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FOUNDATIONS
By- Kokebe Yifru -Adama University Department of Civil Engineering & Arc- 20010/2011
2. FOUNDATIONS
2.1 Introduction | All engineered construction resting on the earth must be carried by some kind of interfacing element called a foundation.
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The foundation is the part of an engineered system that transmits to, and into, the underlying soil or rock the loads supported by the foundation and its self-weight.
2. FOUNDATIONS
2.1 Introduction
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The term superstructure is commonly used to describe the engineered part of the system bringing load to the foundation, or substructure.
2. FOUNDATIONS
A building has two basic parts | Sub-structure | Super-structure
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A FOUNDATION is a part of a building which is in direct contact with the ground to support the weight of the building and other loads and transmits the loads to underlying soil or rock.
2. FOUNDATIONS
Even distribution of load of the structure over a large bearing area so as to bring the intensity of loading within the safe bearing capacity of the foundation soil. To Load the bearing surface at a uniform rate so as to prevent unequal settlement
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Shall be constructed to Sustain the loads ( dead & imposed ) and to transmit to the sub soil safely.
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Nature of the soil Size and weight of the structure Variation of ground water level (due to season); and Building laws
A foundation is Shallow if its depth is equal to or less than its width. Deep foundations, the depth is greater than its width. (Terzaghi)
A shallow foundation is known as an open foundation as they are constructed by open excavation. Those foundations which have depth even greater than its width, but constructed by way of open excavation also come under Shallow foundation. A shallow foundation is often selected when the structural load will not cause excessive settlement of the underlying soil layers.
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
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Combined Footing
Reinforced concrete combined footings carry more than one column load . Are often Rectangular or trapezoidal (for unequal load) in plan view.
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Combined footing
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
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2)Spread footing (open trench foundation)
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Used for load-bearing walls. | Are usually long reinforced concrete members of uniform width and shallow depth.
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SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
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2)Spread footing
b) Pad Footing-isolated for column | ~ Spread footings are often square in plan view, are of uniform reinforced concrete thickness, and are used to support a single column load located directly in the center of the footing.
SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
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3) Strap footing (cantilever footing)
If two independent footings of two columns are connected by a beam | May be used where the distance b/n the columns is so great that a combined footing is not used. | And, Near property line N.B- strap beam does not remain in
Contact with soil. But, serve to transfer the column loads with equal and uniform soil pressure under both footings.
Suitable where the ground conditions are very poor and bearing capacity of the soil is so low that individual spread footings can not be provided.
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FOUNDATIONS
Assignment 1. Name the different types of foundations you recommend under different situations and the soil. Explain them briefly. (max 10 pages) Summary By Group 2
Thank You!!