Double-stranded DNA viruses

dsDNA
Enveloped Icosahedral Naked Icosahedral

Complex
2. Poxviridae
Orthopoxvirus (Variola, Vaccinia)

1. Herpesviridae
Simplexvirus Varicellovirus

3. Papillomaviridae
Papillomavirus

4. Adenoviridae
Mastadenovirus

1. Herpesviridae dsDNA Enveloped Icosahedral Latency and lifelong persistence A. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV / HHV) i. MOT Contact with secretions Sexual contact Birth canal in neonates ii. Diseases 1. HSV 1 Oral Herpes 2. HSV 2 Genital Herpes Herpes whitlow Very painful lesions that may inflame the hand Eczema herpeticum Seen in patients with underlying skin disorder Icthyosis vulgaris severe drying Herpes gladiatorum on the face Acquired through wrestling (body contact) Neonatal herpes Vertical transmission (in utero) In partum ( durin birth) Vaginal delivery iii. Specimen Aspirates from vesicles & lesions CSF and Brain Biopsy iv. Isolation & Serology WI-38, MRC-5, HDF, RK, HEp2, A549

EIA, Strip immunoblot, etc. B. Cytomegalovirus i. MOT Close contact with secretions and excretions Transplacental ii. Disease Latency in mononuclear cells Congenital infections Symptomatic congenital infection Petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, microcephaly and choriorenitis iii. Specimens Sterile body fluids and tissues Urine and respiratory secretions iv. Serology, Culture, Molecular tests P65 Ag detection (WBC) Diploid fibroblasts cell lines, SVCE PCR, branched DNA, hybridization C. Epstein-barr Virus i. MOT Close contact with saliva ii. Disease Hodgkin disease. Infectious Mononucleosis (Kissing Disease) Common to adolescence period Photophobia, loss of appetite, tonsillar swelling, white patches on the tonsils, sore throat, spleenomegaly, abdominal pain, nausea Glandular fever Commonly mistaken as S.pyogenes Dont respond to antibiotic Burkitt lymphoma Starry sky pattern in tissue preparation Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nosebleed, lose sense of smell Change in voice production, bad breath iii. Specimen B-lymphocytes and serum iv. Serology Paul-Bunnel Heterophile Ab test Anti-VCA: Ab to viral capsid Ag Anti-EA IgG: IgG Ab to early Ag Anti-EA/D: Ab to early Ag, diffuse Anti-EA/R: Ab to early Ag, restricted Anti-EBNA: Ab to EBV nuclear Ag D. Varicella Zoster i. MOT Droplet inhalation Direct contact with lesions ii. Disease Varicella (Chickenpox)

- dsDNA
- Enveloped - Capsid: complex a. Orthopoxvirus Vaccinia (cowpox) Variola (smallpox) b. Monkeypox virus 3. Papillomaviridae (Papovaviridae) dsDNA Naked Capsid: Icosahedral i. MOT Direct contact ii. Disease Papilloma, warts Cutaneous Papilloma HPV 1 4: no significant consequences Mucosal Papilloma HPV 42 44 HPV 31, 33, 35, 51, 52, HPV 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59, 68 Condylomata acuminate - genital wart formation iii. Specimen Tissue iv. Diagnosis Cannot be grown in cell culture Cytopathic effect - Koilocytosis 4. Adenoviridae - dsDNA -Naked - Capsid: Icosahedral i. MOT Aerosols, fomites Oral-fecal route Direct contact The virus infects the epithelium of the respiratory tract, eyes and the intestines ii. Disease / Patholgy Pneumonia Gastroenteritis - Adenovirus 40 & 41 enteric adenovirus Keratoconjunctivitis Inflammation of cornea and conjunctiva Acute hemorrhagic cystitis Inflammation of the urinary bladder Patient may experience hematuria Pharyngoconjunctival fever Sore eyes & sore throat with fever MOT: Respiratory droplets Waldeyer's Ring

- Febrile illness, rash and vesicular lesions - Dry, crusty lesions, heals in 1 2 weeks - Painful oral mucosal lesions may develop in adults
Zoster (Shingles) - Reactivation of VZV - Located only to one area (lesions for a week) - Postherpetic neuralgia nerve pain due to damage caused by the VZV, may last for months iii. Specimens Lesions (vesicles) iv. Culture Human embryonic lung Vero cells E, F. Human Herpesvirus 6 /7 i. MOT Droplet Inhalation & close contact ii. Disease Roseola (roseola infantum, exanthem subitum, sixth disease) iii. Laboratory Diagnoses Lymphocyte culture and serology G. Human Herpesvirus 8 i. MOT - Sexual contact ii. Disease - Kaposi Sarcoma iii. Laboratory Diagnoses - PCR and Serology

2. Poxviridae (Refer to the book)

 Found in pharyng with 5 lymphoid tissue 1st pair: pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) 2nd pair: pallatine tonsil One lingual tonsil Adenoids close to the eustachian tube May lead to otitis media iii. Diagnosis Human Embryonic Kidney Continuous epithelial cell lines CPE: swollen cells in grapelike clusters Serology: Serum neutralization E. Parvoviridae -ssDNA - nake - icosahedral a. Parvovirus B19 i. MOT Contact with secretions ii. Disease Erythema infectiosum Fifth disease Transient aplastic crises Hydrops fetalis iii. Specimen Aspirates from vesicles & lesions CSF and Brain Biopsy iv. Isolation and Serology WI-38, MRC-5, HDF, RK, HEp2, A549 EIA, Strip immunoblot, etc. b. Human bocavirus i. MOT Contact with secretions ii. Disease Respiratory tract illness Co-infection with RSV and hMPV iii. Specimen Aspirates from vesicles & lesions CSF and Brain Biopsy iv. Isolation and Serology WI-38, MRC-5, HDF, RK, HEp2, A549 EIA, Strip immunoblot, etc.