Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
www.greenspec.co.uk
Issues considered
emphasis on: Low carbon demand building exploiting free natural resources f t future-proofing: fi renewable bl ready d adopting renewable energy, where free is not enough www.GreenSpec.co.uk p has a role in educating the professions
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Sustainable Construction
What is it not?
EcoBling
18/03/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk k
Eco Bling
Design methodology with no teeth Grant funding with no rigour PIMP up my Pad Grillz & Spinners, Frills & Digital Dogtags
EcoBling v Compatent
Renewables added before reducing demands first Not insulating to the hilt
way beyond Building Regulations CfSH Level 4, 5 or 6 and better U value 0.1 W/m2.K Windows and doors: 1.0 > 0.5 W/m2.K
19/06/2009
Not designing to make airtight: 10! > 1 > 0.1 Not designing out cold bridges (compromise!) No Airtightness line on drawings (= G/DPM/C) Poor efficiency y high g energy gy & water demand Not testing on site to check workmanship NGS 7 Not carrying out Post Occupancy Evaluation
16/02/2008
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Sustainable Construction
What is Sustainable Construction? Green / Eco / Environmental Materials
The Contractor
Substituted out of the job over ordered d d but b t disappeared in a white van to do a PJ at the weekend
16/02/2008
Barriers & Excuses for Status Quo Prevails pp y chain & up p demand chain down supply Opportunity for solutions through education & awareness
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IR & HMC&E Financial Advisers PLC Investors Fund Managers Insurers Insurer s Risk Managemt Managem t Lawyers Letting Agents Developer Client Occupier/User Facilities Manager Employers Agent Project manager Design Professionals Specifiers Contractors Constructors S b Subcontractors t t Suppliers Manufacturers
Tax income Surplus to pay tax Investor Income Max Investment Yield Tried Tested Guaranteed Pass the buck Easy + no responsibility Short term profit Facility + low cost to run No worries Pass on clients brief Pass-on Pass the parcel Icons + Egos massaged R b tS Robust Specification ifi ti Butts to kick Substitution + Familiarity Si Simple l j job b+P Profit fit Profits + No Stewardship Turnover + out the door
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16/02/2008
www.greenspec.co.uk
Addressing Sustainability
If we address environmental sustainability responsibly then we may find ourselves using unconventional construction, not as we know it we need to understand what the elements of th building the b ildi will ill be b subject bj t to t during d i their th i life lif Apparently a rapidly changing set of rules And then design new elements or their methods of construction to meet these rules: E.g. increasing i i variations i i in i wind i d loads, l d weather, temperature, rainfall, etc.
New Methods
16/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
If we design with new methods there may be no points of reference, so we have to start from scratch We need to understand the principle of element design And apply increasing requirements to new materials and methods To find new solutions or enhanced requirements for traditional methods 19/06/2009 16 and materials NGS
www.greenspec.co.uk
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POED: Roofs
POED: Windows/Glazing
Performance Design
Establish the Performance requirements of the building Then design the elements to meet them E.g. g What is the design g life? This forces us to address durability And gives an opportunity to consider whole life costs and life cycle analysis We also need to consider the energy demands of the building during that life
Design Responsibility
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20/07/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
Performance Specification
If the Project is Design & Build or the contract or package has Contractors Design Portion The conventional designer passes the responsibility for the whole design or for completing the design to t th the 2 2nd d party, t th the contractors t t d designer i Its vitally important that all of the performance requirements are understood and communicated to the 2nd party And that the design solution is judged against them
Procurement Methods
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02/06/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
Procurement Methods
Building Co ontract sub-contractor sub-contractor Consultants supplier supplier General C t t Contractor Domestic Nominated
Contract for Services Building Contract sub-contracts and suppliers Collateral Warranties Employer Co-ordination
Specification Responsibility
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02/06/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
Specification Responsibility
Changes with Procurement methods
Performance Drawings
Just as the specifications describe principles g should not be p prescriptive p either drawings Internal and external profiles and primary structural elements Movements to be accommodated, any limitations Abutments and surrounds But not materials and no construction
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Sustainable Materials i l
On GreenSpec website
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www.greenspec.co.uk
GreenSpec Homepage 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
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Sustainability Checklist
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24/06/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
Sustainability Checklist
On GreenSpec website Prompts to help design sustainable buildings
Integrated design
Insulating & Compatible g Fabric Building
Energy Efficiency
Integrated Design
Building Regulations Part L of the, The Sustainable and Secure Buildings Act and the Code for Sustainable Homes, g to work closely y across disciplines p to address sustainable Professionals are encouraged construction issues. Areas such as heating, ventilation and renewable energy technologies require a cross disciplinary approach to improve the chances of success. Lucy Pedler of The Green Register key drivers for sustainable construction and the circle of blame. Celia Beeson (Sustainable City Team, Bristol City Council) James Howard (Urban Splash) A hit t C Architect Craig i Whit White (Whit (White Design) D i ) Engineers - Andy Jarvis (Ernest Griffiths Consulting) and Tim Mander (Integral Structural Design). Reclaimed materials resourcer Nicole Lazerus (BioRegional) encouraging contractors to break out of their usual procurement routes. Contractor Andrew Pears (Kotuku) site waste management and reusing/recycling C&D materials. Jim Allen, Ellis llis and Moore engineers, moderator Opportunity to contribute to the discussion in breakout sessions Delegate feedback: "More of these seminars please! "Brilliant mix of speakers" "Avoiding the pitfalls by listening to first-hand experience was very useful "Do it again!"
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Specification Substitution
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Commercial Green
Currently there are many technologies that are well understood but many are no longer suitable to tackle global warming We need to adopt new methods that are sufficiently well developed that their prices have reached commercial levels Some technologies are still immature and their prices reflect this Commercial Green is about finding the solutions that are for free:
natural ventilation solar gains
economic now:
Air Source Heat Pumps
not GSHP (expensive to install but cheap to run)
Commercial Green
03/10/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
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Commercial Green
Andrew Pettifer Gifford and Partners
Another GreenSpec CPD seminar to download soon And a paper on the website to read
GreenSpec Homepage 1
Mind Maps
In a complex world.
Ar rchitec cture
Site Orientation Building shape and form Winter Atria Winter Garden Metal windows Low E Argon Best Windows: Low E Argon Wood ___ Low E Triple Glazing Light Shelves Domestic Passive Solar Overhangs Shading Fixing external Shades Colour _____ Shading Move Open Plan Layout Mixed space Layout Cellular Layout Exposed Mass Mass Improved Roof Sedum Roof Turf Roof Earth Sheltering Timber Construction Transparent Insulation 0.00 Insulation Best Practice Insulation Green Insulation Ultimate Insulation Air/Heat Commercial Air tightness g Membranes Domestic Air tightness Domestic near-zero heat
Ni ht V Night Ventilation til ti Mi Mixed dM Mode d V Ventilation til ti Draught D ht V Ventilation til ti Displacement Ventilation Functional Checks Low E Appliances Simple Light Controls Low E Lighting High Efficiency Boiler Low Temp Heating Condensing Boilers Low Temp Diff Cooling Zoned Controls Optimised Controls Local Controls Variable Speed Drives Variable Speed Pumps Zoning TFT Monitors (arrived sooner) Reducing Heat gains Improved ____ Heating/Cooling Widening Comfort Targets Plant Insulation Window Design
C Comfort f t cooling li Ai Air C Conditioning diti i Desiccant cooling Complex lighting controls Chilled ceiling / beams BMS
Sust tainable e
Day-lighting Views Landscape Use Simple Material Choices Gas/Oil/Electricity Reducing Waste/Recycling/Life Cycle Simple Water Use Reduction Land Use
Vegetation Shading Permeable Landscape ______ Cooling Wind Driven Ventilation Poke Hole C Determined Materials Choices Mixed available materials BioMass Heat Pump Air-Ground Hydro Wind Adaptability/Flexibility Solar Thermal Better Appliances CHP Micro CHP Fuel Cells Rainwater Harvesting Greywater Recycling
Now
+10 CfSH
Eng gineerin ng
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Climate Change
16/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
As the climate changes it is anticipated that all natures forces we are familiar with will become more extreme: Stronger winds winds, dryer summers, summers wetter winters, more intense rainfall, etc. We need to design accordingly but also to try to mitigate the changes
19/06/2009 NGS 57
www.greenspec.co.uk k
27/09/2007
Global Imperative
Energy Refurbishment
17/07/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
Energy Refurbishment
Public and Private Housing Industrial & Business Premises Reduction in demand Appropriate Improvements Appropriate Commercial Installations
Global Warming
16/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
The consequences are already showing p on a regular g basis, , not just j across up the world, but increasingly in Europe and the UK.
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Consequence of No action
www.greenspec.co.uk k
28/07/2007 NGS 2006 Title 1
Consequences of no action
Future Proofing
16/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
Reliance on fossil fuels which release carbon dioxide and other green house gasses is futile Multi-fuelled M lti f ll d b boilers il th that t can change h over t to biomass and bio-diesel fuels as they become available may not be okay (land use priorities) Making provision for the addition of renewable heat and energy generation will make their addition feasible and economical Not being reliant on the need for heating and cooling at all is better still
19/06/2009 NGS 62
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Social Environmental
Towards sustainability
Sustainable
Sustainable
Hot house in the middle of winter Ventilation for summer No heating S l gain Solar i Exposed p thermal mass Windows and Doors to house
50 mm. cavity y is history 300 mm. is optimum Ties and p g tie spacings may change
BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Dr Bill Dunster
Zero Fossil Fuel Energy Development High thermal mass cavity walls and floors Low U values Rock Mineral Fibre Long 2 part cavity ties
Zero Fossil Fuel Energy Development High thermal mass cavity walls walls, roofs and floors Low U values 300 mm mm. Rock Mineral Fibre Long 2 part cavity ties
BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Bill Dunster
www.greenspec.co.uk
16/02/2008
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Thermal I Insulation l i
Some of the characteristics that make if important
Insulation
16/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
Insulation Insulation Insulation Spend money on cheap insulation Save money on heating and cooling plant Save money on heating and cooling bills
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Hygroscopic Insulation
Any natural plant based material: hemp, straw, flax, coconut husk, cellulose, sheeps wool, grass, etc. Air trapped in material is what makes insulation work Water does not work in the same way Moisture laden air or interstitial condensation occupies the space that air would Stops hydrophobic insulation from insulating Hygroscopic insulation absorbs the moisture into the fibre leaving the air spaces to insulate Releases the moisture when conditions are right and it leaves the construction and building
Other Topics
16/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
www.greenspec.co.uk
r and k values U values Thermal Mass in insulation D Decrement t (h (heat t passage over ti time through insulation and thermal mass) Thermal Inertia Resistance to radiant heat E.g. Dense cellulose fibre 19/06/2009 NGS
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Cellulose Fibre
High acoustic density & high thermal mass cellulose fibre insulation boards in:
Walls roofs
16/02/2008
www.greenspec.co.uk
Other Issues
Local Sourceing
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Local Sourcing
Why is it important Where to look
Local Sourcing
Support local economy Use local contractors Who use local labour I l di l Including local l craftsmen ft using i l local l vernacular methods Procure local materials Minimise transport p and emissions Score EcoHomes and BREEAM points
Local Sourcing
Government Funded Projects If above set thresholds EU Procurement Rules apply WTO R Rules l apply: l d despite it globalisation l b li ti Specify by Product Reference NBS Preliminaries say Or Equivalent Manage Specification Substitution Especially Surreptitious variety
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www.greenspec.co.uk
Move CO2 generation and pollution to other locations and countries China is making many goods to sell in the UK Some are cheap and short life Some may y be q quality y China supplies much of UK Xmas goods China is building many fossil fuel power stations 19/06/2009 NGS 100
Environment-friendly
Gl Global b l Local Internal air quality
Especially if design life is rationalised to durable, replaceable & maintainable Design to include demountability Avoid demolition and ensure all materials t i l are reusable bl or recyclable l bl
Space p Frame
Timber structures
Grid Shell
ZODP Ozone-friendly
CFC, CFC HCFC HCFC, HFC & HFA free
Rammed Earth Walls any shape many ingredients colours & textures
Vapour p Balanced Construction Compound rafters C ll l Cellulose i insulation l ti Acoustic brick floor Timber floor planks Ti b fibre Timber fib insulation i l ti Timber frame walls Timber batten clad
Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London
Cellulose Fibre
Optimum: 300 600 mm. 300-600 mm deep compound rafters with Cellulose fibre insulation High acoustic density and high thermal mass cellulose fibre insulation boards in walls and floors
Timber Structures Compound rafters I beams roof and ground floor Timber floor planks Timber frame walls
Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London
Layered Construction simplifies details and avoids interfaces Ventilation zone Insulation zone Wiring zone Dont puncture DampPM GasPM and DampPM, VB or BM and ATL add services zones to avoid complications
Aberystwyth Arts Centre: Architect: Smith Roberts: Peter N Roberts
Layering of Construction avoids Services Interfaces Construction Logistics g Complexity P t ti l d Potential delay l
Aberystwyth Arts Centre: Architect: Smith Roberts: Peter N Roberts
Untreated Unseasoned Unfinished Durable Species p Boarding. T ll plinth Tall li th protects t t timber from ground water and d rain i splash l h
Aberystwyth Arts Centre: Architect: Smith Roberts: Peter N Roberts
Untreated unseasoned unfinished durable species boarding. plinth p protects Tall p timber from ground water p and rain splash Acid timbers need p care and stainless special steel fasteners
Methods of Assembly Fixings and Fastenings g permit deconstruction and reuse of structural components t
Welsh Wild Life Centre, Architect: Niall Phillips: Peter N Roberts
Biodiveristy
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Structural Systems
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08/07/2005
Compound rafters C ll l Cellulose i insulation l ti Acoustic brick floor Timber floor planks Ti b fibre Timber fib insulation i l ti Timber frame walls Timber batten clad
Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London
Sustainable Services
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Sustainable Services
CPD topic
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Clay boards
Clay Boards R d & Clay Reed Cl Clay finishes Can sustain high h idit where humidity h gypsum/paper will ill h harbour b mould
Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London
Clay finishes
Clay finishes absorb moisture, smells EMF radiation Mineral based paint Chemical reaction with background 100 year life Good colour retention
Construction Resources Showrooms Southwark London
Unusual products
loadbearing timber blockwork off off-site site prefabricated insulated wall roof or floor panels Structural timber plank floors
PVC alternatives in roofs, floors and secondary elements Chemical and toxin free materials Non-allergenic, N ll i Natural, vegetable, mineral, traditional Formaldehyde free products
16/02/2008
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www. www
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Waste Management
26/06/2007 NGS 2006 Title
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16/02/2008
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Rehabilitation
09/02/2008 NGS 2006 Title 1
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Traditional trades:
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24/06/2007
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Renewables Ready
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24/06/2007