11-3 EXPLORING MENDELIAN

GENETICS
Mr. Alejandro Cruz
2 Mr. Cruz
 What is allele segregation?
 Do alleles segregate independently?
 What is a two-factor cross?
 What is the principle of independent
assortment?
 What inheritance patterns exist aside from
simple dominance?

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 Mendel crossed True breeding plants

 Round = R
 Wrinkled = r
 Yellow = Y
 Green = y
 Round Yellow peas = RRYY
 Wrinkle Green peas = rryy

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RRYY rryy

Round yellow F1
Heterozygous peas
RrYy
dominant
for round yellow
How is the genotype of the
offspring different from that of
the dominant parents?
The offspring are
heterozygous
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The two-factor cross

 F1 plants were heterozygous for both
seed shape and seed color genes
 RrYy
 F2 generation?
 Gametes?
RY
Ry
Rr Yy rY
ry
11-3 Exploring Mendelian CIDEB
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Alleles for
seed shape
segregated
independentl
y of those for
seed color

Principle of
independent
assortment

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Mendel´s Principles
 The inheritance of biological characteristics is
determined by individual units called genes
 In cases in which two or more forms of the
gene (alleles) for a single trait exist, some
forms of the gene may be dominant and
others may be recessive
 In most sexually reproducing organisms, each
adult has two copies of each gene (one from
each parent). These genes are segragated
from each other when gametes are formed
 The alleles for different genes segregate
independently from one another
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Incomplete Dominance
 One allele is not completely dominant
over another
 The heterozygous phenotype is
somewhere in between the two
homozygous phenotypes
Four O´clock
(Mirabilis)

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INCOMPLET
E
DOMINANCE

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 (1) What would be the offspring if

you crossed a white Mirabilis with a
pink Mirabilis?
 (2) What would be the offspring if
you crossed a red and a pink
Mirabilis?
 (3) What would be the offspring if
you crossed two pink Mirabilis (F1)?
ANSWER TO 1

ANSWER TO 2

ANSWER TO 3
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Codominance
 Both alleles
contribute to the
phenotype

In humans

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Multiple Alleles
 Genes that have more than two
alleles
 = more than two possible alleles
exist
 Example: coat color in rabbits
 1 gene: four different alleles

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Polygenic Traits
 Traits controlled by two or more genes
 They show a wide range of phenotypes
 Example: color of the eye in fruit flies, uses
three genes for making the reddish-brown
pigment

SKIN COLOR
IN HUMANS

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 Applying Mendel´s
14 Mr. Cruz

principles
 Thomas Hunt Morgan looked for a
model organism to study genetics
 Fruit fly

 Why is it an ideal organism for

genetics?
 They are small

 Easy to keep in the laboratory

 Produce large numbers of offspring in

a short
Mendel´s time apply to plants and also
principles
animals including humans

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Section 11- 3
THE END
Mr. Cruz

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UANL
 This presentation prepared by .
 M.E.C. Alejandro Cruz
 Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Educación Bilingüe
 Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

THE END

11-3 Exploring Mendelian CIDEB

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 The principle of independent

assortment states that genes for
different traits can segregate
independently during the
formation of gametes

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White-Pink
WW RW
R W

W R W
W W
W RW W
W
CLICK THE
ARROW
TO GO BACK
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Red-Pink
RR RW
R R

R RR RR

W RW RW

CLICK THE
ARROW
TO GO BACK

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Pink-Pink
RW RW R W

R RR RW

W RW W
W
CLICK THE
ARROW
TO GO BACK

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11-3 Exploring Mendelian CIDEB