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Fascism is a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. Fascism is a form of nationalistic and authoritarian government and was initially emerged in Italy under Benito Mussolini in 1919. The rise of fascism in Italy and Germany can be tied to social unrest, economic strain and general frustration with the rest of the world following World War I.
Nazism
Nazism, commonly known as National Socialism refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler and the policies adopted by the government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. In 1928 Hitlers Nazi Party was a small, insignificant party. They enjoyed little success in elections and were viewed as little more than thugs by the political elite. By 1933 however Hitler was the chancellor of Germany. The Nazis had risen from obscurity to power, total power.
-German naval forces will be limited to 15,000 men, six battleships, six cruisers, 12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats. No submarines are to be included -The import and export of weapons is prohibited. -Poison gas, armed aircraft, tanks and armoured cars are prohibited. -Blockades on ships are prohibited. -Restrictions on the manufacture of machine guns and rifles. Territorial Clauses Land was taken away from Germany and given to other countries. Anschluss (union with Austria) was forbidden.
The German people were very unhappy about the treaty and thought that it was too harsh. Germany could not afford to pay the money and during the 1920s the people in Germany were very poor. There were not many jobs and the price of food and basic goods was high. People were dissatisfied with the government and voted to power a man who promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles. His name was Adolf Hitler. 4- Hitler's Promise for the Revival of Old Glory. The humiliating treatment meted out to Germany under the Treaty of Versailles was greatly resented by the German people and army and they wanted to see Germany rise to the glory which it once enjoyed. Hitler's great ability as an orator, politician and organizer influenced the people of Germany and he was elected as chancellor of Germany. 5- Growing Danger of Communism. The growing strength of the Communists in Germany was also exploited by the Nazis to strengthen their position. After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the Communist influence in Germany considerably increased. 6- Anti-Semitic Propaganda. The anti-Semitic propaganda carried on by the Nazi Party also contributed to its popularity. The Nazi Party described the Jews as traitors who conspired with the Allies during the war and could again commit treason against Germany. 7- Absence of unity among Opposition Parties. The rise of Nazi Party in German was also facilitated due to lack of any strong opposition party or unity among the opposition parties. As a result the Nazi Party did not encounter any effective resistance and gained smooth popularity. 8- Establishment of Volunteer Corps. Finally, the development of Nazism in Germany was greatly facilitated by the establishment of the volunteer corps. Under the peace settlement the number of forces of Germany was considerably curtailed and a large number of German soldiers were thrown out of employment.
The Nazi Party roped in all these soldiers and organized volunteer corps, which served as party army. The party army was divided into two wings. One wing wore brown shirts and red batch on the left arm with swastika sign. The other wing which consisted of the chosen members of the party wore black shirts. These party army members propagated the programme of the Nazi Party and worked for safeguarding its interests. These cops rendered great service to the popularization of the Nazi Party.