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submental v, communicating v. small veins of the subcutaneous tissues behind the ear, stylomastoid v.
cavernous sinus
basilar venous plexus is variable; it communicates connects with other small intracranial sinuses that are located nearby
formed by the union of the subclavian v. and the internal jugular v.; tributaries: vertebral v., thymic v., inferior thyroid v., internal thoracic v., 1st posterior intercostal v., left superior intercostal v. (to the left brachiocephalic v.) superior ophthalmic v., cerebral vv., sphenoparietal sinus
head; neck; upper at its origin, the left brachiocephalic v. receives limb; anterior chest the thoracic duct; at its origin, the right wall brachiocephalic v. receives the right lymphatic duct
cavernous sinus
orbit, brain
cavernous sinus lies between the cranial and meningeal layers of the dura mater beside the body of the sphenoid bone; cranial nn. III, IV and V1 are in its lateral wall; the internal carotid a. and cranial n. VI are in its lumen great cerebral v. is a very short vessel
cerebral, great
straight sinus
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cerebral, inferior
cavernous sinus, transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus superior sagittal sinus
inferior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres superior aspect of the cerebral hemispheres face and anterior scalp all parts of the brain
superior cerebral vv. bleed into the subdural space when injured, resulting in a subdural hematoma; also known as: bridging vv. common facial v. may receive drainage from the lingual v. confluens of sinuses lies on the inner surface of the occipital bone; it is between the layers of dura at the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli deep facial v. is valveless
common facial
formed by the union of the anterior internal jugular v. division of the retromandibular v. and the facial v. formed by the joining of the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and occipital sinus facial v. multiple veins draining the diploe of the skull: frontal diploic, anterior temporal diploic, posterior temporal diploic, occipital diploic veins of the scalp transverse sinuses
confluens of sinuses
pterygoid venous plexus meningeal vv.; dural venous sinuses; veins of the scalp veins of the scalp; dural venous sinuses
face
bones of the cranial diploic vv. connect the venous system of the vault scalp with the dural sinuses and meningeal vv.
emissary vv.
scalp
emissary vv. are valveless and can carry blood from superficial to deep or in the reverse direction depending on blood pressure; may carry superficial infectious materials into the dural venous sinuses; there are 4 named emissary vv.: parietal, mastoid, occipital and condyloid; superior ophthalmic v. also acts as an emissary v. external jugular v. contains valves that may not be fully functional
external jugular v.
formed by the joining of the retromandibular and posterior auricular vv.; tributaries: posterior external jugular
subclavian v.
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v., transverse cervical v., suprascapular v., anterior jugular v. facial, deep facial, common facial v. pterygoid venous plexus face face and anterior scalp inferior portion of the orbit deep facial v. is valveless common facial v. may receive drainage from the lingual v. valveless; inferior ophthalmic v. connects with the pterygoid plexus through the inferior orbital fissure
formed by the union of the anterior internal jugular v. division of the retromandibular v. and the facial v. ciliary vv., veins from the muscles of the inferior part of the orbit cavernous sinus superior ophthalmic v.
all regions drained inferior petrosal sinus lies within the dura mater by the cavernous along the inferior portion of the petrous part of sinus, including the the temporal bone orbit and brain medial surfaces fo the cerebral hemispheres inferior part of the thyroid gland brain, cranial cavity, skull, face, viscera of the neck inferior sagittal sinus is directly superior to the corpus callosum in the free margin of falx cerebri inferior thyroid vv. descend on the anterior surface of the trachea internal jugular is the largest vein of the nead and neck
unites with the great cerebral v. to form the straight sinus left and right brachiocephalic vv.
inferior thyroid v. numerous tributaries from the thyroid gland, esophageal v, tracheal v., inferior laryngeal v.
internal jugular v. formed at the base of the skull where the brachiocephalic v. sigmoid sinus ends; tributaries: pharyngeal vv.; lingual v., common facial v., sternocleidomastoid v., superior thyroid v, middle thyroid v. jugular, anterior jugular, external submental v, communicating v. formed by the joining of the retromandibular and posterior auricular external jugular v. subclavian v.
anterior jugular v. is valveless external jugular v. contains valves that may not be fully functional
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vv.; tributaries: posterior external jugular v., transverse cervical v., suprascapular v., anterior jugular v. jugular, internal formed at the base of the skull where the brachiocephalic v. sigmoid sinus ends; tributaries: pharyngeal vv.; lingual v., common facial v., sternocleidomastoid v., superior thyroid v, middle thyroid v. unnamed veins of the occipital region and superior neck numerous tributaries from the thyroid gland no named tributaries ciliary vv., veins from the muscles of the inferior part of the orbit external jugular v. brain, cranial cavity, skull, face, viscera of the neck internal jugular is the largest vein of the nead and neck
jugular, posterior external middle thyroid v. occipital sinus ophthalmic, inferior ophthalmic, superior
posterior external jugular v. may join the external jugular v. at a variable level
lateral aspect of the middle thyroid v. crosses superficial to the thyroid gland common carotid a. cerebellum inferior portion of the orbit lies within the dura mater at the base of the falx cerebelli valveless; inferior ophthalmic v. connects with the pterygoid plexus through the inferior orbital fissure
nasofrontal v., anterior ethmoidal v., cavernous sinus posterior ethmoidal v., ciliary vv., central retinal v., lacrimal v., inferior ophthalmic v. cavernous sinus sigmoid sinus, at its distal end
eyeball, superior valveless; superior ophthalmic v. communicates portion of the orbit, with the angular v. ethmoidal air cells, forehead all regions drained inferior petrosal sinus lies within the dura mater by the cavernous along the inferior portion of the petrous part of sinus, including the the temporal bone orbit and brain all regions drained superior petrosal sinus lies on the petrous ridge by the cavernous within the dura mater at the line of attachment sinus, including the of the tentorium cerebelli orbit and brain
cavernous sinus
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pharyngeal venous plexus plexus, basilar venous plexus, pharyngeal venous plexus, pterygoid venous
unnamed tributaries that drain the pharyngeal wall superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
connects with the pterygoid venous plexus basilar venous plexus is variable; it communicates connects with other small intracranial sinuses that are located nearby connects with the pterygoid venous plexus
pharynx
descending palatine v., sphenopalatine v., maxillary v. infraorbital v., posterior superior alveolar v., anterior deep temporal v., posterior deep temporal v., middle meningeal v., masseteric v., inferior alveolar v. intervertebral vv.
meninges, nasal valveless; the pterygoid plexus is connected cavity, with the cavernous sinus and the pharyngeal infratemporal fossa venous plexus
plexus, vertebral venous, external plexus, vertebral venous, internal posterior auricular v.
adjacent segmental vv.; vertebral column vertebral v. in the and associated cervical region muscles adjacent segmental vv.
two plexuses are described: anterior and posterior; connects with the internal vertebral venous plexus
anterior and posterior longitudinal vertebral sinuses small veins of the subcutaneous tissues behind the ear, stylomastoid v.
spinal cord, connects with the external vertebral venous meninges, vertebral plexuses; valveless; a route for potential spread column of metastases from the pelvis to the brain region behind the ear posterior auricular v. communicates with the occipital v. behind the ear
it unites with the posterior division of the retromandibular v. to form the external jugular external jugular v.
posterior external unnamed veins of the occipital region jugular v. and superior neck retromandibular v. formed by the union of the superficial temporal v. and maxillary v.
superficial parts of the posterior head and neck side of the head and scalp; deep face
posterior external jugular v. may join the external jugular v. at a variable level retromandibular v. is contained within the parotid gland; anterior division unites with the facial v. to form the common facial v.; posterior
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division unites with the posterior auricular v. to form the external jugular v. sigmoid sinus sinus, cavernous transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus superior ophthalmic v., cerebral vv., sphenoparietal sinus internal jugular v. superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus brain; meninges orbit, brain sigmoid sinus lies within the sigmoid groove covered by dura mater cavernous sinus lies between the cranial and meningeal layers of the dura mater beside the body of the sphenoid bone; cranial nn. III, IV and V1 are in its lateral wall; the internal carotid a. and cranial n. VI are in its lumen
cavernous sinus
all regions drained inferior petrosal sinus lies within the dura mater by the cavernous along the inferior portion of the petrous part of sinus, including the the temporal bone orbit and brain medial surfaces fo the cerebral hemispheres cerebellum brain; meninges deep parts of the cerebrum, cerebellum inferior sagittal sinus is directly superior to the corpus callosum in the free margin of falx cerebri lies within the dura mater at the base of the falx cerebelli sigmoid sinus lies within the sigmoid groove covered by dura mater straight sinus lies within the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli; also known as: sinus rectus
unnamed tributaries from the falx cerebri and cerebral hemispheres no named tributaries transverse sinus, superior petrosal sinus
unites with the great cerebral v. to form the straight sinus confluens of sinuses internal jugular v.
inferior sagittal sinus, great cerebral vein, confluens of sinuses superior cerebellar vv. cavernous sinus sigmoid sinus, at its proximal end
all regions drained superior petrosal sinus lies on the petrous ridge by the cavernous within the dura mater at the line of attachment sinus, including the of the tentorium cerebelli orbit and brain cerebral hemispheres superior sagittal sinus occupies the superior part of the falx cerebri; lateral lacunae receive
confluens of sinuses
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grossly visible arachnoid granulations sinus, transverse confluens of sinuses, inferior cerebral vv. sigmoid sinus brain lies within the line of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the inner surface of the calvaria confluens of sinuses lies on the inner surface of the occipital bone; it is between the layers of dura at the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli straight sinus lies within the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli; also known as: sinus rectus
sinuses, confluens of
formed by the joining of the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and occipital sinus
transverse sinuses
straight sinus
inferior sagittal sinus, great cerebral vein, confluens of sinuses superior cerebellar vv. nasofrontal v., anterior ethmoidal v., cavernous sinus posterior ethmoidal v., ciliary vv., central retinal v., lacrimal v., inferior ophthalmic v. cavernous sinus sigmoid sinus, at its proximal end
superior ophthalmic v.
eyeball, superior valveless; superior ophthalmic v. communicates portion of the orbit, with the angular v. ethmoidal air cells, forehead all regions drained superior petrosal sinus lies on the petrous ridge by the cavernous within the dura mater at the line of attachment sinus, including the of the tentorium cerebelli orbit and brain cerebral hemispheres
inferior part of the thyroid gland lateral aspect of the thyroid gland
superior portion of the thyroid gland and surrounding structures
confluens of sinuses
superior sagittal sinus occupies the superior part of the falx cerebri; lateral lacunae receive grossly visible arachnoid granulations
inferior thyroid vv. descend on the anterior surface of the trachea middle thyroid v. crosses superficial to the common carotid a. superior thyroid v. is the only thyroid v. to accompany an artery; it crosses superficial to the common carotid a.
thyroid, middle
thyroid, superior
internal jugular v.
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formed by a high union of the right and left inferior thyroid vv.
an occasional branch; a midline structure which is in danger during tracheostomy lies within the line of attachment of the tentorium cerebelli to the inner surface of the calvaria vena comitans nervi hypoglossi accompanies CN XII two plexuses are described: anterior and posterior; connects with the internal vertebral venous plexus
vena comitans nervi hypoglossi vertebral venous plexus, external vertebral venous plexus, internal
lingual v.
tongue
adjacent segmental vv.; vertebral column vertebral v. in the and associated cervical region muscles adjacent segmental vv.
spinal cord, connects with the external vertebral venous meninges, vertebral plexuses; valveless; a route for potential spread column of metastases from the pelvis to the brain