Green Computing

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GREEN COMPUING

Author: Ms. Priyanka Kotwani

3rd yr, CSE, JIET-SETG Email id: Priyanka.kotwani21@gmail.com

Under the Supervision of

Ms. Suman Goyal

Sr. Lecturer, CSE, JIET Email id: goyalsuman17@gmail.com

1. JIET

Introduction

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Green Computing
2.

Why Green Computing is Needed

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3. Core Objectives of Green Computing 4. Approaches to Green Computing

4.1 Virtualization 4.2 Power Management 4.3 Power Supply 4.4 Storage 4.5 Display 4.6 Materials Recycling 4.7 Telecommuting 4 5 5 5 6 6 6

5. NComputing - an architecture that changes the green equation

5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per user 5.2 Air conditioningthe hidden environmental cost 5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills 7 7 8

6. Future of Green Computing 7. Conclusion 8. Bibliography

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Green Computing Green Computing Abstract

As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos and electronic items, energy issues will get a serious ring in the coming days. If we think computers are nonpolluting and consume very little energy we need to think again. Green computing is the term used to denote efficient use of resources in computing. This term generally relates to the use of computing resources in conjunction with minimizing environmental impact, maximizing economic viability and ensuring social duties. Green computing is very much related to other similar movements like reducing the use of environmentally hazardous materials like CFCs, promoting the use of recyclable materials, minimizing use of non-biodegradable components, and encouraging use of sustainable resources. This seminar report gives a general overview on the current state of opportunities lie in green technology and organizations which are seeing it as a way to create new profit centers while trying to help the environmental cause and several formations that we can explore in it in coming future. The plan towards green IT should include new electronic products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options towards energy savings. systemsefficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment." As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos and electronic items, energy issues will get a serious ring in the coming days, as the public debate on carbon emissions, global warming and climate change gets hotter. The average PC wastes about half the energy provided to it, according to the Climate Savers Computing Initiative, an industry group dedicated to reducing greenhouse-gas emissions The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste. Research continues into key areas such as making the use of computers as energy-efficient as possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiency-related computer technologies.

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Why Green Computing is needed?

1. Introduction
Green computing or green IT, refers to environmentally sustainable computing or IT. Dr. San Murugesan a Senior Consultant defines the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystemssuch as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications
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IT Executives are at last coming under increasing pressure to deliver a Green IT or Green Computing Strategy. Executive boards are finally recognizing there can be a genuine competitive advantage in adopting green issues and signing up to a low carbon emissions footprint. Having a Green IT Strategy can directly affect the view of the organizations customers. Customers will clearly continue to evaluate suppliers based on product/service offerings and their costs, however, if all else is equal, then choosing a supplier with a low carbon policy can be a key differentiator. Most people do want to support green issues and adopting suppliers with low-carbon strategies helps buyers to feel good about their decisions.
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Green IT also brings with it direct cost benefits for the organization, making it an easier sell to the more sceptical boards of directors. With a Green Computing or IT Strategy we can reduce equipment, power, air-conditioning, and support costs. This applies throughout the enterprise not just in data-centers or our server rooms but desktop computers as well. Computer virtualization is the process of running two or more logical computer systems on one set of physical hardware. With virtualization, a system administrator could combine several physical systems into virtual machines on one single, powerful system, thereby unplugging the original hardware and reducing power and cooling consumption. One of the primary goals of almost all forms of virtualization is making the most efficient use of available system resources.

3. Core Objectives of Green Computing Strategies

Minimizing energy consumption Purchasing green energy Reducing the paper and other consumables used Minimizing equipment disposal requirements Reducing travel requirements for employees/customers

4. Approaches Computing

to

Green

Virtualization highlights the idea of Green Computing; by consolidating servers and maximizing CPU processing power on other servers. Storage virtualization makes it possible for systems to access a shared storage subsystem. Its clear that this approach would reduce the number of storage devices needed, the amount of power required, the heat produced and, as a wonderful side effect, would reduce the operational and administrative costs of back up, archival storage etc.

4.2 Power Management: 4.1 Virtualization:

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Lower power consumption also means lower heat dissipation, which increases system
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stability, and less energy use, which saves money and reduces the impact on the environment. The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), an open industry standard, allows an operating system to directly control the power saving aspects of its underlying hardware. This allows a system to automatically turn off components such as monitors and hard drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition, a system may hibernate, where most components (including the CPU and the system RAM) are turned off. ACPI is a successor to an earlier Intel-Microsoft standard called Advanced Power Management, which allows a computer's BIOS to control power management functions. Power management for computer systems are desired for many reasons, particularly: P rolong battery life for portable and embedded systems. Reduce cooling requirements. Reduce noise. Reduce operating costs for energy and cooling.

Climate savers computing initiative promotes energy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by encouraging development and use of more efficient power supplies

4.4 Storage:
There are three routes available, all of which vary in cost, performance, and Capacity. The most conventional route is the 3.5" desktop hard drive. For laying focus on reduced power consumption reduced RAM low power idle mode with fixed rotation speed have come in scene. Its advantage is highest possible capacity plus the best performance. The second option is to use a 2.5" laptop hard drive. These consume less power than larger disks as a result of their smaller platters, smaller motors, and firmware The lowest-power option is to use a solid state hard drive (SSD), which typically draw less than one-third the power of a 2.5" disk. The latest, highest-performance SSDs are very fast and consume less energy

4.3 Power Supply:

Power supplies in most computers (PSUs for short) aren't designed for energy efficiency. In fact, most computers drain more power than they need during normal operation, leading to higher electrical bills and a more dire environmental impact. The 80 Plus program is a voluntary certification system for power-supply manufacturers. If a PSU meets the certification, it will use only the power it needs at a given Load i.e. it won't use more power than it needs. Various initiatives are underway to improve the efficiency of computer power supplies.

4.5 Displays:

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and hexavalent chromium out of landfills. Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges, paper, and batteries may be recycled as well. Obsolete computers are a valuable source for secondary raw materials, if treated properly, however if not treated properly they are a major source of toxins and carcinogens.

4.7 Telecommuting:
LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display. Some newer displays use an array of lightemitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of electricity used by the display. LCD monitors uses three times less when active, and ten times less energy when in sleep mode. LCDs are up to 66% more energy efficient than CRTs, LCDs are also upwards of 80% smaller in size and weight, leading to fuel savings in shipping. LCDs produce less heat, meaning you'll need less AC to keep cool.LCD screens are also easier on the eyes. Their lower intensity and steady light pattern result in less fatigue versus CRTs. Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies are often implemented in green computing initiatives. The advantages are many; increased worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel, and increased profit margins as a result of lower overhead costs for office space, heat, lighting, etc

4.6 Materials Recycling:

Rather than traveling great distances, in order to have a face-face meeting, it is now possible to teleconference instead, using a multiway video phone. Each member of the meeting, or each party, can see every other member on a screen or screens, and can talk to them as if they were in the same room. This brings enormous time and cost benefits, as well as a reduced impact on the environment by lessening the need for travel - a damaging source of carbon emissions.

Computer recycling refers to recycling or reuse of a computer or electronic waste Additionally, parts from outdated systems may be salvaged and recycled through certain retail outlets and municipal or private recycling centers. Recycling computing equipment can keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury,
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5. NComputing - an architecture that changes the green equation

NComputing systems are a major leap forward in green computing. More than 15,000
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organizations in over 80 countries have used NComputing to slash their carbon footprint and electric consumption. The NComputing solution is based on a simple fact: todays PCs are so powerful that the vast majority of applications only use a small fraction of the computers capacity. NComputings virtualization software and hardware tap this unused capacity so that it can be simultaneously shared by multiple users. which translates to over 1 metric ton of CO2 emissions per year.

5.2 Air conditioningthe hidden environmental cost

The NComputing virtualization software works on a standard Windows or Linux1 PC. Each users monitor, keyboard, and mouse connect to the shared PC through a small and durable NComputing access device. The device itself has no CPU, memory, or moving partsso it is easy to deploy and maintain. It also consumes very little power. A single PC generates more heat than a 100 watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or office with PCs warms up very quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost always have to be air conditioned. Air conditioners raise electricity costs and require large capital expenditures to buy, install, and maintain them. In comparison, a room equipped with PCs and NComputing access devices generates 90% less heat and does not require additional air conditioning.

5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per user

PCs typically consume between 110 to 200 watts of electricity. In contrast, NComputing access devices consume next to nothing. In fact, NComputings L-series devices consume 5 watts per added user and the X-series consume just 1 watt per added user. If you replace seventy PCs with ten PCs attached to sixty NComputing X-series access devices, you would save over 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh),
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5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills

It is found out lately that while electronic waste represents only 2% of trash in landfills, it represents 80% of the toxic waste. NComputing greatly reduces the magnitude of this problem. In sheer weight, PCs generate much more waste than virtual desktops. A typical PC
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weighs about 21 pounds (9.5 kg); an NComputing access device weighs about 1/3 of a pound (0.15 kg), for a 98% reduction in electronic waste. An NComputing access device also has a much longer useful life than a PC. When a shared PC is replaced with a newer one, the PC may go to a landfill, but the NComputing users can keep their access devices and enjoy the boost in performance from the new PC. So whereas PCs might be upgraded every three years or so, access devices could easily last five years or more. With less frequent turnover, less equipment ends up in landfills. NComputing access devices are also compliant with RoHS regulations, which restrict the use of lead and other harmful metals. attaching up to 10 monitors, mice and keyboards. This makes it possible to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 15 tons per year per system and reduce electronic waste by up to 80%. Userful has recently stated that in the last year their software has saved over 13,250* tons of CO2 emissions, the equivalent of taking 2,300 cars off the road. Another approach for future Green Computing is building big more and more data centers where data center refers to a centralized repository, either physical or virtual, for the storage, management, and dissemination of data and information organized around a particular body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular business.

7. Conclusion 6. Future of Green Computing

The plan towards green IT should include new electronic products and services with optimum efficiency and all possible options towards energy savings. That is enterprise wise companies are laying emphasis on moving towards Eco Friendly Components in Computers, the use of eco-friendly sustainable components will become the norm rather than the exception in future. To this approach for an instance - A Canadian Company, Userful Inc. (www.userful.com) have come up with a solution that turns 1 computer into 10 - Discover Station. Quickly becoming the standard for green computing worldwide, Discover Station leverages the unused computing power of modern PCs to create an environmentally efficient alternative to traditional desktop computing. Multiple users can work on a single computer by simply
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So far, consumers haven't cared about ecological impact when buying computers, they've cared only about speed and price. But as Moore's Law marches on and computers commoditize, consumers will become pickier about being green. Devices use less and less power while renewable energy gets more and more portable and effective. New green materials are developed every year, and many toxic ones are already being replaced by them. So green computing is a mindset that asks how we can satisfy the growing demand for network computing without putting such pressure on the environment. There is an alternative way to design a processor and a system such that we don't increase demands on the environment, but still provide an increased amount of processing capability to customers to satisfy their business needs. Green computing is not about going out and designing biodegradable packaging for products. Now the time came to think about the efficiently use of computers and the resources
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which are non renewable. It opens a new window for the new entrepreneur for harvesting with E-waste material and scrap computers. The greenest computer will not miraculously fall from the sky one day; itll be the product of years of improvements. The features of a green computer of tomorrow would be like: efficiency, manufacturing & materials, recyclability, service model, selfpowering, and other trends. Green computer will be one of the major contributions which will break down the 'digital divide', the electronic gulf that separates the information rich from the information poor.

8. Bibliography

file:///D:/15%20sept%20ppt/Green %20computing%20-%20Wikipedia, %20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/7881 3/AJ18_EN.pdf www.technopreneur.net/information.../Green %20Computing.pdf www.computeruser.com/.../the-futureof-green-computing.html www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputin g%20Technology%20White%20Paper %202-2-07.pdf www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_center www.brighthub.com/environment/greencomputing/.../73844.aspx

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