Renz L.

Salumbre
4BIO-6

CENTRAL PATTERN GENERATOR

Definition

Generally, a central pattern generator is a lattice of neurons that functions for the

production of recurring output. Or in other words, it generates repetitive patterns.

Specifically, it is a small neural circuit in a ganglion that specifies the particular motor

output pattern for a number of physiological systems or structures for a particular

behavior pattern; it also accounts for the modulation observed moment-to-moment,

which, in turn produce several different physical actions depending on the needs of

the animal. The theory of the central pattern generator shows that there is a basic

rhythmic pattern produced in these networks, which basically translates to observable

behavior such as locomotion.

A central pattern generator, or generally rhythmic generator, have the following

attributes: Two or more processes that interact such that each process sequentially

increases and decreases; and lastly, that, as a result of this interaction, the system

repeatedly returns to its starting condition.

Below, the following diagram exhibits a typical central pattern generator in the

muscles of the wings of crickets. Central pattern generator is precisely the reason and

the working mechanism behind the characteristic pulse rhythms in the songs of

crickets generated in the meso-thoracic ganglion. A command signal is produced in

the brain that basically sets the central pattern generator going. Once started the song

pattern behavior is produced by the output of motor units from the central pattern

generator.

Properties of Central Pattern Generators

It has been shown above that what characterizes central pattern

generators is their two or more processes which sequentially

decreases or increases and the resulting interaction happening in

the generator returns the structure to its starting condition.

Role in Behavior

Central pattern generators may explain the usual functions of some

organisms. As is aforementioned, the pulse rhythm songs of crickets

are generated by the action of central pattern generators. Other

activities such as swimming, moving, walking, running or flying

account for the importance of central pattern generators. These

activities have also been shown to have been modified in response

to sensory feedback.

Some Examples of Central Pattern Generators

Central pattern generators are gaining a momentum in research

owing to its fascinating properties in how it can rationalize simple

rhythmic activities which men tend to ignore and always taken for

granted (such as chewing, etc.). Recent studies however indicates

the growing enthusiasm regarding central pattern generators and

these studies are quietly establishing the importance of making

such studies while delineating the possible consequences of such

undertakings.

For example, it has been shown that central pattern generators

modify the behavior of Lymnea stagnalis by converting the pattern

generators for feeding into pattern generators of egg-laying. Also,

some studies concern themselves in localizing the central pattern

generator, take note for example the findings that suggests spinal

circuitry in humans has the capability of generating locomotor-like

activity even when isolated from brain control, and that externally

controlled sustained electrical stimulation of the spinal cord can

replace the tonic drive generated by the brain.

Conclusion

Central pattern generators are neuronal structures that forms

lattice-like structure that accounts for the rhythmic or the usual

physical functions such as walking, swimming, chewing, etc. The

complexity of these generators are evident as they are widely

distributed among the Earth’s inhabitants. The existence of such

generators has great implications in understanding human life.

Whereas some philosophers would say that we learn thru habit will

be proven correct; conversely, some existential philosophers that

deny the possibility of such dependence on structure might perhaps

make a suggestion almost trying to enact Leibniz’s monads.