Question Bank Cycle Test - 2

Subject: EC 8109 Optical Networks 1. Discuss various applications of optical amplifiers in fiber optic networks. 2. What are the different types of optical amplifier? Explain the basic operation of an optical amplifier. 3. Explain the working principle of different semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). 4. Derive an expression of steady state gain per unit length for a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). 5. Discuss how does the gain of FPA type of SOA differ from the gain of TWA? Why TWA is a preferred choice for fiber optic applications? 6. Calculate the spacing between adjacent resonant frequencies in an SOA if the refractive coefficient of the active medium is 3.6 and the resonator length is 50 m. 7. Derive an expression for signal gain of a TWA in terms of amplifier saturated power and single pass gain in absence of light. 8. Explain with energy level diagram the amplification mechanism of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). 9. Describe with the help of diagrams the possible configurations of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). 10. Derive the expressions for power conversion efficiency and gain of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). 11. Calculate the noise figure of an EDFA if the input signal power is 30 W, the input-noise power is 30 nW in a 1-nm bandwidth, the output-signal power is 6 mW and the output-noise power is 10 W in a 1-nm bandwidth. 12. Assume the gain profile of an optical amplifier is

g g0e( 0 )

/( 2 2 )

where 0 is the peak-gain wavelength and is the spectral width of the gain profile. If = 25 nm, find the FWHM (the 3-dB gain bandwidth) of the amplifier gain profile. 13. An EDFA power amplifier produces Ps.out = 27 dBm for an input level of 2 dBm at 1542 nm. Find the amplifier gain and the minimum pump power required? 14. Describe the need for the development of SONET. Define SONET standards. 15. How is the SONET frame structured? How long will it take to transmit one SONET frame? 16. What is the overhead to payload ratio of all SONET speeds? Draw a block diagram of SONET architecture and describe its operation. 17. What are the advantages of single hop and multi-hop networks? 18. What are the problems that arise in broadcast and select networks for their use in WAN?

19. The optical power coupled from any transmitter into N-node star network is 0 dBm. Assuming the stations are located 2 km from the star and given that fiber loss = 0.3 dB/km, connector loss = 1 dB, excess loss = 3 dB and link margin = 3 dB, Find the number of stations N that can be incorporated if the receiver sensitivity is -38dBm. 20. Consider a linear bus network having 10 stations and following parameters: Li = 0.5 dB, Lc = 1.0 dB, = 0.4 dB/km and CT = 10 %. If the stations are uniformly spaced having a separation of 500 m, find the dynamic range of the network.