they
abolished the Federal Republic of Cameroon he said ok the marriage is over. He was duly arrested and
tried for treason. He was acquitted in Yaoundé and placed under house arrest in Bamenda. So, when you
say that there has been no agitation it was because Gorgi Dinka was a lawyer and was vocal.

He had been president of the Cameroon Bar Association and knew his legal rights. If the shirt you are
wearing is stolen by me and discovered after many days, would it be a valid excuse for me to say that I
have been wearing this shirt for the past two or three years my sweat is on it, it is now part of me, why
didn’t you complain of your shirt. You would say that I am just discovering now that you stole my shirt.
That claim of yours over your legitimate right is not bad by the evolution of time and so the right to self-
determination is not extinguished the way you are putting it to say that because of passage of time and so
it should be forgotten. The human rights of self-determination are not extinguished by the passage of
time at any stage and that is why the great Soviet Union had to disintegrate to allow states that it had
brought under its umbrella to manage their own affairs.

The Sun: But Mola with the benefit of hindsight don’t you regret that something would have been done
to avert the situation?

Mola Njoh: No. Something is being done now. It is never too late and that is why my brothers of East
Cameroon especially Mr. Biya should listen to the gospel that the relationship between Southern
Cameroon and La Republique du Cameroun has gone sour. The very least they can do is to renegotiate
and I am saying that to the extent to which the founding fathers voluntarily wanted to join, it was not the
majority East Cameroonians who ever voted to join us.

So, when you say this thing happened, this thing happened, it is because people who were never a party
to the bargain are coming in to exercise their rights. They had no rights to vote whether or not the state
of West Cameroon should be abolished because they were not there when we negotiated to join. If we
hang ourselves and abolish our statehood then the referendum would have been limited only to the
portion of West Cameroon.

The Sun: When you talk to some South Westerners, they say their past experiences living with North
Westerners were bad and that they would not want to come back to the former situation. Many of us
would be surprised that you like a full blood Bakweri man, a tribe that has enjoyed thirteen years of
Prime Ministership, would be the one to be calling for a return to the old status.

Mola Njoh: No. The Prime Minister is not nominated by the Bakweri people. Let that be clear. It is a
Bakweri man who is electing Biya to govern. So the mere fact that he appoints a Bakweri man as prime
minister or minister is of no significance to the Bakweri people. The man is there and any minute that
Biya wants to remove him, he does not consult the Bakweri people. So how does that affect the ordinary
Bakweri people? If it was that he wanted to share power with Southern Cameroonians and say you give
me a prime minister, he would stand for an election and if elected, the person would owe allegiance to
us. None of these people owe allegiance neither to the Bakweri people nor to Southern Cameroonians,
but to the person who appointed them.

The Sun: What is the next stage of this crusade?

Mola Njoh: I was in Eastern Nigeria when Colonel Ojukwu wanted to tear away the eastern region from
the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The Federal Republic of Nigeria had been independent as from October

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1, 1960. That was when its territorial boundaries were frozen. Ojukwu’s 1966 move was an act of
secession. Although I was there and I could see the reason why he wanted to pull out his people had
been massacred and so on and so forth which was so provocative. In the case of La Republique du
Cameroun, it is only the territory which constituted the corporate entity called La Republique du
Cameroun.

If the Littoral or the Western region want to tear up from La Republique du Cameroun, that would be an
act of secession. Are you with me? It cannot be an act of secession for a territory like Southern
Cameroon that was never part of corporate La Republique du Cameroun at independence unless it joins
subsequently in accordance with international law. Now if there is a piece of paper sustainable under
international law that joined Southern Cameroon to La Republique du Cameroun, let it be produced and I
will forever keep my peace.

The Sun: You are confident that this separation will come?

Mola Njoh: I am confident that although it will take time, it is bound to come and I am sure that deep
down in the minds of the rulers in La Republique du Cameroun they know what the truth is because the
Secretary General then Kofi Annan advised that there should be negotiation between the SCNC and La
Republic du Cameroun. Of course he could not enforce it. There seems to be peace in this region so there
is no necessity for the UN to come and disturb the honest nest. They usually like to go to places when
eggs are being broken in order to make omelettes. They are probably waiting if a similar thing occurs
here. But it is a very bloody thing. It is not something I will recommend here because I lived all through
it in Eastern Nigeria. I would say that if the two parties cannot comfortably live together let them separate
the same peaceful way that they got in. union.

The Sun

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