Requirement

Analysis

V M Gunda
Contents
1 What is requirement ............................................................................................................................. 3
2 Types of Requirement ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Functional Requirement: .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Non Functional Requirement:....................................................................................................... 4
3 System Determination Process ............................................................................................................. 5
4 Requirements Capture in Product Life Cycle ........................................................................................ 5
5 Requirement Life Cycle ......................................................................................................................... 6
6 Software Requirement .......................................................................................................................... 7
6.1 Requirement Elicitation ................................................................................................................ 7
7 Software Stake Holders (Requirement) ................................................................................................ 8
8 Requirement Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 8
1 What is requirement
A requirement is a property that essential for IT system to perform its functions. Requirements vary
in intent and in the kinds of properties they represent. Requirements are foundation of an IT
System.

Understanding the requirements can help establish a common understanding among the users,
customers, stake holders, and system developers so that concerns will completely address the
system‘s development.

Figure 1 Users, Customers and Stakeholders Initiate Requirement

2 Types of Requirement

Requirements

Functional Requirement Non Functional Requirement

2.1 Functional Requirement:
Functional requirements are the capabilities that the system will perform. The system performs
the input, process, and outputs for each function.

System Requirements: In a system requirements are system as a whole. In a system

containing software components, software requirements are derived from system
requirements. It also called Users requirements.

2.2 Non Functional Requirement:

It refers to the constraint on the system. Constraints are the restrictions on the system to use and
reuse certain hardware, software and communication methods.

Non Functional Requirements are categorized:

Performance Requirement: Performance requirements are the numeric values for

measurable attributes of the IT System behavior. Ex: The latency for each interruption
shall not exceed 200 microseconds.
Behavioral Requirement: These cover dynamic aspects of the system, including control,
timing, different states, and modes.
Operational Requirement: Operational Requirements define “how” the IT System will
run and communicate with human users. They cover the number of users at any time
that can access the system operator’s qualifications.
Interface Requirement: It defines the interaction between computers and humans. The
interfaces are between screen formats, available operations functions, and interface
optimization.
Safety and security Requirement: The requirement that address to Security
Quality Requirement: It defines the desired performance.
Product and Process Requirements: Product parameters are requirements on software
to be developed. Process parameter is essentially constraint on the development of the
software.
3 System Determination Process
It is the process whereby users, customers, and stakeholders determine exactly what is needed.
This process involves sub processes, such as the customer defining the requirements and the
system developer learning those requirements.

Figure 2 System Determination Process

4 Requirements Capture in Product Life Cycle

Diffusion of Customer Requirement into the product development process is essence in
Requirement Analysis phase. The figure shows the typical stake holders in the product
development process. Ambiguous requirement is converted into technical requirement but allow
the flexibility in interpretation.

Figure 3 Requirement Life Cycle

5 Requirement Life Cycle

Requirement

Product
Initiation
Devlivery

Integration and
Elicitation
Testing

Analysis Definition

Allocation Documentation

Development
Baseline
Testing
 6 Software Requirement

Figure 4 Break Down for Software Requirement

6.1 Requirement Elicitation

Requirement elicitation is the process of gathering, negotiation and understanding requirements.
It is the first stage in building and understanding the system.
Requirement Requirement
Proposal Communication
n

Requirement What
Clarification Analyst Requirements

System Developers

Feedback

Figure 5 Requirement Elicitation Process

 Guidelines for Successful Requirement Eliciting:

Interviews
Scenarios
Prototypes
Facilitated meetings
Observation
Requirement negotiation
Requirement models
Requirement prototyping
Rapid Prototyping

7 Software Stake Holders (Requirement)

These are typically stake holders of software product

Users
Customers
Market Analysis
Product Manager
System Architecture
Software Architecture
Hardware Architecture
Program Manager
Project Manager
Designer Engineer
Software Engineer

8 Requirement Analysis
This topic is concerned with the process of analyzing requirements to

Detect and Resolve conflicts between requirement

Discover the bounds of software and how it must interact with its environment
Elaborate System requirements to derive software requirements
Requirement Analysis contains several steps:

Requirement Classification: Requirement Classification is important step in Requirement

Analysis.
o Whether the requirement is functional or non functional
o Whether requirement is derived from one or more high level requirement s or an
emergent property or imposed directly on the software by a stakeholder or some
other sources
o Whether the requirement is on the product or the process.
o Requirement Priority
o The scope of requirement
o Volatility or Stability
Conceptual Modeling: The development of models of a real world problem is a key to
software requirement analysis.
o Conceptual model comprise models of entities from the problem domain
configured to reflect their real world relationships and dependencies.
o Several kinds of models can be developed. These includes
 Data and control flows
 State models
 Event traces
 User Interactions
 Object Models
 Data Models
o The factors that influence the choice of model include
 The nature of the problem
 The expertise of the software problem
 The process requirements of the customer
 The availability of methods and tools
Architectural Design and Requirements Allocation
o At some point, the architecture of solution must be derived.
o Architectural design is the point at which the requirement process overlaps with
software or system design and illustrates how impossible it is to cleanly decouples
two tasks
Requirement Negotiation