Relevant Mathematics for A/L Physics

1.Symbols
= > alpha beta theta phi lambda mew tou sigma row pi equal not equal greater than much greater than less than greater than or equal

>> < -

A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE

RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 1

2.Indices
a m x a n = a m+n

a m a n = a m n

(a )

m n

= am x n

a n =

1 an

1 = an n a

3.The binomial expansion

If 1

>> x
1 nx

(1 x ) n
1. 2.

4.Units of angle
degrees (o) Radians ( rad)

Angle around the centre of a circle:

360o =
10 =

2 rad
rad

180

5.Length of an arc
s r A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 2
s = r

6.Trigonometry

b
sin = a c b cos = c a tan = b 1 2 3
sin ( 90

c a cos( 90 ) = c

)=b

4 5

(4,2 )(1,5)

sin ( 90 cos( 90

) = cos ) = sin

sin ( 90 + cos( 90 +

) = cos ) = sin

(1,2,3)

sin = tan cos

a2 b2 sin + cos = 2 + 2 c c 2 a + b2 sin 2 + cos 2 = c2 c2 sin 2 + cos 2 = 2 c

2 2

sin 2 + cos 2 = 1

The values of the remembering 0 30 45 60

sines , cosines and tangents

sin 0

listed below are worth tan 0

(0)

cos 1

1
1

2
2 2

3 1

2 2

1
1
3

A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE

RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 3

90

Positive and negative values of large angles

90

180 0,360

270

All Students Take Care

7.Perimeters, Areas and Volumes
Area of a triangle Area of a circle = 1 base .height 2 =

r2

Circumference of circle = 2 r Surface area of a sphere = Surface area of cylinder Volume of a sphere Volume of a cylinder =
4 r
2

= 4 r 3 =

2 r h
3

r 2 h

8.Useful

Mathematical constants to remember

A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE

RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 4

2 =1.414 3 =1.732 1 = 0.707 2

= 3.141 2 = 9.869 10

9.Logrithms
For logarithms to any base
log ( AxB ) = log A + log B A log = log A log B B log A n = n log A

Some useful relations are

log 10 10 x = x log e e x = x log e x = 2.3 log10 x

10.Graphes
Gradient/Slope of a graph (m) Tangent value of the angle made by a straight line in the positive x direction. Intercept of a graph (c) The distance of the intersecting point at y axis from the origin. Types of graph 1. y=mx y=mx+c 2. y =-m x 3.

A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE

RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 5

4. = -m x-c

y=mx-c

5.

y = -m x + c

6.

7.y=sin x

8.y=cos x

9.

y x=k

:k is a constant

11.Propotionality concept
Direct Proportion: 1. A B A is directly proportion to B, that means when B increases, A also
increases by the same factor. 2. A B xC

A is directly proportion to the product of B and

c, that means when

Band

increase. 3. A B 2 A is directly proportion to the square of B, that means when B increases A also increases by the square of B.
A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 6

c increase

A increases by the product of the factor Band

Inversely Proportion: 1.
A 1 B

A is inversely proportion to B, that means when B increases ,A

decreases by the same factor.
1 B2 A is inversely proportion to the square of B, that means when B increases A decreases by the square of B.

2.

A/L PHYSICS M.M.FAZEEL B.Sc M.Sc PGDE

RELEVENT MATHEMATICS 7