WCN Wireless Communication & Networking Module 1_1 Wireless and Mobility Basics

Spring 2012

Textbook: Wireless Communications and Networking Vijay K. Garg, Morgan Kaufmann 2007 Computer Usage: MATLAB SIMULINK Notes: Instructors handouts/ web publications are also provided to the students to supplement the textbook for both class and laboratory exercises.

Reference Books: 1. Wireless Communications and Networks William Stallings, 2nd edition, P-H 2005 2. Wireless Information Networks Kaveh Pahlavan & A.H. Levesque, 2nd Ed., P-H 2005 3. Fundamentals of WiMax Jeff Andrews, A. Ghose and R. Muhamed, P-H 2007 4. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Rappaport, T. S. (2nd edition) P-H, 2002. 5. Principles of Wireless Networks Kaveh Pahlavan & Prashant Krishnamurthy, P-H 2002 6. Wireless Networking Charles N. Thurwachter Jr., Prentica-Hall, 2002 7. Digital Communication Andy Bateman, P-H 1998

TECH 581

Wireless Link: Digital Communication link

Link:

Network:
An infrastructure that interconnects telecom devices to enable them to exchange information.

Telecom Device:
A device that enables users to run applications, that communicate with other terminals through network infrastructure.

Wireless Telecom Device:

A device that houses elements and functions needed to support interoperation with existing fixed-wired wireless networks and mobility for the users.
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Wireless Network Architecture: elements

1. 2. 3. 4. Services Infrastructure Protocols Network Engineering

Services:

1. Interoperability standards 2. Agreements

Basic Services:
Voice traffic: Bidirectional, symmetric and real-time Data traffic: asymmetric/symmetric, synchronous/non-synchronous delivery bursty and real-time Data services: Synchronously/ non-synchronously delivered. Synchronous transmission: Driven by a clock signal Non-synchronous transmission: Driven by a start/stop bit sequence Data bearer services: simple transport of data with minimal data format Transparent: forward error correction (FEC) coding at a fixed transmission rate. No retransmission. Non-transparent: error detection/correction coding and retransmission of faulty data blocks so as to ensure greater accuracy in the delivered data.

TECH 581

Data Services
Connection-Based: Voice-oriented Needs dialing process, Connections are set up and taken down

Connectionless: Data oriented No dialing Terminals are always connected

Rapid Delivery: text messaging (SMS) short text messages are embedded in the control channels (control packets).

Wireless Network
Fixed Wireless: both Transmitter (Tx) and Receiver (Rx) are fixed, connection is wireless. Mobile Wireless: at least one of the Tx or Rx is mobile during connection.

Existing Network Infrastructure

(Fig. 1.4 Pahlavan)

Hybrid Fiber- Coax (HFC)

Protocol Layering:
Open System Interconnect (OSI) seven-layer reference model. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model

OSI Model 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Application Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer LLC sublayer MAC sublayer Physical Layer

TECH 581

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Wireless Market Sectors

1. Voice-Oriented Wireless Market: evolved around wireless connection to the PSTN services 1. Local area market LAN 2. Wide area market WAN 2. Data-Oriented Wireless Market: evolved around Internet and the computer communication network infrastructure 1. Broadband Local and Ad hoc market 2. Wide area mobile data market Local Area Voice-Oriented Wireless Market:. Characteristics: low-power, low-mobility Example: cordless telephones, personal communication services (PCS), wireless PBX and wireless Telepoint Wide Area Voice-Oriented Wireless Market: evolved around cellular mobile telephone services Characteristics: high-power, comprehensive coverage Analog Cellular: Digital Cellular: used frequency division multiple access FDMA, each user assigned different frequency, simultaneous communication. Some systems used time division multiple access TDMA, each user assigned different time slot, all users using same frequency band. Others used code division multiple access CDMA, each user coded message using an unique code, all users using same frequency band and simultaneous communication.
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GSM (Global System for Mobile systems) and CDMA were two competing digital cellular services in the first run. GSM has won acceptance in most countries. The new development is W-CDMA (wideband CDMA), being used in 3-G systems, it is more amenable to higher integrated services.

Data-Oriented Wireless Networks

Broadband Local and Ad Hoc Data-Oriented Wireless Market: High-speed internet access Example: WLAN wireless local area network (high data rates). European equivalent is HIPERLAN WPAN wireless personal area network also referred as the Ad hoc wireless networks for home networking and to perform networking among personal equipments such as laptops, cell phones, headset and printers. Cover smaller area than WLAN and low number of users. WLAN use IEEE802.11 series standards for interoperability, use unlicensed frequency band. Ad hoc networks are evolving. Wide Area Data-Oriented Wireless Market: wireless access to Internet for mobile users. GSM has integrated these services in their bundle.
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1G Wireless Systems:
Analog Cellular with FDMA in 800-900 MHz band Separate frequency bands for base-station-to-user and user-to-base-station links. Each way 30 KHz in AMPS, also called the frequency Division Duplex FDD system. Use Frequency Modulation scheme (to be explained later) Paging was wide area mobile data services. Now a history.

2G Wireless Systems:
Digital Cellular with TDMA and CDMA in 800-900 MHz band except (JDC) Four main standards: GSM: Global System Mobile (Europe and many developing countries), predominantly TDMA/FDD, 8 users in 200 kHz band, channel bit rate 270 kbs (kilobits per second), 4.6 ms data frame. IS-54: North American Interim Standard, TDMA/FDD, 3 users in 30 kHz band, in 800/900 MHz and 1.4/1.5 GHz band, channel bit rate 50 kbs, 40 ms data frame. JDC: Japanese Digital Cellular, TDMA/FDD, 3 users in 30 kHz band, channel bit rate 8 kbs, 20 ms data frame. IS-95: North America, CDMA/FDD, many users in 1200 kHz band, channel bit rate 1200 kbs, 20 ms data frame.

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2G Mobile Data Services:

ARDIS, MOBITEX, CDPD, GPRS. (please read about them yourselves)

3G Wireless Systems
An evolving international standard offers multimedia services to users anywhere and everywhere (combines and gradually replaces 2G Digital cellular, PCS, Mobile data services). Dominant Technology: W-CDMA Uses licensed bands Uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in WLAN services in 5 GHz band Evolving UWB (Ultra wide-band) technology in future WLAN and WPANs.

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