Drug, Dosage, Route, Frequency, Classification A) Drug: Captopril Dose: 25mg Route:p.

o Frequency:now Classification:a ntihypertensive

INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATI ON

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACO KINETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION

INDICATION: Alone or on combination with other hypertensive in the management of hypertensive

CONTRAINDICATIO N: Cross sensitivity with ace inhibitor may exist.

Prevent the production of angiotensin 11, potent vasoconstrictor that stimulate the production of aldosterone by blocking its conversion to the active form , thus it lowers the B/P

Absorption: 75% G.I tract Metabolism: 50% liver Excretion: 50% kidney Half life: <2hr Onset:15-16 mins Peak: 60-90 mins Duration: 612 hr

CNS: dizziness, RESPIRATORY: cough CV: hypotension, tachycardia, angina pectoris G.I: anorexia, loss of taste perception G.U: protienuria in renal failure Derm: rashes, hema, leukopenia, agranulocytosis Misc: fever

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects) >Check B/P before administering this drug >Caution patient that Captopril may cause dizziness >Provide safety by raising side rails. >Instruct significant other to change clients position slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension. >Provide oral care >Apply topical lotion such as calamine lotion to relive itchiness >Encourage client to increase oral fluid intake to liquefy secretions >Instruct to cough out secretions

Drug, Dosage, Route, Frequency, Classification H. Drug: Lactulose Dosage: 30cc Route: PO Frequency: OD Classification: Ammoniaredu ction drug, Laxative.

Indication & Contraindication Indication: >Treatment of Constipation. Contraindication : >Contraindicated w/ allergy to lactulose, lowgalactose diet.

Mechanisms of Action >The drug passes unchanged into the colon: Where bacteria break it down to organic acids that increase the osmotic pressure in the colon and slightly acidify the colonic contents, >Thus: aids in migration of blood ammonia in to the colon contents with subsequent trapping and expulsion in the feces.

Pharmacoki neticsDynamics Route: Oral Onset: Varies Peak: 20 hr. Duration: 24-48 hr. Very minimal systemic absorption.

Adverse effect/Side Effect >GI: Transient flatulence, distention, intestinal cramps, belching, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. >Other: Acidbase imbalances, electrolyte imbalance.

Nursing Responsibilities

>Assess for any allergy to lactulose, low-galactose diet diabetes, lactation, pregnancy. >Give laxative syrup orally with fruit juice, water, or milk to increase palatability. > Monitor V/S >Monitor Serum and ammonia levels >Make sure you have access to bathroom; bowel movements will be increased to two or three per day. >Report diarrhea, severe bleaching, abdominal fullness

Drug, Dosage, Route, Frequency, Classification. B) Drug: Acetylcystein sachet Dose:sachet+50 ml water Route:p.o Frequency:TID Classification: Mucolytic

INDICATION AND CONTRAINDIC ATION INDICATION: adjunct of therapy abnormal viscoid or thickened mucous secretion in a patient with pneumonia CONTAINDICATI ON: hypersensitivity to drug, Use cautiously in pregnancy and lactation

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACOKI NETICS Route:p.o Onset: unknown Peak: unknown Duration: unknown Absorption: G.I tract Distribution: not known Metabolism: liver H.L: unknown

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION CNS: fever, drowsiness, abnormal thinking, disturbances CV: tachycardia, hypotension,hype rtension, flushing, chest tightness EENT: rhinorrhea, stomatitis, throat tightness GI: nausea, vomiting Skin: rash, diaphoresis

Mucolytic that reduces the viscosity of pulmonary secretion by splitting disulfide linkages between mucoprotein molecular complexes, thus secretion is thinned and reduced.

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects) -Provide TSB when fever occurs -Caution client that medication may cause drowsiness. Instruct to avoid activities requiring alertness -Instruct significant others to change patients position slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension. -Encourage to eat crackers , small but frequent meals if nausea and vomiting occurs - Do postural drainage to evacuate secretions -Apply topical lotion such as calamine lotion if rashes occurs

Drug, Dose, Route, Frequency, Classification. C) Drug: Amlodipine Dose:10mg tab Route: NGT Frequency:OD Classification: Anti angina

INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICAT ION INDICATION: hypertension CONTRAINDICATI ON: Hypersensitivity, cardiovascular shock, combination with rifampicine contraindicated in unstable angina and after resent MI severe hypotension, with systolic pressure less than 90 mmHg decompensate heart failure pregnancy and lactation

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACO KINETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects)

Inhibits calcium ion influx gross cardiac and smooth mucle cell, thus decreasing myocardial contractility and oxygen demand

Onset: unknown Peak: 6-12 hr Duration: 24hr

CNS: headache, somnolence, fatigue, drowsiness CV: edema, flushing, palpitation GI: nausea, abdominal pain GU: sexual difficulties, Musc: muscle pain, Resp: dyspnea, Skin: rash and pruritus

>Check B/P before administering this drug >Advise patient to have adequate rest and pace activities. >Place patient in semi fowlers position if dyspnea occurs >Apply topical lotion such as calamine lotion if rashes or itchiness occurs >Notify physician if signs of failure occur such as: swelling of hands and feet or shortness of breath > Caution patient to avoid activities requiring alertness since this medication causes drowsiness.

Drug, Dose, Route, Frequency, Classification D) Drug: Simvastatin Dose: 40mg Route:p.o Frequency:OD Classification: Cardiovascular drug Antilipidemic

INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACOK INETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects) >Use drug only after diet and other non drug therapy prove ineffective >Instruct patient drug with the evening meal because this enhances absorption increases cholesterol biosynthesis >Teach patient proper dietary management of cholesterol and triglyceride > Instruct to have small but frequent meals if nausea and vomiting occurs

INDICATION: Reduce total and LDL cholesterterol levels in patients with homozygous familialhypercholesteron emia CONTAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity to drug

-Inhibits hmgCoA reductase, in early step in cholesterolbiosy nthesis, thus lowering the cholesterol level.

Onset:unkno wn Peak: 1-2hr Duration: uknown Route: P.O

CNS: headache, asthenia, GI: Abdominal pain constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, vomiting Resp: upper respiratory tract infection

Drug, Dose, Route, Frequency, Classification

INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICAT ION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACOKI NETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION CNS: headache, insomnia, GI: diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain Skin: rash

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects) > Advise patient to have adequate rest if headache is felt. >Bulk forming, high potassium diet if diarrhea occurs >Apply topical lotion such as calamine lotion if rashes occur. > contact physician promptly of any of the following occur; peeling blistering or loosening of skin, difficulty breathing or swallowing

E. Drug:Pantoprazole Dose:40mg Route:p.o Frequency: Classification: Gastro intestinal agent Proton pump inhibitor

INDICATION: Shorterm treatment of erosive esophagitis associated with GU ERD CONTAINDICATION :hypersensitivity to antoprazole

Gastric acid inhibitor; belongs to a class of antisecretory compound. It inhibits the H+, K+-ATPase enzyme system responsible for acid production, thus gastric acid secretion is decreased.

Absorption: 70% bioavialabilty Peak: 2.4 hr Distribution: 98% protein bound Metabolism: liver Elimination: 71% urine HL: 1 hr

Drug, Dose, Route, Frequency, Classification

INDICATION AND CONTRAINDICATI ON

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACOKI NETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects) >Take drug on the same day each week when use for prophylaxis >Do not perform potentially hazardous activity until, response to drug is known > Apply topical lotion(e.g. Calamine lotion if rashes occurs. > Small but frequent meals if nausea and vomiting occurs. >Report any of the following immediately: Fever, soar throat, visual problem. Anxiety, confusion

Drug:Mefenamic acid Dose:500mg Route:PO Frequency:prn Classification: Central nervous system agent Analgesic NSAID

INDICATION: Short term relief of mild to moderate pain

CONTRAINDICATIO N: Hypersensitivity to drug

Anthranilic acid derivative. Like ibuprofen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and affects platelet function, thus relieving pain.

Absorption: rapidly in G.I tract Peak: 2-4 hr Duration: 6hr Metabolism: liver-partially Elimination: 50% excreted urine. 50% feces HL: 2 hr

CNS: dizziness, nightmare visual disturbances, headache, syncope, confusion. Psychosis, CV: bradycardia, ECG changes, first degree AV block GI: nausea, vomiting. Abdominal pain. Anorexia, diarrhea Skin: rash, Itching,

Drug, Dosage, Route, Frequency, Classification F. Drug: Mannitol Dosage: 75 cc Route: IV Frequency: Q8 Classification: Osmotic Diuretic Pregnancy Catgory C

INDICATION AND CONTRA INDICATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACOKI NETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION

INDICATION: >Reduction of intra cranial or intra ocular pressure > Adjunct in the treatment of acute oliguric renal failure CONTRAINDICATION: Hypersensitivity , anuria, dehydration

Increases the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, thus inhibiting reabsorption of water and electrolytes.

Absorption: Administered IV only, resulting in a complete bioavailability Distribution: Confined to the extracellular space Metabolism and excretion: Excreted by kidneys minimal metabolism in liver Halflife- 100 min.

CNS: headache, confusion. EENT: blurred vision, rhinitis CV: transient volume expansion, tachycardia, chest pain, congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema. GI: thirst, nausea, vomiting GU: renal failure, urinary retention.

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects) >Monitor vital signs, urine output, CVP, and pulmonary artery pressure prior to and hourly throughout administration. >Monitor patient for signs and symptoms of dehydration or signs of fluid over load. > Provide small but frequent meals if nausea and vomiting occurs >Provide safety, assist patient when theres blurring of vision . > Monitor intake and output

Drug, Dosage, Route, Frequency, Classification

INDICATION AND CONTRA INDICATION

MECHANISM OF ACTION

PHARMACOKI NETICS

SIDE EFFECTS/ ADVERSE RECTION

NURSING RESPOSIBILITY (based on side effects)

Drug