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SUBSTATION MAINTENANCE
Article
requires
the Distribution Utilities (DU) to prepare Distribution Maintenance Program based on forecasted Demand, Users provisional Maintenance Program, and requests for maintenance schedule:
3-year Maintenance Program Annual Maintenance Program Monthly Maintenance Program
SERVICE LIFE
Electrical Equipment designed for certain economic service life Equipment Life dependent on operating environment, maintenance program, quality of the original manufacture and installation Beyond Service Life Period they are not expected to render their services according to its expectations with desired efficiency
GENERAL CAUSES OF EQUIPMENT FAILURE MUCH EARLIER THAN EXPECTED ECONOMIC LIFE SPAN? Poor quality of raw material Workmanship and manufacturing techniques Frequent electrical, mechanical, and thermal stresses during the operation
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
Replacement of failed power equipment either before or after their economic life
Assessment and Condition Evaluation Possibility of extending the life existing assets (i.e., circuit breakers, transformers, etc.)
Minimize service life cost Ensure reliability of power supply at a minimal cost
To reach a COST EFFETIVE SOLUTION using available resources ASSET MANAGEMENT MECHANISM
ASSET MANAGEMENT Balancing cost, risk, and performance in the context of asset full life cycle
MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
Assessment of the internal condition of the equipment while in service before catastrophic failure can take place Types of Maintenance
Breakdown
Maintenance Time or Calendar Based Maintenance Condition Based Maintenance Reliability Centered Maintenance
Planned Maintenance
Preventive
Unplanned Maintenance
Routine
PLANNED MAINTENANCE
Preventive Maintenance
The
action performed to prevent failure by providing systematic inspection and monitoring to detect and prevent incipient deterioration or failure and includes testing to confirm correct operation. maintenance work performed as a result of significant deterioration or failure, to restore an asset to its required condition standard. The work maybe programmed as a result of condition assessment or as random additions to the program based on priority
PLANNED MAINTENANCE
Statutory Maintenance
Both
preventive service maintenance and condition based maintenance may contain elements of statutory maintenance which is defined as actions performed to provide the minimum level of maintenance to meet legal and other mandatory requirements contained under ERC/DMC regulations and Code of Practice
UNPLANNED MAINTENANCE
and reactive maintenance actions performed to restore an asset to operational condition, as a result of an unforeseen failure.
Incident Maintenance
Unplanned
maintenance actions to restore an asset to an operational or safe condition as a result of property damage resulting from storms, fire, forced entry, vandal damage.
MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
Development of various state-of-the art on-and off line non-intrusive test Ensuring maximum availability and reliability of the system
A means to define proximity to EOL by combining varied and relatively complex information as a SINGLE number
Define
High
POOR
5-10 yrs
Medium
FAIR
10-20 yrs
Low
GOOD 0
Very Low
TYPE TYPE
SHELL
CORE TYPE
SHELL TYPE
COIL WINDINGS
TRANSFORMER CORE
INSULATION
Interlayer of high quality epoxy coated kraft paper Corrugated pressboards are placed within the coil for cooling Thickness in accordance with the voltage.
TRANSFORMER TANK
TAP CHANGERS
AUXILIARIES
Pressure Relief Device Gas and Oil Relays (Buchholz) Temp Gauge Fan Controls Conservator Tank Radiators etc
OIL QUALITY
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Visual appearance Colour Flash Point Viscosity Density Pour Point IFT Particle Count
Moisture content Acidity Corrosive Sulphur Oxidation stability Sludge Sediment DBV PF
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
OIL
PAPER
Provides overall insulation to the transformer Act as coolant Provides a means to monitor insulation condition and operation of the transformer
TRANSFORMER STRESSES
Primary Stress
Secondary Stress
REVERSIBLE CONDITION
IRREVERSIBLE CONDITION
Oil insulation condition can be reversed through the filtration Can reduced the effect of aging Can prolong serviceability of the oil insulation
Paper insulation degradation Transformer life is determined by the life of its paper insulation
INSULATION DEGRADATION
Degradation by-products
OIL SAMPLING
Follow procedure ASTM D923 & D3613 (IEC 60475 & IEC 60567)
Sample container Sampling technique Weather condition Sample storage and transport
Water Content
0.5 > 25MN/m for <69KV <0.2 mg KOH/gm >20kv for <69kv for 1mm gap <27ppm for <69kv @ 50deg C
DISSOLVED-GAS-IN-OIL ANALYSIS IEEE LIMIT Hydrogen (H2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Methane (CH4) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Ethylene (C2H4) Ethane (C2HO) Acetylene (C2H2)
detect open or short circuit or poor electrical connections detect shorted turns, open circuit
DESTRUCTIVE
NON-DESTRUCTIVE
Go/No Go Tests
INTERPRETATION Insulation Condition 60/30 sec Ratio Dielectric Absorption Ratio 10/1 min Ratio P.I.
less than 1 less than 1.1 1.1 to 1.25 1.25 to 1.4 1.4 to 1.6 Above 1.4
Power Transformer Switchgears MV Cable Feeders LV Cable Feeders LV Equipment LV OH Line Feeders MV OH Line Feeders DC Battery Banks Etc...
Master List of all eqpt Prioritize Group accdng to voltage rating, type, manufacturer, age, etc Technical manuals, manufacturer Maintenance history Assess size of staff Identify task that can be outsourced
THANK YOU !