PERTAPAKAN SHTI DI PULAU PINANG

Disediakan Oleh : PN. HJH. ROSIAH BT. HASAN

Sumber Rujukan dan Penghargaan: Sejarah Tingkatan 2 DBP Gred A Sejarah KBSM Tingkatan 1 2 3 Cerdik Publications Encarta Encyclopedia Rujukan Internet

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1.1 PERTAPAKAN SYARIKAT HINDIA TIMUR INGGERIS (SHTI) DI PULAU PINANG

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PULAU PINANG - Sumber internet

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1. Pulau Pinang pada ketika itu adalah sebahagian daripada kerajaan Kedah. 2. Kedah menarik minat SHTI kerana merupakan sebuah kerajaan maritim yang kuat. 3. Hasrat SHTI terhalang kerana Kedah terletak di bawah pengaruh Siam. 4. Pada masa yang sama SHTI perlukan sebuah pelabuhan di Asia Tenggara. 5. Pulau Pinang menarik minat SHTI kerana memenuhi kriteria yang diperlukan oleh SHTI.
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ASIA TENGGARA - Sumber internet

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FAKTOR PERTAPAKAN BRITISH DI PULAU PINANG

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i. Kedudukan Pulau Pinang yang strategik a. Pulau Pinang terletak di tengah-tengah jalan perdagangan antara China dan India.

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ii. Pangkalan Tentera a. British dan Perancis berlumba-lumba menguasai perdagangan di India. b. British perlukan Pulau Pinang sebagai pangkalan tentera untuk mempertahankan petempatan British di India dari serangan Perancis.

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iii. Pusat Pengumpulan Barangan a. Teh dari China amat diperlukan kerana permintaan dan harga yang tinggi di Eropah. b. China pula perlukan sumber galian dan lada hitam. c. Jadi, Pulau Pinang sesuai dijadikan pusat pengumpulan dan pengedaran barangan antara dua kumpulan pedagang ini.

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LADA HITAM - Sumber internet

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iv. Pelabuhan Persinggahan a. Kedudukan Pulau Pinang yang terlindung dari tiupan angin monsun b. Pelabuhan Pulau Pinang juga menyediakan kemudahan - makanan dan minuman - membaiki kapal c. Jadi, Pulau Pinang sesuai dijadikan pelabuhan persinggahan untuk British dan China.

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KEDAULATAN KEDAH TERCABAR

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i. Pulau Pinang merupakan sebahagian dari wilayah Kedah yang ketika itu sedang menikmati kemakmuran dari segi maritim. ii. Kedah merupakan sebuah pelabuhan entrepot yang penting ketika itu. Kedah juga menjadi pusat perdagangan antarabangsa yang maju. iii. Hal ini membawa ancaman yang besar kepada Kedah.

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iv. Ancaman Bugis a. Perebutan kuasa berlaku di dalam istana. b. Sultan Muhammad Jiwa melantik Tunku Abdullah sebagai Raja Muda dan tindakan baginda menimbulkan kemarahan kerabat yang lain kerana Tunku Abdullah bukan anak gahara. c. Kerabat raja ini berpakat dengan Bugis di Selangor. - serang Kuala Kedah dan Alor Setar - Sultan Muhammad Jiwa undur ke Kangar - minta bantuan Jourdain Sullivan dan de Souza

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d. Francis Light dihantar untuk berunding dengan Sultan Muhammad Jiwa pada tahun 1771. e. Perjanjian ditandatangani antara Sultan dan Francis Light: - membenarkan firma berdagang di Kuala Kedah. - firma menghantar bantuan jika Kedah diancam. f. Sultan membatalkan perjanjian ini apabila firma mungkir janji untuk menghantar bantuan apabila diperlukan.

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PATUNG FRANCIS LIGHT - Sumber internet

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v. Ancaman Siam a. Kedah menghentikan penghantaran bunga emas ke Siam apabila berlaku peperangan antara Siam dan Burma dari 1753-1781. b.Siam menuntut kembali bunga emas, wang dan tenaga manusia daripada Kedah setelah tamat peperangan dengan Burma. c. Sultan Abdullah enggan tunduk pada tuntutan Siam lantas meminta bantuan SHTI

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BUNGA EMAS - Sumber internet

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d. Sultan Abdullah menawarkan Pulau Pinang sebagai balasan bantuan SHTI e. Francis Light melihat potensi Pulau Pinang sebagai - pelabuhan - pangkalan tentera. f. SHTI menerima tawaran Sultan Abdullah walaupun ketika itu mereka menjalin hubungan perdagangan dengan Siam.

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GAMBARAN KEADAAN PULAU PINANG - Sumber internet

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