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Overview
Introduction Control Systems MR Damper Background Objective Methodology Results Conclusion Future Work
Introduction
th
Collapsed apartment buildings (Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute 1999) (3)
Control Systems
Systems that absorb vibration or movement
Passive
No power required Directly damps vibration
Active
Requires power Applies a force directly into the system to damp vibration
Semi-Active
Requires minimal power Applies a force that changes the system Change helps dampen the vibration
Magneto-Rheological Damper
Semi-Active Magneto Rheology Controllable fluid Para-magnetic particles
20-ton large-scale MR Fluid Damper (Yang 2001) (4)
Background
1940s Serviceability
Suspension systems
Shock absorbers Seat suspensions Prosthetics
Other Uses
Exercise machines Washing machines
LORD Corporation (2004) (5)
Research Objective
To find the effect of MR damper placement on the equivalent damping ratio and on the natural frequency of a building.
Methodology
MATLAB:
Uncontrolled Controlled
Simulink:
MR damper Free vibration response
Graphical Analysis:
Free Vibration Building Response vs. Time Modal Building Response vs. Time
Data Analysis:
Damping ratio () Natural frequency shift Determine the sensitive current range Comparing MR damper placement results
Equations
Equation of Motion of building with earthquake
! + cx ! + kx = f m! !g m! x x
Damper Equations
(Spencer et al. 1997) (6)
A, , , ko , n, xo , k1 = constants
!y !) z + A(x !y !) (x
MR Damper
3 DOF Building (8) Mass: 3.456*105 kg Stiffness: 1.2*108 kN/m 1st natural frequency: 1.319 Hz 1st simulation uncontrolled
Subjected to FVR Constant input of zero force Given initial conditions 5 cm displacement on each floor 2nd simulation controlled by MR Damper
ui 1 ln = 2 * j ui+ j
Freq. Response
Placement: Current (A) 1st Floor Resonant Freq. (Hz) 1.31977 1.32681 1.33374 1.33404 1.33576 1.33620 1.33590 1.35586 Freq. Shift (Hz) 0 .00702 .01396 .01426 .01597 .01642 .01611 .01608 2nd Floor Resonant Freq. (Hz) 1.31977 1.32443 1.325117 1.324994 1.320271 1.319383 1.319156 1.319104 Freq. Shift (Hz) 0 .00467 .00535 .00523 .01599 .00038 .00061 .00066 3rd Floor Resonant Freq. (Hz) 1.31977 1.32320 1.30979 1.30981 1.30933 1.30911 1.30904 1.30899 Freq. Shift (Hz) 0 .00657 .00997 .00996 .01044 .01066 .01073 .01078
No Damper 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
7.47976
5.28612
Conclusion
1. Effect of MR Damper placement on natural
freq. shift:
Occurs at every floor Larger shifts occur when MR Damper was placed on the 1st floor
2. Effect of MR Damper placement on : Values decreased as the MR Damper was moved up in the building
Controlled best on 1st Floor
Future Work
Comparing the Sensitive Current Range to the Sensitive Voltage Range Run simulations for 10 DOF New project on Effects of MR Damper placement on bridge vibration response
Acknowledgements
MCEER REUJAT program Makola M. Abdullah, Ph.D. Claudia Wilson, M.S.C.E. Tokyo University
Dr. Yozo Fujino
References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Northridge picture: FEMA for Kids http://www.app1.fema.gov/cgishl/kids/picture.cfm?picture=002730.gif&id=10 2004. Paso Robles picture: Central Coast Tourist http://www.centralcoasttourist.com/San_Luis_Obispo_CO/earthquake2003/Paso_Robl es_Earthquake.htm 2004. Izmit earthquake picture: Kandilli Observatory and Eartquake Research Institute, Boazii University http://www.eas.slu.edu/Earthquake_Center/TURKEY/ 1999. MR Fluid Damper: G.Yang."Large-Scale Magnetorheological Fluid Damper for Vibration Mitigation: Modeling, Testing and Control," Ph.D dissertation, University of Notre Dame, 2001. LORD Corporation, cable stayed bridge: http://www.lord.com/DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=543 2004. Spencer Jr.,B.F., Dyke, S.J., Sain, M.K. & Carlson, J.D. (1997). Phenomenological model of a magnetorheological damper. J. of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE 123(3):230-238. Chopra, A.K. (2001). Free Vibration Tests. Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake Engineering. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ:54-57. Park, K.S., Koh, H.M. & Ok, S.Y. (2002). Active Control of Earthquake Excited Structures Using Fuzzy Supervisory Technique. Advances in Engineering Software 33. 761-768. Reference the Stiffness stuff Ribakov, Y. and Reinhorn, A. M. (2003). "Design of Amplified Structural Damping Using Optimal Considerations". ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 129 (10), 1422-1427.