Structural Engineering Department

Fourth Year Civil 2011-2012

Model Answer (9)

Metallic Bridges
Composite Design
Roadway Bridge
Straining Actions:
MD.L.1 = 688 t.m
MD.L.2 = 105.6 t.m.

(Superimposed Dead load)

ML.L.+I = 775.2 t.m.

QD.L.1 = 86 ton
QD.L.2 = 13.2 ton

(Superimposed Dead load)

QL.L.+I = 100.5 ton

Assumed Section:
Use the same web dimensions as before, as composite action does not affect upon the
shear design.
Web Plate: 2500x14 mm
Upper Flange Plate: 500x22 mm
Web Plate: 650x36 mm
Effective Slab Width:
bER = bEL = min.

span/8 = 32/8 = 4m
spacing/2 = 5.5/2 = 2.75m
6ts = 6x0.25 = 1.5m

Structural Engineering Department

Fourth Year Civil 2011-2012

Total Effective width = 150 + 150 = 300cm

Assuming fcu = 300kg/cm2 n = 9
Properties of Steel Section Only:
Yus = 150 cm
Is = 6974637 cm4
Zus = 46507.9 cm3
ZLs = 65902.2 cm3
Properties of Composite Section (n = 9):
Yus = 86.3 cm
Is = 16968979.46 cm4
Zus = 276697.6 cm3
ZLs = 87256.1 cm3
Zc = 196566.7 cm3
Properties of Composite Section (n = 3x9 = 27):
Yus = 128.6 cm
Is = 12207136.8 cm4
Zus = 117875.4 cm3
ZLs = 80183.3 cm3
Zc = 94953.1 cm3
Design Considering Non-Shored Construction

Load

D.L.1

D.L.2

L.L.+I

Total

Upper Steel (t/cm2) Lower Steel (t/cm2)

Upper Concrete
(kg/cm2)

688x100/46507.9 =

688x100/65902.2 =

1.48

1.04

105.6x100/117875.4

105.6x100/80183.3

105.6x100/94953.1

= 0.09

= 0.13

x1000/27 = 4.1

775.2x100/276697.6

775.2x100/87256.1

775.2x100/196566.7

= 0.28

= 0.89

x1000/9 = 43.9

1.85

2.06

48

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Structural Engineering Department

Fourth Year Civil 2011-2012
Check on Compression flange
Total stress = 1.85 t/cm2 < 2.1 t/cm2 O.k.
Stresses due to D.L. only = 1.57 t/cm2
Compression flange is laterally supported by upper bracing: Lu = 2.667m
rt = (2.2*503/12)/(50*2.2+250*1.4/6) = 11.7
Lu/rt = 266.7/11.7 = 22.9 < 188/fy = 99
FL.T.B2 = [0.64-22.92x3.6/(1.176x105)]x3.6 = 2.25 t/cm2

> fD.L

Check on Tension flange

Total stress = 2.06 t/cm2 < 2.1 t/cm2 O.k.
Fatigue Check: fsr = 0.5x0.89 = 0.45 t/cm2 < Fsr = 1.02 t/cm2
ADTT > 2500, No. of cycles = 2x106
Detail Class : B'
Check on Upper Concrete
Total stress = 48 kg/cm2

O.K.

Design Considering Shored Construction

Load

D.L.1

D.L.2

L.L.+I

Total

Upper Steel (t/cm2) Lower Steel (t/cm2)

Upper Concrete
(kg/cm2)

688x100/117875.4

688x100/80183.3 =

688x100/196566.7

= 0.58

0.86

x1000/9 = 38.9

105.6x100/117875.4

105.6x100/80183.3

105.6x100/196566.7

= 0.09

= 0.13

x1000/9 = 5.97

775.2x100/276697.6

775.2x100/87256.1

775.2x100/196566.7

= 0.28

= 0.89

x1000/9 = 43.9

0.95

1.88

88.8

Structural Engineering Department

Fourth Year Civil 2011-2012

Design of Shear Connectors

Qc = 0.5x86+13.2+100.5 = 156.7 ton
Shear / unit length () = 156.7x 82333.33/16968979.4 = 0.76 t/cm
Sc = (300x25/9)x(25/2+86.3) = 82333.33 cm3
Using Stud Connectors
Rsc = 0.17Asc(fcuEc)0.5 = 0.17x4.52 (0.3x200)0.5 = 5.95 t
Using M24, using 3 studs/ row: Asc = 4.52 cm2
Rsc = 0.58x2.4x4.52 = 6.3 t
Required Spacing between studs: e = 5.95x3/0.76 = 23.5 cm
Fatigue Consideration:
sr = 0.5x100.5 x 82333.33/16968979.4 = 0.24 t/cm
Rw = 0.4 x4.52 = 1.808 t
Required Spacing between studs: e = 1.808x3/0.24 = 22.6 cm Governs
emin = 6xd = 6x2.4 =14.4 cm
emax = min (60cm, 3x25 = 75cm, 4x10 = 40cm) = 40 cm
Then, use studs at 20cm.