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Outline
Periodic noise Estimation of noise parameters Restoration in the presence of noise only spatial filtering
Periodic noise
Periodic noise typically arises from interference during image acquisition Spatially dependent noise type Can be effectively reduced via frequency domain filtering
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z = zi ps ( zi ) and = ( zi z ) 2 ps ( zi )
2 i =0 i =0
Electrical & Computer Engineering Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-7
L 1
L 1
Restoration in the presence of noise only spatial filtering When only additive random noise is present, spatial filtering is commonly used to restore images Common types
Mean filters Order-Statistic filters Adaptive filters
( x, y ) = 1 f g ( s, t ) mn ( s ,t )S xy
The operation is generally implemented using a spatial filter of size m*n in which all coefficients have value 1/mn A mean filter smoothes local variations in an image Noise is reduced as a result of blurring
Achieves smoothing comparable to the arithmetic mean filter, but tends to loose less detail in the process
( x, y ) = f
mn
( s ,t )S xy
1 g ( s, t )
Works well for salt noise (fails for pepper noise) Works well for Gaussian noise also
( x, y ) = f
( s ,t )S xy
g ( s, t )
Q +1
( s ,t )S xy
g ( s, t )
Q is the order of the filter Works well for salt and pepper noise (cannot do both simultaneously) +Q eliminates pepper noise, -Q eliminates salt noise Q=0 arithmetic mean filter Q=-1 harmonic mean filter
Dr. D. J. Jackson Lecture 12-15