I\TRODUCTION

T'oday india is the second largest producer of thc fiuits 1+5.*s Million tons) and Vegetabies (90.8 Million tons ) in the u,orld. contributing 10.13%,zind 14.45%of the total rvorld production o1'lruits and r,'egctables respecti.,'el\, .l.clia l-ras rnacle a fairl-v good progress oil hofticulture vlap of ri,orlcl u,ith total appual production of The horliculturc crops touchin-q ol'er l'19 inillion tons Lrclia has been bestou,eci i,i,ith n,icie range ol clirnate and pllysio-geographical conditions aircl as sucii is rr-rost surtable for grow'ing \'arious kirlc'ls of horlicttitural croi,.s sr-rc-h as fi'uits. r,cgctables. flon,ers, ,uts. spices anci plantation crops.

with the rocusecl attention given tt, horlicr-rit,rre- therc has hucn s|ectacurar-crrange in telms of rdoption of ttert'tcr:hnologius. ]rroduetrt,n unrl ar.aiiabilir),oI horlicultr:re products. F-r-uits and vegetabies constrtLrle arounr.l lU pcr ceitt ol tlie tctal agriculture production of the country. Tliis sector oft'ers enoimous potentiar for export.

According to FAO, the export of fiuits from Inclia in 2003-04 us s156 million and that of vegetabies uS $ 205 rnillion .lndia's exporl of fi-uits ard ,egetables is rnore concentrated towards Asian region. Asian region accountecl tbr j5%of total fruits and vegetabie export 2003-04.The expott to European and American rnarket is yery less ciue to imposition of stringent qualit-v* measures. But in the last 3-4 yearthe export of fruits and vegetable Europe has been increasing with the adoption of Good Agriculture practices ( GAP ) by Indian fbnner. Also the APEADA is taking acrive role in establishing many quality testing laboratories and adeqr-rate clocumentation protocol across the country to boost the exporl of perishables.

Maharashtra is the one of the largest state In the production of fruits ancl vegetable contribr-rting nineteen percent of the totai tiuit productio, i, the country. The state. prt)dugg5 arou,cl nine millio, tones of tiriits ha'ins prcrlucti'it-r-.of i6 MT per rreciare of , lvhicli is tairly goocl wheti cotrparetl io coLrntrv's a\/er-age of l2 i\lT. it -qrows grapes, pomegranate, mango, sapota , oranges ,lime, strawberrv,

ili.ts, etc in large quantity .The state holds prestigious position in .",egetable

production contrihutin g 5% of the production and stands J it-t the country. Total .pr tion of vegetables in Maharaslttra rs approxirnately -5 miilion tones. Because of

close proximity to Mr,ur-ibai port iind metropolitan narket .the state enjoys the

comparative advantage in expotl as vvell as long distance

In certain cgmmoclities thc state hrLs occt-tpiecl unique ancl prestigious positiotr, e.S. man-qo. pomegrai-Izltc- .ir:i[rt'1 crlljon' Ilighll' perishable tlature of his fiuits arrd -rregetabie make thcir nrtrkctiug, svstetn ntore costiy ancl cc,r-np1cx. 'f ilncil, and procurelnent of fi-Lrrts itticl ve-qetable irt bulk js ol immensc inlpol-turec l-or erporters. Transporlation p1a1's an itnpoftant roie in fl-uits and vegetable marketing.

The expor-ter has to nrcct the specriic qualitative and cluantitative requiretnents of the imponer. The packa-uins. rcsidue testing. c'locumentation zrnd ph),to sanitary certification has to be met in orcler 1'o expon. So establishing an efficient backward linkage is rnust

for exporting fruits and vegetables.

THE COI{CEPTUAL FRAIVIERWORK

Grape cultivation is one of the most remunerative farming enterprises in India. Famous Indian medicine scholars, Sasruta and Charaka in their medical treatises entitled 'Sasruta Samhita' and 'Charaka Samliita', respectivelv, written during 1356-1220 BC, mentioned the medicinal properties of grapes. Kautilya in his 'Arlhashastra' r.vritten in the fourth century BC rnentioned the type of land suitable for grape cultivation. Native spp- resembling Vitis lanata and Vitis palmata grow wild in the nofthwestern Himalayan tbothills. Indigenous varieties known as 'Rangspoy', 'shonltu White' and 'Shonltu Red' are growlt in Hiinachal Praciesh even toclay.

Cultivatecl g,rapes are helici,eci to havc been introcluce.cl into the noilh of Inciia by the Pcrsian invaciers in i300 AD, fi-onr rvhere they r;i,ere introcluced into the south

$.1 abaa in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra) during the hisioric eveirt of

ing the capital from Derhi to Dauratabacr by King r\,Iohammed_bin_Tughrak. Ibn

Bafuta, a Moorish traveller r'vho visited Daulatabacl in 1430 AD, reporled to have seen flourishing vineyards i, south India' Grape rvas also introducecl in the south into Saiern

and Madurai districts of Tarnii Naclu by the Christi

lan t.t]1S.S1

rsslonaries around lg32 AD.

atd into Hyderabad provi,ce by HEH. tire Nizam of Hycierabacl in the early part of t6e 20th century' From Deihi' Daulatabad, Maclur:ri. S,lem arrd llyderabad, grape cultivation spread to clit-ferent piLrts of thc country.

THE ORIGII{

Grape is belie'ed to have originated in A'renia .ear the Biack and craspian seas in Russia' An i*depe,dent arld reccnt origi, olgi-apes is also traceci to North America. Its lea,es and seecls rvere cjisco'ereci in north Arnerica ancl i:.urope rn tbssil deposits of the Terliary period of geological tirne. Seeds r'vere alsc'r fi.unci in the refuse mounds of the pile du'eriers of rakes in south centrar'Europe bel0nging to the bronze age. From Armenia grapes sprearl "vestwa:ds to Europe and Eastr,vards to Iran and Afghanistan. Grape r'vas introduced into inrlia in 1300 AD by the Moghul invaders. Grape cultivation flourished in Baluchistan ancl norlh-west frontier province during the 16th century. In India' grape cultivation declinecJ after the fall of N,Ioghul rulers but was reintroduced in sotrth India (Aurangabad district of IVlaharashtra) by Mohammeci-Bin-Tughlak and since last 50 years grape is conrmerciaily curtivated i, India.

EVOLUTION

The old vitis vinifera grapes, originating in Annenia. ha'e perfect flowers while the

grapes of America, r'vhich are of recent origi,. us,ually have imperfect flowers. It is believed that ori-einally varieties rvith pure male i female flolvers to vaneties with various degrees of maleness / lemaleness to tirose with pertbct flo'ers e.risted and during the course of e,olutiotr onlv tlie varieties il,ith perf'ect flo*,ers hav.e been selected. ICA

DI

TRIBUTION

.,fi maia, grape is gtorvn uttder trvo clistinct clirnatic conditjons: (i) thc sub-tropical

lCiimitic conditions of norll'r r,vhere the u'intcr teinperatures rarely reach tl're 1}eezing

point but vines undergo dorrnancy in n'inter. and (ii) the tropical clirnatic ccinclitiops of

the peninsular India r,r'here tl-re r,vinter are tnilcl and the vines clo not undergo donnancl,

and remain evergreen throughout. Based on the vitrcr-rltural pr:acticcs anii tl-ie inciclencc

of rainfall, the grape-grotvitl-s regiorts erc classifiecl into three.

Region - 1

The rnicl temperate Punjab, LIarl,ana,

FLegiori - II

Pradesh. excepting tlre districrs of C'httoor irncl Prakasam, nofth interior Kamataka and the rain

shadow area-of the Westem Ghats in Vlaharashtra.

Region - III

Al1 grape grorving areas of Tamil Nadu. and the

districts of Bangalore, Kolar and Ni1,5o.. of I

Karnataka.

PATTERN)

In India, grape is presentlv cultivated over an area of 60^200 ha rvhich makes 0.81 per cent to total area of l.iarvest in the rvorld. india stands at 24thposition irr the rvorlcl for the area of harvest for grapes. As shown in the figure, area of har-vest in India has increased 50% cluring lzrst l0 years. The area under grape cultivation has increased considerably

by 14,892 hii over the years 1990 to 1994 anrl tiren the area of han,est has reachecl a stable figure of 40,000 lia cluring 1994 to 2000. Afier that the gor,vth is very 1ess. The area uucler grape cLrltivation is not expancling fast norv. g'

.-." .-:

Fis, I

,..,i'i -.r..i' .-:'1" I 'Jr' i

: lltriitr

Gr.-t1-re

India is the 13 Iargest grapc proclucing 1,546,300 (tonnes). lvhich nlakes a share in the wcirld. Grape prodLictior.i in Ltclia is second highest yield of 25.69 tonnes/Ha in

cou;riry in the worid rvith tire procluction of of 2.21pcr ccnt of total procluction of grapes

continuor-rsl_\. increasiitg (Fig.2). Liclia has the the u,orlct.

(.,

E) a E (,

18eCI008 18008CI0 i400808 128000t r0s0s0g 80D80s ts$BSD0 4$0rrD0

200*0,3

It

iSJa .ltrrl 2D.t2 3.1,_i-r :C.S4 2,1il5: _Z&S5

Fig. 2 Ptttern ':f grape ;:r*ductiorr in lndia

PROJECTIONOFINCREAW Grape productivity in Inclia is highest in the woricl alrd there is little scope to increase it further' However, much is still desirecl as far as the quality is concemed. therefbre, emphasis is on imp|o'ing quality while sustaining the present high productivity.

iS!5 ltar8:leg7

;!t ;il :,,cats its,<j:::::"

a,'r$:::i."* ra,,, . .",....ppF',SENTSTATUSo@ATIoNINTHECoUNTRY -;r-r ll\!v-_'-

:""r' 6r.rps is gtor.vn unCer a variety of- soil and climatic conditions in three distinct agro-

climatic zones. namei\', sub-tropical, hot tropicai ancl rnrld tropical climatic regions in India.

Sub-tropical Region: This regioit covers the Irorthu,estern plains comesponding to 28" and 32' N latiturle irtclucting Delhr: Nleen-rt clistrict of Uttar Pradesh, Llissar ancl Jinrj districts ol Harl,ana; ancl Bhatirtcla" Ferozpur. Gurdaspr-rr ancl Luclhiana districts 6i' Punjab. Vines unclcrgo dormancv and bt,c1 break stafls in the first rl,et-k of N4arch u,hiic ihe rains an'ive fui thc llrst ri'eek ttl.lune. ancl tirerctirre- onlr,90-95 days are available fi'on-r the inrtiation of crorvth to haryest. Consequently. 'Perlctte'is the onl1,earl1, ripening ladetv gro\\'n in this region. Rain damage is a problern rvith Thompson See:riless in this region. Sin-ele pnrnine ancl a sin-ele han,est is tlre accepted pr-actice lierc.

llot Tropic:l Region: This region cover:r Nashik, Sangli. Soiapur. Pune. Satari., Latur and (Jsmanabad districts of Maharashtra;- Hlderabad. Ranga Reddy, Mahbubnagar, Anantapur and Medak districts of Andhra Pradesh; and Bijapur, Bagalkot, Belgaum, Gulberga districts of norlhem Karnataka lying between 15o and 20" N latitude. This is the major viticulture region accounting for l0 percent of the area under grapes in the country. Vines do not undergo dormancy and double pming and a single harvest is the general practice in this region. Maximum and minimum temperature is 42oC and 8"C, respectively. The rnajor problerns in this region are soil and water salinity and drought. Berry glowth is impaired and in cefiain locations pink blush sometimes develops on green berries due to temperatures that drop to a low of 8'C. Thompson Seerjless and its clones (Tas-A-Ganesh, Sonaka), Anab-e-Shahi, Sharad Seeciless and Fiame Seedless are

the varieties gro\,vn in this region.

Mild Tropical Region: An area covered by 10" and l5'N latitucle including Bangalore and I(olar districts of Karnataka: Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh and Coimbarore. and lVlaciurai attci Theni ciistricts of Tamil Nadu tail in tliis region. r\,laxirnuur temperatures in a year scldotn exceed 36"C. ivhile the n-rinin'rurit is about t2'C. pal varieties are Bangalore Blue (Syn. Isabella), Anab-e-Shahi, Gulabi (Syn-

Bhokri. Thompson Seedless is grown only with limited success. Seedless, two crops are harvested in a year. Vinifera varieties

susceptible to mildew suffer losses due to unprecedented rains during flowering and

fruit set in both hot and mild tropical regions'

Maharashtra is a leading state in production of Grapes in whole country. In regards to agriculture land under grapes cultivation & grapes production, Nasik & Sangli districts

arc at forefront in tire state. Apart from these,grapes are also grown in the districts of Ahmednagar, Pune , Satara , Solapur and Osmanabad. Now a days grapes re produced in Latur district of Marathwada. However ,Nasik and Sangli districts are ahead in the production of grapes in a scientific rnanner-

Area under grapes in N{aharashtra is 35236 ha. out of which Nasik and Sangli districts contribute 24174 ha and 8255 ha respectively. Maharashtra prodr:oes around gggl12

fuIT of grapes annuallv. in r,vhich Nasik and Saneli districts contribution is 500406 M-f and 231635 MT. Total exporl of Grapes fiom fiorr-i Inclia is 26793.83 NfT valuing 105.89 crores out of u'hich nearly 80 % is expofiecl tiorr lvlaharasirtra. The Varieties growll in N'faharashtra are Thompson seedless ,1'as-e-Ganesh , sltarad seecllcss. Flame seedlcss and Sonaka

},,IARKET SCEI{ARTO

Nasik district is the largest proclucer and cxprirl of Grapcs in V1a5lr:r-shtra. gror'ving are Diudori , Nasik .Niphad. Pirnpalgaon -Basi,ant ancl Ciranclri,acl grapes fiorn nasik stairds at1613.63 MT ciuring 2003-04. UsLrally very iittle export clualitlr'grapes cornes to -\PMCs. Exporl grapes are usually procureil

Tiie rnain . Export of quantity of at the fare

satc . fraclers and exports go directly to f-anns 20-25 ciavs before han.est ancl they fjx a procurement plice based on the grade.

PERIOD OF PRICE FLUCTUATION Generally the price of grape depen_ds on the production. han,estiirg oeriocl and demands in market of other part of India .

Low Peak

pdce : price :

Nov to Dec with the average price around Rs.7 to 9/kg April-May with average price around Rs.l2 to 15/kg

In this market some variety ah,vays fetch good price . A general price for varieties can be given below :

Price R.s/kg

Sonaka

2,5-30

Tas-e-Ganesli

Sharad seedless

Thompson seedless

Flarne seedless

SANGLI

It is second largest grapes grorving and expor-ting district in Maharastra.Export quality grapes won't conle to liere. So expofiers ancl tracJers go directly to farmer,s orchard. T,he important growing regions are Malegaon, Miraj. Nimni. Savlaj and Tasgaon. Nearly 250-300 containers of grapes rvill be exporled this year fiom Sangli district alone. During last year (2007-08) the fann -eate procurement price of export quality grapes fluctuatecl ri ith ihc tirric like tlris.

FebnLary entl's j5-40'kg Marchl5-30: Rs 50 / kg N4arch 30 onrvards Rs 60-65/kg

SOLAPUR MART.ST

solapur is also very big market fbr grapes .Grapes arri.;al is fiorn Solapur, Sangli. and Baramati and from regions of Kolhapur sumounding Sangli. Distribution is mainly to Bihar,Bengal,orisa, and Southem Indian states, There are many Bihar and Benga1 traders operating in this market. In this market gape price depends on variety of g'ape. The prices of some important varieties are given below. Nearly g0% of the production is Thornpson seedless and 1 0-15% is Sharad and flame seedless. Rest is from other varieties.

EXPORT OF GRAPES Major export is to N,{iddle East, UK, Holland, and Gennany.

Name of the VarietY

Descriprion

Berry size

Harvesting period

THOMPSON SEEDLESS

Round berries green color, Seed less variety.

16 rnm to 18 rnnr

.[anuary to April

SONAKA

Elongated beries, green less variety.

i6 mrn to i8 mrn

January to April

SHARAD SEEDLESS

Round berries.Biackish red colour.seedless variety.

16mmto18mm

January to April

FLr\llE SEEDLESS Berries - General Appearance u,ith 0 Yo tolerance.

Beriesrn fi* ); not bladdery, lvilted, over mature; no

shrivelled, deformed or poorly pollinated berries. Colour shoul<J be even through the

bunch and across the box. No wrinkling of

skin or sunken area around pedicle. r.vatercore.

\I r t"io abnonnrl .rl..io. ,roirtro

Free fiom@fu,r-q* developmelrt.

Free fi 6mls;;j;;;;; r TC.fi*rr**r. internal damage.

Berries-Generai Appearance rvith _t 9,0 tolerance

eem.s-EAealpp.*rr*

with 5 on tolerunce

Free from shfvelling / rvitting, ctrlcl clamage, unspecilied

intemal quaiity defbcts, skin damage- r.vincl

rub marks, unspecified appearance defbcts.

Free nom sulphur burn, visible residues, Ioose berries.

Berries-Generat T*fiffi

with 8 o/o tolerance

Free from sunburn.

B erri es- G en.rul -Appi*inG

with l0yotolerance

Free from dry stems and dirt.

Trt..ur"* . ) rrt rf , out of the entire delivery

All Quatiry individuar deviations are within their stipurated rimits

marks, splits, cracks, open cuts or rots, l-E- -+.i

[, --F],1.1;, F q=i+= F' '..':

:]

Shape/Dirnensions

Bunch-shapetyp@ or over tight;- round or slightly oval, not excessively eiongated.

Organoleptic

I1

Flavour

owrisr ailo relresllng ilavour balanced bv a hint of acidity.

Juicy, *'ith t.nd.@ flesh.

L2

Texfure/Consistencv

t3

Aroma

rE,. rrec rrom anv lorergu odour

,' ,a

i ::

I I _, ,l

Physical

14

Sugar Content

rrurn - lo ctesl-ce Brlr. )la.x 20 Bnx

Sugar/Acid Ratio

18:1 minirnum. fu.g"t ZO , t

Minimumt:mn@

mrn, Extra Large 1g_20 mrn. ,LXL.20 mrn and up. Target avera.gel6 _ lg mm. (rh"tt"r) fi rackaging: tolerance up to I % by weight, farget zero.

Berry Stze, nrinted on the Label

Dropped Berries

+::ii:'.r

L::l=

:!':':

i,..j ia..i;:

,rri',ii

[#

f .-l r*! ffi

ffi

ig ptt

Pouch weight

v ruucnes or mln 510 gms. ( by packing ) per 4.5 kg carton. preference of 1 bunch per bag, with a toleranc e for Z bunches of even weight in I bag, No single bunch to weigh less than 200gms.

: 19

Punnet weight

r v punners or mln 520 gms ( by packing) per

5 kg carton. Max three bunches per punnet u,ith a minimum r,veight allowed to about 50gms for third bunch for acljustment of weight purposes.

:,,4,.!

Insects, Spiclers

No insects, the product

spiders or mites to be p."r.rt rn or packaging.

Additional Information

All produce suppliea to tfri, ,p.cin.uti*

rnust have been grown in compliance with the Apecla NRC document end relevant GlobalGap protocol.

Pesticide residues

As per European MRL's li*its of t_g_ZOOg

The ApEDA authoris.affi

17.025 cerlified pesticicle residue field tests reporl codes are traceable via the packing list.

Holland I i U.K

:SHARAD SEEDLESS

Berry Size : 15 mm Colour Black

Berry Size : i6 mm Colour Black

Be.ry Size : 18 mm Colour

FLAME

SEEDLESS

Berry Size : 16 mm Colour Pir*

Berry Size : 18 mm Colour Pink

,Facking

4.5 kg I 9 kg pouch packing and 5 ke punnet packing

4.5kglgkgpouch packing and 5 kg punnet packing

Days requirecl to

Destination

7-8 Davs lzl a.y,

EXPORT SPECIFICATION OF DIFFEREI{T COUNTRY

Variety

Nliddle East

THOMPSON SEEDLESS

Berry Size: l5 mrn Colour u'hite /amber. TSS 17-18 brix

Size: l6mrr white TSS >18

Berry Size : lg mm Colour Milky white /amber. TSS >18 brix. No variation in size

Berry Colour /amber.

brix

21 days

sample shouid be fo,lr,arded toG impo.t.. and it sh@

.:.-MAJOR QUALITY P OR EXPORT OF THE BERRIES AT .POST HARVESTING

Three ma.ior quality parameters for export of the berries at post harvesting are1 . Size of the grapes 2. Bncks in the produce 3. floutarnination due to pests. Thonrpsotr seediess contributed nearly 90%of th.: total exporlecl tlie European union and tlK rvhile Shared Seedless lvas the major 'ariety that rvas exporled to Miciclle East.

Qualif"v of rhompson variety of seed rvith re spcct to the periocl of the procurement is show'n in the graphs belorv.

uality of gra

es at the time of reception.( ffror"p*n S*.ff"* ;

rrice paid to farmer

Average weight of one bunch

Average Size

Average Brix

Diseased grapes ( qt in Kg)

I :s.s+ I

290.45

t6.5

17.98

Less than 1 %

39.28

270.4s

16.58

18.1 t8/

Less than 1 %

39.12

286.46

15.43

Less than 1 %

38.79

251

15.3 8

17.93

Less than i %

41.40

294.74

t5.67

18.14 | Less than t %

39.20

298.9

r5.9

18

Less than I %

10

39.67

311.5

15.6

18.2

Less than I %

1l

38.47

318

r 5.J

18

Less than I %

12

41.83

325.1

r 5.8

t7.8

Less than 1 %

13

42.34

323.4

17

18

Less than 1 %

t4

41.90

288.6

17

17.6

Less than I %

Total

40.05

zvo. /6

16.01

t 8.01

Less than I 7n

I ______.1

WEIGHT OF GRAPES

From the table it can be established that Thompson varieties of.grapes are generally available after the January end of from the period of the February. In the start of the season the average bunch weight is less as the grapes do not get much size and are harvested' Each berry of his variety weight around 4-6 gms and each bunch has nearlv 70-80 berries. I

I ______.1

WEIGHT OF GRAPES

From the table it can be established that Thompson varieties of.grapes are generally available after the January end of from the period of the February. In the start of the season the average bunch weight is less as the grapes do not get much size and are harvested' Each berry of his variety weight around 4-6 gms and each bunch has nearlv 70-80 berries.

&1EEAGEI SEF"E' *tr ?-q{q {}EA;t}:"gE

il:.= *i ii;* i-=r*i.il-tr.:'* !S iq::: i;,i iit* s1*1i Cf tl:e +r ii':* :;*asc*, irl**; :h* *r:iiiw g..r*-r;i-l ii. .;-; :li ,:*,-i rf ii:.: s:.es.,!E rvhl;h :i:lpii*: e beit::i

i.i:.-l- ::li-=l

:r rlt{a!:a ..43rElF.l,.*i{ EB&g.q {Egi ?q{E GK&r}ES

:l '-.,.,.

g&gf,g r.&{egQTrsE FARkHER *erw

i-li-:,:ry:l!lri: ll:*n-, ih* i::i:ie lr ,;asi i:e se*ri tliai the famter are gefting the i*r.,,,er pri** :it Li:r.: si;ari i:i ti':e .rfr&s*:i ;.nri p;:ii-'* g* high as thc se&sor? srli:xles t* eri<i. Th* :,:rice r:f tl-le .r,::1ij:jij ,jr,r:,':.:,.i: =:;s1i.; -:: i.i: :iz* -ti il,e *rapes th* degnand and suppi,v *f Hr*p*s in ti:e

-;'i:i .:.:,.-, l*.3i* ihat ihc sis* +i pr*riuce i; ;,_:i.-,rrrg **r*r

- -:...,:ji]. i: :::i alsi ,-1* :**:rr;d :hat ir:. th* i::t* ,,iii.>riil

, - -:t.:,=:-t'. .-.., ..,.- -,r--:::-1*i.j.rii::i'..;ifil.,; ii*:;.i :ilf: i:,:l=eS:i; i::i:*.fi.;ri ii;f:::..::;r:;i.

,.t.... .;1-1 ; 1i r: i-,:-, :i-: + :: ;,31: 3a q !,.-.f p :'l\"

in

E Price Paici ta farrner.

g Avara,;c Sirr of S'3p1-,, {nrmi i-: Averagf B!-ix-

Thus it can be seen that the quality norTns are very stringent for the export to the eorintries al E,uropean Union and UK. The processing cost for the expsrts to these ecxillries is very high and ihe risk of rejection is also very high so ii ;s vcrv risky bustness ic -+:r,po$s tc theso countries. It is very high best on the part oi field fiesh tl.:at :lettt *it,:l1li11i1::1 3i,la-,Ji:lrl is:rery gc+d that the diseased:e;lti:r!,:.1 lt::.t:'- j'ti:rt 3r::i: ir*,-ts* is ahval,: i*s: i}:.:l iYr which svrnbolizes good procureii"i*na praetil.': n=i gc,--:* i*gisties *peration at fliei': Fresh Foods.

-18-

'4.

't: I j {

g I

CHAIN OF EVENTS IN GRAPES EXPORT

The variety of grapes that is exporled from the Nasik region mostly this time is Sharad Seedless and Thompson Seedless .Out of the to varieties Sharad is the black variety and Thompson Seedless is green variety of table grapes .Sharad takes 100-110 days, to harvest after the flowering stage so the yield starts from the month of late Decernber. It is rnostly exporled to ME as tl-re quality assurance parameters are less binding on the Middle East than to the European Union.

RESIDUE .\NALYSIS

Sampling of grapes for residue analysis is usually done 10-20 days befbre harvest .5 kg sample is taken ranclomly frorn each farm, in which 3 kg is cmshecl for testing imrnediately and 2 kg sample is kept in cold storage foe 45 days titl the consigrtrnent reach destination ,vithout any hinclrance. There are eight authorized institutions throughout India that can conouct residue analysis test .The list of these authorized residue testing instirutions are given in the annexure. For this test, they charge Rs.300/ sample for one pesticide and Rs 15001 sample for all 87 chemicals. APEDA will give 50% subsidy foe reside analysis. This -vear National Horticulture lMission (NHI\{) has given 100% subsidy for residue analysis test of all horticultural produce. Residue analysis report will be gir,,en to fanners within 6-8 days. The residue anall,sis test is done for 92 chemical.

HARVESTING

Harvesting is done in morning hours based on the specifications of importer. Weighing is done immediately. The quantity harvested is entered in farmer's registry.

KNITTING AND SORTING/ GRADING

Afterwards knitting of non unitbrm ancl water berries is done followed by sorting and weighing as per imporlers requiren-ient.Usally Exporl specification lvill be as follolvs.

:1 :

j 4

19WETGHING AND PACKING

Grapes are usually packed in three types of carclboarcl boxes for export Each box will

have to be packed with grape guard, tear off liner and bubble sheets for Europe. For Middle East, each box has to be packed with paper cuttings, along with grape guard tape to hold two boxes.

a) 5 kg Punnet packing : In this 500 grn transparent punnets arc- used. Totally 9-10 punnets are needed in each 5 kg carcl board box. The punnets are irnporled from South Africa and ltaly. From last one year UK and European imports are demanding grapes in punnct packing only. b) 4's kg pouch packing: 9 prastic pouches of approximaterv 500 em are kept inside 4-5 kg card board boxes. 'l he clemar,d for this type of, packaging has decreased considerably with arnval of punnets. The cost of poucir rvill be around 50 paise each. c) 9 kg pouch packing : 77-rg plastic zip pouches of approximately 500 gm are kept inside 9 kg card boxes. The dernand for this type of packaging has decreased considerably with arrival of punnets.

Cost of packing for UK and EU

Cost centre of packing

5 kg Box

40 ft container (14.5 MT)

Cost box @ Rs.5.5 /kg

Punnet @Rs 5/ punnet

Grape guard @l.66lkg

Bubble sheet @16 paise/kg

Tear off Liner @39 lkg

13814s

20Fre cooling and Cold Storage : Pre -cooling is done at 0-9 C for 6-8hours.Usually cold stored for 5-8 days depending on export suitability. Fcr storing the produce for 6-g days , Rs 5 kg is charged.

Palletization: Wooden pellets are used to keep card boxes with in the containers. Grapes are expofted in 40 ft container. Each container can hold 20 pallets and carries 14.5 MT of grapes.

Before palletization, a) AGN{ARK cerlification is compulsory, which is issued by Directorate of Marketing and Inspection officer of concerned area. AGMARK certification costs around 0.2 % of the FOB value. Usually this charge comes to ar.ound

Rs.3000/ container.

b) Fumigation certificate: As wooden pallets are used to keep bpxes in container .fumigation certificate is necessary for grape export .This will be issued by Private certified Pest control agency or pellet supplier fumigation charge is Rs 20-25 / pallet. So for a40 ft container containing 20 pallets, this charge may end up at Rs 400-500.

c) Phyto Sanitary certificate :( PSC) It can be availed from directorate of plant protection, Quarantine and Storage, Ministry of Agriculture. usually in Maharashtra District Superintending Agricultural officer (SAo ) will look after procedures, For issuing PSC usually 0.2% of the FoB value is charged.

Package

One pellet

20 pellatsi container

9 kg Card board box

80 boxes

I 600 boxes

5 kg Card board box

1 20 boxes

2400 boxes

4.5 kg Card board box

3200 boxes

i200 boxes

-21,-

Following information is colrected from Exporter for issue of psc for Grapes: l. Application 2. Copy of import permit 3. Letter of credit/ agreement +. Performa invoice 5. Copy of Imporl Export code 6. Tl-ie r.vhite and green copy of residue test reporl 7. Container loading sheet/packing list. 8. Copy of declaration by famer 9. Farm inspection report

1 0- Exporler's declaration. 1 1- Pack house recognition certificate issued by ApEADA. 12. Self- certified copy of the certificate of Agmark Gradi,g (cAG) ISSUED By the concerned office of lVlarketing ancl inspection. 13. A Challan of prescribed fess paid for inspection.

d) Stuffing Permission: It is issued By central Excise and customs department. Stuffing permission is the permit to export a good to a particular place lnation from central excise. It is life tirne permission.

Quality parameters such size, packing, temperafure requirements should be according to the importers specifications. It is better to get requirement from the importer in writing in Purchase order. Pack the material strictly as per the sample provided by the importer,s requirement.

Loading of container: Refer container usually comes from JNpT to tlie farm gate. while loading the grape to container, Central excise officer will inspect the commodity as per the purchase order and seal the container. once the container is sealed, it can not be opened by anybody till it reach its destination.

-22l

usuatrly pack house ord'er charge Rs 7/ Kg for rabor, harvesting, transport to cord storage sorting grading, packing loading to container. This Rs 7/ kgincludes

commission age,ts/packers margin of Rs.2-2.5/kg .it does not incrude the package material cost' colcl storage costs and diesel and erectricity charges. Totary the procurement cost comes roughry to around Rs 12r Kg incruding cord storage charges.

Procedure of Shipment Services of customs House Agents ( cHA's) to be reserved to caffy out necessary logistic and paperwork required for export. Job rike space for exporls, order fbr the container' custom clearance of origin etc .is carried out by cHA. An efficient and ;Hl*t cHA shculd be appointed' Following is the rist of docume,ts to be provided

For agro exports' excise duty is not appricabre. customs Duty @ cost of the invoice is chargecr whire processing the documents.

1% with respect to the

Transportati;;;e

Nasik

Rs l0r){rn, .o,ilir,-,

Rs l3tt00z .orur,,o.

Sangii/ Tasgaon

Rs 25000 / contalne,

Terminal Handling charges for 40 ft container is Rs. l_s000 Sea freight From JNPT to different foreign ports:

Post Landing cost: Post Ianding cost includes unroading, cord storage. transportation, import duty ant impofters commission lbr the year 200g-0g.

IMPORTERS COMMISSTOJ

_ EU_8%

_ Middle East _,s%

Residue Anarysis test in the importing country costs aroun d 2s000/sampre.

This test is done only in UK and Eu ropean country. If rejected the labour charge ancl dumping costs should be paid by the exporrer.

MODE OF PAY}IENT

Normall'y in the trade of agro exports (expect onion, rice and other cerears mango purp) importer never provides Letter of credit ( Lrc) Such export is done on consignment basis ( payrnent as per actuar sares ) Exports get the paynent after deducting port charge' hansportation and commission etc .of the importing country .In certain country export is undertaken on the fixed rates. Nlarket credit of the importer shourd be checked before entering into the trade. Importer's credit can be checked by internationar credit otganizations like Dun and Bradstreet. Export credit Guarantee corporation of India( E c G c) also undertakes such type of creclit certification work . sares proceecr gets deposited in the bank in foreign cunency. Export documents incrucling Expod Promotion ( E p ) copy should be retainecl by exporter.

Country

European Union

-24GOVERNMENT POLICIES

AN

I,ANS

F'OR

RESEARC

The Govemu-ient fbilolving \\,a_vs:

of India is supporting the grape inclustry of the country in the

Ettcottrage a'cl supporl the fhnners for establishing the 'ineyai.cls a,cl installins clrip rnrgation svstenrs b,v pror.,icling sofi loans ancl subsidies.

Pro'icle rescarcrr support to 51.1513!1i the procructivity of grapes uncler

adverse

sltLlatl0lls.

Pro'rote a'cr support trre exp,r1 0f fiesh grapes by tr-ai,in_t the p.o'idi,g soft roa's a,d subsicries roi pre-cuorirg a,cl coid storage

_Srowers and

facilities.

I{eseai-cil oll grapes is can-iecl or-rt b1, the Inrjia. Cor_r,cil fbr AE-icultural Iiesearch (lcAR) hrstitutes a,d State Agricultural Uni...ersities at ditfere,t centres under the AIi India Coordinatecl Research project on Grapes. The National Research centre for Grapes (ICAR) rocaterr at pune. Maharashtra is the focal point for conducting and coorclinating the research activities on grapes throughoui the country.

NIARKETTNG

More than 80 percent of the total production is consumecl as table $apes in India, and more than 70 percent of the total production is harvestecr iir March-Aprii, but the cold storage facilities are inadequate. Therefore, market gluts anti fall of prices of grapes in March-April are common. Appr"oximatery, 2.5 percen t (22,000 t) of fresh grapes are exporleci to the N'licidle East and Europea, countries. The rest .f the produce is tnarketed within the country Grapes are expofted through three c,iifl.er.ent agencies 'i2., Grorver Exporters' Growers' cooperatives and the Trader expofiers. fhese a_tencies have establishecl their ol''n ihcilities for pre-cooir.g a^ci corcr stor,ge i, the 'icirity of rliajor procl uction sitcs.

26