Topic: massage therapy for low back pain

References 1. Ernst E. Physical stress in low back pain. EJPMR. 1994;4:112113View In Article

2. Koes BW, Assendelft WJJ, van der Hiejden GJMG, Bouter LM, Knipschild PG. Spinal manipulation and mobilisation for back and neck pain (a blinded review). BMJ. 1991;303:12981303View In Article MEDLINE CrossRef

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Topic: The effect of high-heeled shoes on lumbar lordosis References.

1. Franklin M.E., Chenier T.C., Brauninger L., Cook H., Harris S. Effect of positive heel inclination on posture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1995;21(2):9499. [PubMed]

2. Opila K.A., Wagner S.S., Schiowitz S., Chen J. Postural alignment in barefoot and high-heeled stance. Spine. 1988;13(5):542547. [PubMed]

3. de Lateur B.J., Giaconi R.M., Questad K., Ko M., Lehmann J.F. Footwear and posture: compensatory strategies for heel height. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;70(5):246254. [PubMed]

4. Buehler V.L. University of Oregon; Eugene, Oregon: 1932. The effect of various heights of heels upon erect body posture and an investigation of the possible reasons [thesis]

5. MailOnline [homepage on the Internet]. Associated Newspapers, Ltd; c2010 [updated 2008 August 26; cited 2010 June 4]. Apprentice star Claire Young: my killer heels wrecked my spine and left me in agony. Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1049129/Apprenticestar-Claire-Young-My-killer-high-heels-wrecked-spineleft-agony.html.

6. American Chiropractic Association [homepage on the Internet]. Arlington, Virginia: American Chiropractic Association; c2009 [cited 2010 June 4]. Today's fashion can be tomorrow's pain. Available from: http://www.acatoday.org/content_css.cfm?CID=73.

7. American Physical Therapy Association [homepage on the Internet]. Alexandria, Virginia: American Physical Therapy Association; c2009 [updated 2000 August 20; cited 2009 May 18]. Physical therapists say tottering on high heels puts women at risk for foot and back problems. Available from: http://www.apta.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=26185&TEMPLATE=/CM/Cont entDisplay.cfm.

8. Sutton A.L., editor. Back and neck sourcebook. 2nd ed. Omnigraphics; Detroit: 2004. p. 116.

9. Physical Rehabilitation/Robert Egert, M.D. [homepage on the Internet]. Chico, CA: Robert Egert, MD. [cited 2010 June 4]. Low back pain; posture and lifting advice. Available from: http://chicopmr.org/robertegertmd/html/spinalpain/lowbackpain/introduction.html.

10. McKinley Health Center [homepage on the Internet]. The University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign; c2007 [updated 2007 February 23; cited 2010 June 4]. Back and neck care guide, section 5, Footwear. Available from: http://www.mckinley.uiuc.edu/Handouts/back_and_neck_care_guide/exerciseprecautions.h

Topic: Prevalence of backpain due to not sitting straight. To ease backpain dnt sit striaght

It seems that sitting up straight, something many of us are taught from a very early age, is not good for your back, say researchers from Scotland and Canada. They found that sitting up straight strains your back unnecessarily. Ideally, you should lean slightly back, at an angle of about 135 degrees, they say.

The researchers, at Woodend Hospital, Aberdeen, Scotland, used a novel form of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) on 22 healthy volunteers to identify which positions are best, and which are worst, for our backs. The Positional MRI Machine allows the patient to move around during the examination.

The volunteers were asked to sit in three different positions:

1. Slouching. The person hunches forward, with feet touching the floor. 2. Upright, at 90 degrees, with feet touching the floor. 3. Relaxed, reclined backwards at 135 degrees, with feet touching the floor.

Measurements of spinal angles, spinal disk height, and movements were taken. When undue strain is placed on a disk, it moves - often out of place. The researchers found that the upright position, at 90 degrees, caused disks to move the most, while the relaxed position (135 degrees) caused disks to move the least. In other words, the upright position is the worst for the back, while the relaxed position is the best.

Study leader, Dr. Waseem Bashir, University of Alberta Hospital, Canada, said "Sitting in a sound anatomic position is essential, since the strain put on the spine and its associated ligaments over time can lead to pain, deformity and chronic illness."

The study was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA).

"The Way You Sit Will Never Be the Same! Alterations of Lumbosacral Curvature and Intervertebral Disc Morphology in Normal Subjects in Variable Sitting Positions Using Whole-body Positional MRI