Unit # 1 Matrices and Determinants Examples Example # 1

If A = and B = , then find A + B

Solution
A+B= A+B= A+B= +

Example # 2
If A = and B = , then find A B

Solution
AB= AB= AB= -

Example # 3

If A =

and B =

, then find A + B

Solution
Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 1

A+B=

A+B=

A+B=

Example # 4

If A =

and B =

, then find A + B

Solution

A+B=

A+B=

A+B=

Example # 5

If A =

and B =

, then find A B

Solution

AB =

AB =

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 2

AB =

Example # 6

If A =

and B =

, then verify Commutative Law Under Addition

Solution

A+B=

A+B=

A+B= And B+A= +

B+A=

B+A= Hence , A+B=B+A

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 3

Example # 7

If A =

, B=

, C=

, then verify Associative Law Under Addition

i.e., (A + B ) + C = A + ( B + C )

Solution
L.H.S =(A+B)+C = +

= R.H.S = A + ( B + C) = +

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 4

= Hence, (A + B) + C = A + ( B + C )

Example # 8
If A = and B = , then find AB

Solution
AB = AB = AB =

Example # 9
If A = and B = , then find AB

Solution
AB = AB =

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 5

AB =

Example # 10
If A = i.e., , B= (AB) C = A (BC) and C = then verify Associative Law Under Multiplication

Solution
L.H.S = (AB) C = = = = = R.H.S = A(BC) = = = = = Hence, (AB)C = A(BC) Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 6

Example # 11
If A = Addition. i.e., (i) A(B+C) = AB + AC (ii) (A+B)C = AC + BC (Left Distributive Law) (Right Distributive Law) , B= and C = then verify Distributive Law of Multiplication over

Solution
(1) A(B+C) = AB +AC L.H.S = A(B +C) = = = = = R.H.S = AB + AC = = = = =

+ + +

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 7

Hence, A(B+C) = AB + AC (2) (A+B)C = AC + BC L.H.S = (A +B)C = = = = = R.H.S = AC + BC = = = = = Hence, (A + B)C = AC + BC + + +

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 8

Example # 12
If A = Subtraction.. i.e., (i) A(B C ) = AB - AC (ii) (A -B)C = AC - BC (Left Distributive Law) (Right Distributive Law) , B= and C = then verify Distributive Law of Multiplication over

Solution
(1) A(B-C) = AB -AC L.H.S = A(B -C) = = = = = R.H.S = AB - AC = = = = =

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 9

Hence, A(B -C) = AB - AC (2) (A-B)C = AC - BC L.H.S = (A -B)C = = = = = R.H.S = AC - BC = = = = = Hence, (A - B)C = AC - BC -

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 10

Example # 13
If A = i.e., AB = BA and B = , then verify whether Commutative Law of Multiplication holds or not?

Solution
L.H.S = AB = = = R.H.S = BA = = = Hence, AB BA

Commutative Law under Multiplication does not hold in general

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 11

Example # 14
If A = i.e., AB = BA and B = , then verify whether Commutative Law of Multiplication holds or not?

Solution
L.H.S = AB = = = R.H.S = BA = = = Hence, AB = BA Commutative Law under Multiplication hold in particular case.

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 12

Example # 15
If A = and B = , then prove that B is identity matrix of A Or Prove that AB = A = BA

Solution
AB = = = BA = = = Hence, AB = A = BA

Example # 16
If A = and B = , then verify law of transpose of product Or Prove that (AB)t = BtAt

Solution
L.H.S = (AB)t

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 13

= = = = R.H.S = BtAt = = = = Hence, (AB)t = BtAt

Example # 17
If A = , then prove that AA-1 = I = A-1A

Solution
A = = = - 6 (-1) = -6 +1 = -5 Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 14

Adj A A-1

= =

A-1 A-1 AA-1 AA-1 AA-1 AA-1 AA-1 AA-1 A-1A A-1A A-1A A-1A Hence,

= = = = = = = =I = = = =I

AA-1 = I = A-1A

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 15

Example # 18
If A = and B = , then verify (AB)-1 = A-1B-1

Solution
AB AB AB = = = = =30 =3 =3 Adj (AB)= L.H.S = (AB)-1 =

= = 0 (-3) =3 Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 16

Adj B B-1

B-1 B-1

= = = = 0 (-1) = 0+1 =1

Adj A A-1

= =

A-1 A-1 R.H.S

= = = A-1B-1 = = =

= Hence, Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 17

(AB)-1 = A-1B-1

Example # 19

If A =

and B = Or

, then prove that A + B = 0 = B + A

Prove that A and B are Additive Inverses of each other.

Solution

A+B=

A+B=

A+B= A+B=0 B+A= +

B+A=

B+A= B+A=0 Hence, A+B=0=B+A

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 18

Example # 20
If B = , then find determinant of B

Solution
= = 3 (-2) = 3+2 =5

Example # 21
If M = i.e., , then find determinant of M

Solution
= =66 =0

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 19

Example # 22
Solve the following system by using matrix inversion method. 4x 2y = 8 3x + y = -4

Solution
4x 2y = 8 3x + y = -4 = Let M= = = 4 (-6) =4+6 = 10 Adj M = M-1

M-1 M-1

= = = M-1 =

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 20

= = = Hence, x = 0 and y = -4

Example # 23
Solve the following system of linear equation by Cramers Rule. 3x 2y = 1 -2x + 3y = 2

Solution
3x 2y = 1 -2x + 3y = 2 Let A= = =94 =5 =5 = = 3 (- 4) = 3+4 Mudassar Nazar Notes Page 21 , Ax = , Ay =

=7 = = 6 (-2) = 6+2 =8

X= X=

and
and

y= y=

Example # 24
The length of a rectangle is 6 cm less than three times of its width. The perimeter of the rectangle is 140 cm. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.

Solution
Let the width of rectangle be x and length be y According to first condition Y = 3x 6 6 = 3x y 3x y = 6 According to the second condition Perimeter = 140 cm 2(x + y) = 140 X+y=

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 22

x + y = 70 The matrix form is = Let M= = = 3 (-1) = 3 +1 =4 Adj M = M-1 =

M-1 M-1

= = = M-1 = = = =

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 23

Hence, x =19 and y = 51

Width = 19 cm Length= 51 cm

Mudassar Nazar Notes

Page 24