Sinh tng hp bo tn t nhin tranh ci li hay hi

Can Synthetic Biology Save Wildlife? From Re-Creating Extinct Species to the Risk of Genetically Modified Super-Species
Apr. 2, 2013 What effects will the rapidly growing field of synthetic biology have on the conservation of nature? The ecological and ethical challenges stemming from this question will require a new and continuing dialogue between members of the synthetic biology and biodiversity conservation communities, according to authors of a new paper.

According to the paper, the field of synthetic biology -- a discipline that utilizes chemically synthesized DNA to create organisms that address human needs -- is developing rapidly, with billions of dollars being invested annually. Many extol the virtues of synthetic biology as providing potential solutions to human health problems, food security, and energy needs.

Advocates also see in synthetic biology tools for combating climate change and water deficits. Critics warn that genetically modified organisms could pose a danger to native species and natural ecosystems. The paper's authors assert that, in any scenario, a dialogue on how to use and restrict synthetic biology methods and products must be initiated for the benefit of the world's societies and decision makers. The authors of the essay -- published in the online journal PLOS Biology -- include: Kent Redford of the Wildlife Conservation Society and Archipelago Consulting; Bill Adams of the University of Cambridge; and Georgina M. Mace of University College London (UCL). "At present, the synthetic biology and conservation communities are largely strangers to one another, even though they both share many of the same concerns and goals," said Kent Redford, lead author of the article. "An open discussion between the two communities is needed to help identify areas of collaboration on a topic that will likely change the relationship of humans with the natural world." The authors of the paper, along with other scientists and conservationists, will discuss the potential implications that synthetic biology may have on the natural world and conservation at the Synthetic Biology and Conservation Conference, convening at Clare College in Cambridge, England, on April 9-11. John Robinson, WCS Chief Conservation Officer, said: "Synthetic biology is an extremely important and burgeoning field, but its consequences to biodiversity and conservation are currently poorly understood. By bringing together the best thinkers in these two disciplines we hope to gain a better understanding on synthetic biology's opportunities -- and potential impacts -- to conservation." Co-author Bill Adams of the University of Cambridge, said: "Our strategies for conserving ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity, formulated over the past century, are profoundly challenged by synthetic biology. The implications of this emerging field must be incorporated into conservation theory and practice if efforts to save biodiversity are to be effective." The authors explain the need for new strategies in the conservation community to cope with the challenges of synthetic biology. They highlight five emerging issues requiring discussions and policy decisions by conservation scientists and practitioners. They include: The possibilities of recreating extinct species. How synthetic organisms will interact with existing species. Our current definition of what "natural" is. Using synthetic biology to produce natural services for humans (e.g. carbon sequestration, pollution control). The use of synthetic life for private benefits, as in the applications for industrial processes, agriculture, and aquaculture; how will a balance be struck between private risk and gain vs. public benefit and safety? Co-author Georgina M. Mace of the Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, UCL, said: "The discussion between conservation and synthetic biology is a necessary one. We need to have a clear-eyed examination of the issues and decisions that could alter life on Earth." Share this story on Facebook, Twitter, and Google: Other social bookmarking and sharing tools: Share on redditShare on stumbleuponShare on pinterest_shareShare on bloggerShare on diggShare on farkShare on linkedinShare on myspaceShare on newsvine| 32 Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wildlife Conservation Society. Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above. Journal Reference: 1. Kent H. Redford, William Adams, Georgina M. Mace. Synthetic Biology and Conservation of Nature: Wicked Problems and Wicked Solutions. PLoS Biology, 2013; 11 (4): e1001530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530

Sinh tng hp bo tn t nhin cuc tranh ci li hay hi Nh nhng thnh qu vt bc ca cng ngh sinh hc m ngnh sinh hc ni chung c nhng tin b mnh m. Bng chng c th l nh cng ngh m ngnh sinh tng hp c th v trong tng lai hon ton c th tai to loi tuyt chng hoc cc ging loi mi. Tuy vy, s pht trin qu nhanh ny cng t ra nhiu vn cn phi tranh lun bo m tng lai lu di v bn vng ca s sng trn tri t.

Nhng hiu ng ca cc lnh vc pht trin nhanh chng ca sinh tng hp s c bo tn thin nhin khng ? Nhng thch thc sinh thi v o c bt ngun t cu hi ny s i hi mt cuc i thoi mi v tip tc gia cc thnh vin ca sinh hc tng hp v cng ng bo tn a dng sinh hc, theo tc gi ca bi bo mi. Theo t bo, lnh vc sinh hc tng hp - mt ngnh hc m s dng DNA ha hc tng hp to ra cc sinh vt nhm gii quyt cc nhu cu ca con ngi, ang c pht trin nhanh chng, c u t hng nm hng t la. C nhiu li ca tng mt nhn o ca sinh tng hp nh l cung cp cc gii php tim nng cho vn sc khe con ngi, an ninh lng thc v nhu cu nng lng.

Nhng ngi ng h sinh tng hp cng cn tm thy trong hng ny cc cng c chng bin i kh hu v thiu nc. Nhng cn nhng ngi ch trch th cnh bo rng cc sinh vt bin i gen c th gy nguy him cho cc loi bn a v h sinh thi t nhin. Cc tc gi ca bi bo ny [Kent H. Redford, William
Adams, Georgina M. Mace. Synthetic Biology and Conservation of Nature: Wicked Problems and Wicked Solutions. PLoS Biology, 2013; 11 (4): e1001530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001530

] khng nh rng ti lc

chng ta cn phi khi ng bt k hnh thc no, hay mt cuc i thoi v cch s dng v hn ch phng php sinh tng hp v cc sn phm ca n v li ch ca x hi ton cu v cn cho c nhng ngi quyt nh ra chnh sch. Cc tc gi ca bi lun c cng b trong tp ch trc tuyn PLoS Biology - bao gm: Kent Redford ca Hip hi bo tn ng thc vt hoang d v qun o T vn, Bill Adams ca i hc Cambridge, v Georgina M. Mace ca i hc College London (UCL). Theo ng Kent Redford, tc gi chnh ca bi bo th, "Hin nay, sinh tng hp v cng ng bo hot ng tn phn ln l nhng ngi xa l vi nhau, mc d c hai u c chia s rt nhiu nhng mi quan tm v mc tiu tng t nhau". V th "Cn c mt cuc tho lun m gia hai cng ng gip xc nh cc lnh vc hp tc v mt ch m c th s lm thay i mi quan h ca con ngi vi th gii t nhin." Theo cc tc gi ca bi bo, cng vi cc nh khoa hc khc v cc nh bo v mi trng, s tho lun v nhng tc ng tim nng ca sinh tng hp c th c i vi th gii t nhin v bo tn sinh hc ti Hi ngh Sinh tng hp v Bo tn, triu tp ti trng Clare College Cambridge, Anh, vo ngy 911 thng 4 2013. John Robinson, mt trng b phn cn b bo tn, th cho bit: "sinh hc tng hp l mt lnh vc rt quan trng v ang pht trin, nhng hu qu ca n i vi a dng sinh hc v bo tn hin cha c hiu r. Chng ti hy vng, vic nh t tng ln nht trong hai ngnh ny ngi cng nhau s

t c mt s hiu bit tt hn v c hi ca ngnh sinh tng hp v tc ng tim nng ca n ti cng tc bo tn". ng tc gi Bill Adams ca i hc Cambridge, cho bit: "chin lc ca chng ti bo tn cc h sinh thi, loi v a dng di truyn, c xy dng trong c th k qua ang phi chu thch thc rt c bn bi sinh tng hp. Ni hm ca lnh vc ang ni ln ny cn phi c a vo l thuyt bo tn v thc tin cho nhng n lc bo v a dng sinh hc c hiu qu. " Cc tc gi gii thch s cn thit cho cc chin lc mi trong cng ng bo tn ng u vi nhng thch thc ca sinh hc tng hp. H nhn mnh ti nm vn ny sinh i hi phi tho lun v c quyt nh chin lc gia cc nh khoa hc v bo tn v nhng ngi thc hin. l 5 vn sau: Kh nng ti to cc loi tuyt chng. Sinh vt c tng hp s tng tc th no vi cc loi ang tn ti. nh ngha hin nay ca chng ta th no "t nhin". Vic s dng sinh tng hp to ra cc dch v t nhin phc v i vi con ngi (v d nh hp th carbon, kim sot nhim). Vic s dng cc s sng tng hp cho li ch c nhn, nh trong cc ng dng trong cc quy trnh cng nghip, nng nghip v nui trng thy sn, th lm sao gi c mt s cn bng gia ri ro t hot ng t nhn vi li ch v an ton ca cng ng? Georgina M. Mace ca Trung tm a dng sinh hc v nghin cu mi trng, UCL, ng tc gi cho bit: "Cc cuc tho lun gia sinh hc bo tn v sinh hc tng hp l mt trong nhng vic cn thit. Chng ta cn c mt cuc kim tra thc r rng cc vn v quyt nh m vn c th s lm thay i s sng trn tri t".