The concept of hegemony The term hegemony comes from the Greek term, hegeisthai ("to lead?).

The concept of hegemony is widely used by sociologists to explain the phenomenon of the effort to maintain power by the authorities. Authorities here have a broad sense, not just limited to the ruler of the state (government). "It was Gramsci who, in the late twenties and Thirties, with the rise of fascism and the failure of the Western European working-class movements, Began to Consider why the working class was not necessarily revolutionary, why it could, in fact, yield to fascism. "(Gitlin, 1994: 516) Hegemony can be defined as: domination by one group against another group, with or without the threat of violence, so that the ideas are dictated by the dominant group against group predominantly accepted as normal (common sense). See also the following definition: Hegemony is the dominance of one group over other groups, with or without the threat of force, to the extent that, for instance, the dominant party can Dictate the terms of trade to its advantage; more broadly, cultural perspectives Become skewed to favor the dominant group. Hegemony controls the ways that ideas Become a "naturalized" in a process that informs Notions of common sense 1 "Dominant groups in society, Including fundamentally but not exclusively the ruling class, maintain their dominance by securing the 'spontaneous consent' of subordinate groups, Including the working class, through the negotiated construction of a political and ideological consensus roomates incorporates both dominant and dominated groups. "(Strinati, 1995: 165) We can conclude that: In hegemony, which dominates the group was able to persuade the dominated group to accept moral values, politics, and culture of the dominant group (the ruling party, the ruling group). Hegemony is accepted as normal, so the ideology of the dominant group can spread and practiced. Values and ideological hegemony is fought for and maintained by the dominant party so that party-dominated remain silent and obedient to the leadership of the ruling group. Hegemony can be seen as a strategy to retain power".The practices of a capitalist class or its representatives to gain state power and maintain it later." (Simon, 1982: 23) If viewed as a strategy, the concept of hegemony is not exclusive to the ruling strategy. That is, any group can apply the concept of hegemony and become ruler. As an example of hegemony, is the power of the American dollar against the global economy. Most international transactions performed with the American dollar.

Gitlin, Todd (1979), Prime time ideology: the hegemonic process in television entertainment, in Newcomb, Horace, ed. (1994), Television: the critical view Fifth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York.
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Gramsci (1891-1937) is a well-known figure with the analysis of hegemony. Gramsci's analysis is a refinement of the concept of business and economic determinism of Karl Marx's dialectic of history (see Marx's Das Capital). In Marx's dialectic of history, the capitalist system will result in a working class and a large number of economic recession. In the end, there will be a revolution of the workers (proletariat) who will give birth to a system of socialism. In other words, capitalism will give birth to socialism. However, this does not happen.2 Gramsci put out the argument that the failure was caused by ideology, values, selfawareness, and working class organizations of the hegemony of the ruling (bourgeois). This hegemony occurs through the mass media, schools, and even through a sermon or religious propaganda, indoctrination, giving rise to a new realization for the workers. Instead of a revolution, the workers would have thought to raise its status to a middle-class, able to follow popular culture, and imitating the behavior or lifestyle of the bourgeoisie. It's all an illusion created by those in power that dominated the loss of ideology and identity as a free man.3 So that the workers can create its hegemony, Gramsci provides 2 ways (Strinati, 1995), namely through the "war of position? (War position) and the" war of movement? (War movement). War position is done by obtaining support through mass media propaganda, build strategic alliances with the line hurt, liberation education through schools that increase self-awareness and social. Characteristics: Long struggle,Priority to the struggle in the system and Struggle directed to the cultural and ideological domination.War movement is done by direct attacks (frontal), of course with the support of the masses. War movement could be done after the war position is done, it may not. Although Gramsci's analysis revolves around the economic class war, the concept of hegemony can be extended to social and regional areas. For example, legislation subversive at the time of the New Order.

Simon, Roger (1991), Gramscis Political Thought: An introduction, Lawrence and Wishart, London. 3 Strinati, Dominic (1995), An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture, Routledge, London

Daftar Pustaka Gitlin, Todd (1979), Prime time ideology: the hegemonic process in television entertainment, in Newcomb, Horace, ed. (1994), Television: the critical view Fifth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York. Simon, Roger (1991), Gramscis Political Thought: An introduction, Lawrence and Wishart, London. Strinati, Dominic (1995), An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture, Routledge, London.