Instrumentation in petrochemical industries are basically flowmeters, pressure transmitters, level meters, temperature instruments, and analysis instruments,

etc.
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1 Temperature Indicator 2 Pressure Measurement 3 Flowmeter 4 Level Meters 5 Analysis Instruments 6 See also 7 References

[edit]Temperature

Indicator

The measurement of temperature is a vital part of instrumentation in petrochemical industries. platinum Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD's) are often used as they are more instrictive and give a better response. Thermocouples are used in locations that need a more durable sensor. Thermocouples come in many types. [edit]Pressure

Measurement

We use a Pressure to Current converter (P/I converter)[1] in the petrochemical industries to measure and show the amount of pressure developed by the Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), crude oil, petrol, and various other petroleum byproducts. In the P/I converter, the indicated pressure can be a digital or an analog form. The main advantage is that it can be directly shown in the control panel in thecontrol room. This is also the same for temperature measurement. [edit]Flowmeter The measurement of petrol is conducted in an oil refinery when refined oil is measured before leaving the refinery. Because the refined oil is volatile, it is important to make it clear how much oil is transported at each measurement site along the pipeline. It is also true for natural gas. Therefore, the measurement of crude oil and natural gas plays an important role in oil industry. The competition in flowmeter market is extremely intense, and flowmeters generally consist of the vortext, Positive Displacement (PD),[2] Differential Pressure (DP),[3] Coriolis, and ultrasonic.[4] [edit]Level

Meters

The petroleum, natural gas, and petrochemical industries place high requirements on level measurement. Besides instruments of traditional technologies like differential pressure level meters, there are also level meters of radar, magnetostrictive, and magnetic float, etc. applied extensively.

The petroleum and gas industry is an important segment where level meters witness high growth over recent years. As China improves the industrial technologies of extracting and transporting oil, some new high-end level meters will have a wide application in this segment. One of the problems with a significant number of technologies is that they are installed through a nozzle and are exposed to products. This can create several problems, especially when retrofitting new equipment to vessels that have already been stress relieved, as it may not be possible to fit the instrument at the location required. Also, as the measuring element is exposed to the contents within the vessel, it may either attacked or coat the instrument causing it to fail in service. One of the most reliable methods for measuring level is using a Nuclear gauge, as it is installed outside the vessel and doesn't normally require a nozzle for bulk level measurement. The measuring element is installed outside the process and can be maintained in normal operation without taking a shutdown. Shutdown is only required for an accurate calibration.[5]

Instrumentation in petrochemical industries are basically flowmeters, pressure transmitters, level meters, temperature instruments, and analysis instruments, etc. Flowmeter.............. The measurement of petrol is conducted in the refinery while refined oil is measured before leaving the refinery. Because the refined oil is volatile, it is important to make it clear that how much oil is transported at each measurement site along the pipeline. It is true for natural gas. Therefore, the measurement of crude oil and natural gas plays an important role in oil industry. The competition in flowmeter market is extremely intense, and the flowmeters generally consist of the vortex, PD, DP, Coriolis and ultrasonic. According to the statistics of gongkong on users in the petroleum & petrochemical industry, there are 6 brands getting more feedback, among which Emerson is ranked as the top one in such a high-end field of instrument, followed by Yokogawa and Krohne. Additionally, E+H and ABB are also cant be ignored Level Meters.............. The petroleum & natural gas and petrochemical industries place high requirements on level measurement. Except the instruments of traditional technologies like differential pressure level meters, there are also level meters of radar, magnetostrictive, and magnetic float, etc. applied extensively. The petroleum and gas industry is an important segment where level meters witness high growth over recent years. As China improves the industrial technologies of extracting and transporting oil, some new high-end level meters will have a wide application in this segment Analysis Instruments........... The industrial chromatographs are generally used in the olefin processing of petrochemical industry. Every year, usually hundreds of sets are needed in China. However, influenced by the project cycle, it fluctuates greatly. Despite a small number of those being applied, the industrial

chromatographs cover a large proportion in the sales volume of analysis instruments because of their high prices. Furthermore, continuous gas analyzers are also widely applied to the petrochemical industry. The petroleum and gas industry is also an important sector for the growing analysis instruments over the past few years. With the improvement of industrial technologies in oil extraction and transportation in China, some analysis instruments serving to improve the product quality and industrial security are being applied increasingly. Source(s): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumenta