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Presentation Outline
Energy Resources: Conventional and Renewable. Kuwait Early Initiatives to Conserve Fossil Fuel. Suitability and Potential of Renewable Energy Technologies for Kuwait. Proposed Programs of the National Energy Center for Research and Applications. Challenges. Solutions.
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% OF TOTAL ENERGY
60 50 40 30 20 6 10 0 FOSSIL FUEL Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Hydroelectric Power Nuclear Electric Power Geothermal, Solar, Wind, Biomass and Waste 6 2 36 27 23
Energy Information Administration: International Energy Annual 2006 Table Posted: December 31, 2008
SOME FACTS AND NUMBERS FOR KUWAIT Peak Power Demand During 1992-2006
Electrical Peak Demand for Kuwait
10000 180%
160%
40% 2000
1000
20%
0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
0%
SOME FACTS AND NUMBERS FOR KUWAIT Peak Demand vs. Outdoor Temperature
Peak Dem and as a Function of Maxim umTem perature 2005
9000 8000 7000 Peak Demand (M 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Monthly Maximum Temperature (C) y = 170.07x + 438.35 R2 = 0.9658
Available electric power capacity in 2009 is 11,000 MW The demand in 2020 is forecasted to be 22,000 MW
The Challenge Energy Outlook
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(1) Ministry of Health (2) Chamber of Commerce (3) Justice Palace (4) Public Institution for Social Securities (5) Liberation Tower (6) Ministries Complex (7) Public Authority of Youth and Sports (8) State Audit Bureau Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
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Solar Cooling
Small and medium size systems (5-40 RT). Flat plate solar collectors and vapor absorption chiller. Last installation was in 1986 in MOD building.
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Solar Water Heating: Flat plate solar collectors at the roof of KISRs Main Building.
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40 32.6 30
38.8
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0 Conventional for fuel price of $90/bbl PV-Poly crystalline CPS-Parabolic trough Wind power in selected locations
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One of Kuwaits primary challenges is to develop solutions for sustainable energy supply and demand for Kuwait peak power demand is forecasted to exceed capacity. Available electric power capacity in 2009 is 11,000 MW the demand in 2020 is forecasted to be 22,000 MW.
Program Framework
Energy Efficient Building Technologies Energy Efficient Industrial Technologies Optimal National Energy Management Innovative and Alternative Energy Optimal Supply from Generation, Distribution & Transmission Reduced Fuel Use in Transport
Solution Areas
Grand Challenge
Reduce demand
Develop solutions for sustainable energy supply and demand for Kuwait
Strategy Workshop.ppt
Design methods Material selection and labelling Selection, labelling, enforcement of technology Develop / adapt new technologies Integration of renewable energy systems (per building) Installation guidelines Operation and maintenance
Develop Develop solutions solutions for for sustainable sustainable energy energy supply supply and demand and demand for for Kuwait Kuwait
Systems (appliances) Systems (electromechanical) Systems (renewable) District cooling and thermal energy storage
Strategy Workshop.ppt
Energy Supply
Develop Develop solutions solutions for for sustainable sustainable energy energy supply supply and and demand for Kuwait demand for Kuwait
Nuclear (policy) Gather data Explore and select (prefeasibility) Develop and prototype Commission, install and operate Evaluate and optimise Grid connection and distribution Hybrid systems Fuel cells Clean fuel Renewables solar (PV, CSP) Renewables wind Renewables geothermal Renewables biomass
Strategy Workshop.ppt
Technical Challenges
Verification of available resources Daily and seasonal variations Reliability of RE systems under harsh weather conditions Lack of smart electrical grid Lack of adequate codes and standards
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
Economic Challenges
Higher capital cost. Competition from conventional energy sources. Lack of short and long term planning Lack of clear Public-Private partnership Lack of financing options for RE projects.
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research
Social Challenges
Inadequate workforce skills and training. Poor public perception of RE system appearance. Fear of change and transformation Lack of information transfer and consumer awareness.
Solutions
Essential need to launch Energy Efficiency Programs for all types of Buildings. Clear role of Private sector to conduct Energy Auditing of buildings according to a TOR resulted from R&D work. A Comprehensive energy resource assessment is essential. Systematic R&D, demonstration, testing and evaluation of the different RE technologies under Kuwait conditions is required.
Solutions,
continued
A clear energy strategic plan is needed with a target (such as RE will represent 2% of total electricity generated in Kuwait by 2020). Strengthening the cooperation with the International institutions (GEF, UNDP, UNEP, EU,etc.) to enable bridging the cost / market gaps. Training and capacity building. Create a National Energy Center for Research, Development and Applications.
Thank you
Ali Ebraheem Hajiah, Ph.D. Building and Energy Technologies Department Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research ahajiah@kisr.edu.kw