Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Key flavor trends in beer, vodka, gin, liqueurs, rum and flavored alcoholic beverages
Disclaimer
Copyright 2010 Business Insights Ltd This report is published by Business Insights (the Publisher). This report contains information from reputable sources and although reasonable efforts have been made to publish accurate information, you assume sole responsibility for the selection, suitability and use of this report and acknowledge that the Publisher makes no warranties (either express or implied) as to, nor accepts liability for, the accuracy or fitness for a particular purpose of the information or advice contained herein. The Publisher wishes to make it clear that any views or opinions expressed in this report by individual authors or contributors are their personal views and opinions and do not necessarily reflect the views/opinions of the Publisher.
Table of Contents
About the author
Disclaimer
2
2
Executive summary
Beer Flavored Alcoholic Beverages (pre-mixed drinks) Vodka Liqueurs Gin Rum
11
11 11 12 13 13 14
Chapter 1 Introduction
Market overview Definitions
15
15 16
Chapter 2 Beer
Summary Introduction Flavor trends
Regional analysis Segment analysis
Breakdown of key flavor types
17
17 17 18
19 19
20
22 23
23 25 26 28
Innovation trends
Craft beer makers innovate with flavors Traditional flavor revivals
29
29 29
Experimenting with hop varieties Session friendly beers with subtle flavors Women friendly beer flavors
Beer giants female focused efforts Females targeted with fruit beers Female brewers
30 30 31
32 32 33
Conclusions
34
35
35 35 36
36 37
38
39 40
40 41 42 43
Innovation trends
Energizing alcoholic drinks that do not court controversy Positioning flavored alcoholic beverages for at-home drinking Natural ingredients and plant extracts Targeting the flavor experimenter Attracting the male drinker
45
45 46 47 47 47
Conclusions
49
Chapter 4 Vodka
Summary Introduction Flavor trends
Regional analysis
50
50 51 51
52
Segment analysis
Breakdown of key flavor types
53
54
55
56 57 58 59
Innovation trends
Better for you vodkas Vodka infusions offer more natural flavorings Creative savory flavors Vodka designed for food pairings A flavor backlash
61
61 62 64 65 66
Conclusions
68
Chapter 5 Liqueurs
Summary Introduction Flavor trends
Regional analysis Segment analysis
Breakdown of key flavor types
69
69 69 70
70 71
72
73
74 75 76 77
Innovation trends
Stressing the heritage of flavors Reformatting flavors in line with artisanal roots Keeping ingredient mix a secret Herbal liqueurs boost drinking experience Liqueur flavors for celebrations
79
79 80 80 81 82
83
Conclusions
84
Chapter 6 Gin
Summary Introduction Flavor trends
Regional analysis Segment analysis
Breakdown of key flavor types
86
86 86 87
87 87
88
90
91 92 93 94
Innovation trends
Bridging traditional with contemporary style Lighter gins encourage new drinkers to the sector Using fresh fruit from cold distillation The healthy Mediterranean diet
95
95 96 97 98
Conclusions
99
Chapter 7 Rum
Summary Introduction Flavor trends
Regional analysis Segment analysis
Breakdown of key flavor types
100
100 100 101
101 102
102
104
105 106 107 107
Innovation trends
Combining rums from multiple islands Going back to American roots Big brand offers own take on craft rum
109
109 110 110
Conclusions
111
Chapter 8 Conclusions
Key motivations for accepting flavor innovation The Long-term Loyalist, Category Novice and Experimenter
113
114 115
Appendix
Methodology
Secondary research
117
117
117
Glossary/Abbreviations Bibliography/References
117 118
Table of figures
Figure 1: Figure 2: Figure 3: Figure 4: Figure 5: Figure 6: The beer flavor wheel was developed to help describe beer flavors Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in beer, 200710 Citrus beers have grown in popularity due to their exotic but safe image A desire for nostalgic products is fueling ginger beers growth Berry flavored beers offer a seasonal addition to the beer category 18 21 24 26 27
Declining flavor categories for new product launches in beer (percentage point change), 2007-10 28 33
Figure 7: Figure 8:
Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in flavored alcoholic beverages, 2007-10 37 40
Figure 9:
Soft fruit is a popular flavor type for Flavored Alcoholic Beverage launches
Figure 10: Manufacturers have capitalized on the popularity of citrus flavors with novel flavored alcoholic beverage launches Figure 11: Cocktails often inspire flavored alcoholic beverage sweet flavors 42 43
Figure 12: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in FABs (percentage point change), 200710 Figure 13: Ypioca Guarana contains guarana for its energizing properties 44 46
Figure 14: Mikes Hard Lemonade is focused on the male Flavored Alcoholic Beverage drinker48 Figure 15: Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in vodka, 2007-10 Figure 16: Apple and pear vodkas have been launched in specific fruit varieties Figure 17: Citrus flavored vodkas have appeared in premium variations Figure 18: Intense and subtle flavors can be tasted in sweet vodka varieties 53 57 58 59
Figure 19: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in vodka (percentage point change), 200710 Figure 20: Healthy vodkas are emerging, including herbal and aai infused varieties Figure 21: Skyy Spirits has produced a successful vodka infusions line Figure 22: Savory flavored vodkas are emerging in vodka Figure 23: Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in liqueurs, 200710 Figure 24: Berry flavored liqueurs are growing in popularity Figure 25: Citrus flavored liqueurs have a strong global following Figure 26: Spicy flavors add an interesting taste sensation to liqueurs 60 62 63 64 72 74 75 77
Figure 27: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in liqueurs (percentage point change) 200710 Figure 28: Emphasizing heritage for new flavors 78 80
Figure 29: Keeping brand ingredients and processes a secret appeals to consumers Figure 30: New herbal flavors include hibiscus, jasmine and wild fennel Figure 31: Aphrodope claims to contain aphrodisiac ingredients Figure 32: Ethically produced ingredients are a growing trend in liqueurs Figure 33: Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in gin, 2007-10 Figure 34: The arms race in gin for the most number of botanical flavors Figure 35: Floral notes add differentiation to gin brands Figure 36: Nutmeg can add a winter seasonal flavoring to gin
81 82 83 84 88 91 92 93
Figure 37: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in gin (percentage point change) 200710 Figure 38: Oxley Classic English Dry Gin uses a unique cold distillation method Figure 39: Gin Mare capitalizes on the image of the healthy Mediterranean diet Figure 40: Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in rum, 200710 Figure 41: Citrus adds a tangy note to rum Figure 42: Spicy flavors offer an exotic, intense flavor element to rum Figure 43: Anise and botanical flavor types have grown in popularity in rum 94 97 98 103 105 106 107
Figure 44: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in rum (percentage point change), 200710 Figure 45: Banks Five Island Rum incorporates rum from different countries Figure 46: Bacardi Reserva Limitada presents a premium offering from a major brand Figure 47: Consumers can be categorized into three types with differing flavor demands 108 109 111 116
Table of tables
Table 1: Table 2: Table 3: Table 4: Table 5: Table 6: Table 7: Table 8: Table 9: Table 10: Table 11: Table 12: Table 13: Table 14: Table 15: Table 16: Table 17: Table 18: Table 19: Table 20: Global alcoholic drinks market size by category ($bn), 200914 Regional share of beer launches (%), 2007-10 Leading flavor types in global beer launches (%), 2007-10 Top 20 flavors in global beer launches, 2007-2010 Regional share of flavored alcoholic beverage launches (%), 2007-10 15 19 20 22 36
Leading flavor types in global flavored alcoholic beverage launches (%), 200710 38 Top 20 flavors in global flavored alcoholic beverages launches, 2007-2010 Regional share of flavored vodka launches (%), 200710 Leading flavor types in global vodka launches (%), 200710 Top 20 flavors in global vodka launches, 2007-2010 A guide to vodka taste based on gradings Regional share of liqueur launches (%), 200710 Leading flavor types in global liqueur launches (%), 2007-10 Top 20 flavors in global liqueur launches, 2007-2010 Regional share of gin launches (%), 200710 Leading flavor types in global gin launches (%), 200710 Top 20 flavors in global gin launches, 2007-2010 Regional share of rum new product launches (%), 2007-10 Leading flavor types in global rum launches (%), 200710 Top 20 flavors in global rum launches, 2007-2010 39 52 54 55 67 70 71 73 87 89 90 101 102 104
Executive summary
Beer
The largest growing flavor types in global beer launches in the 2007-10 period were citrus, ginger and berry, while the biggest falling was malt. The growth of soft drinks-like flavors at the expense of more traditional beer flavors is indicative of manufacturer attempts to attract new consumers (particularly women) and compete against ciders and flavored alcoholic beverages. New trends in flavors in the beer category combine both traditional and modern elements of. Craft beer makers particularly are introducing many novel flavors, such as savory flavors. Another key trend is very traditional brewing styles and flavors, and the use of old style ingredients and other flavorings. In addition, efforts are being made to experiment with different hop varieties to create different flavored beers. At the same time, the Asian influence on the beer market is also changing perceptions of what beer is a move away from the idea of a highly traditional, pure product unchanged in centuries. In short, Japanese and Chinese consumers are less resistant to changes in flavors and the format of what beer should be, and their influence will spread westwards.
New trends to emerge in flavored alcoholic beverages include energizing drinks targeted at older, stay at home consumers, and the user of much less sweet flavors. In addition, more natural and plant extract flavors such as chili are appearing in flavored alcoholic beverages to give brands an air of healthiness.
The drive towards more botanical and less sweet flavors is part of an clear move to attract more male drinkers. We are seeing more masculine packaging and marketing and flavored alcoholic beverages positioned as a refreshing, often summer focused, alternative to beer.
Vodka
The leading flavor types in new vodka launches in 2010 were citrus, sweet and berry, and the fastest growing flavor types of the 20072010 period were apple/pear, citrus and sweet flavors. Because citrus and berry flavors are reasonably mature now, manufacturers are now marketing specific fruit varieties and linking flavors with regions to give more of a sense of authenticity. A key trend is that subtle flavors are gaining traction with the emergence of infused flavor vodkas instead of syrup flavored vodka brands. Good-for-you vodkas are also becoming popular, leading manufacturers to infuse their products with a variety of healthy ingredients, such as aai berries. Vodka already carries a perception of being a slimmers drink and manufacturers are pushing it as a healthier alternative to more sugary or calorific drinks. Savory vodkas have become a hot trend although these are more novelty for the most part and unlikely to have anything like the impact of sweeter, fruit-based flavors. Flavored vodkas are also being marketed specifically as an accompaniment to specific foods and as a key ingredient in various homemade recipes.. There has been a flavor backlash in some vodka circles: as with other products, a counterreaction to innovation and experimentation is a move by traditionalists to purer and higher end products. Plain vodka is promoted as being flavorsome enough on its own without adding additional ingredients and
there are significant numbers of new, super premium vodkas competing on the basis of who is the most pure/filtered etc.
Liqueurs
Berry, citrus and spicy were the strongest growing flavor categories in new liqueur launches in the period 20072010. Berry flavors have a strong female focus, with growing flavors like cranberry attractive due to their positive health profile. Citrus flavor types have a more gender neutral target, but have a strong leaning to the summer months as refreshing beverages. Meanwhile, spicy flavors are up and coming and include chili and pepper, which offer interesting tasting notes that contrast well to sweet flavorings. The sweet flavor type itself is falling out of favor, as consumers increasingly demand more sophisticated flavors. Liqueur manufacturers are looking to the past for flavor inspiration. Heritage flavors are being revived for modern tastes, while well-known liqueurs are being reformatted to be more true to their original concoctions. Manufacturers are sensing that liqueurs may come back into fashion as a retro or cult choice. Ethical products have filtered into the liqueur sector: organic, fairtrade and locally grown ingredients featuring increasingly in new products, thereby aiming to attract the green consumer to their brands.
Gin
Botanicals and floral were the strongest growing flavor categories from 2007 to 2010, while generic fruit and exotic fruit were the flavor types seeing the highest falls. Traditional flavors still have a strong in gin, and non-standard flavors have failed to take off as consumers do not perceive them to complement the products traditional flavorings of juniper and herbal/botanical infusions. Lighter gins seen by manufacturers as key to attracting new consumers especially lightening the flavor profile with floral or less strong botanical flavors.
New production methods are being introduced to bring new flavors to gin, including the use of cold distillation which enables fresh fruit to be used instead of dried fruit.
Healthier gin ingredients also bring an opportunity option of attracting health conscious consumers to the sector. For example, one brand aims to exploit the appeal of the Mediterranean diet by using ingredients grown in this region in its gin.
Rum
In 2010, exotic fruit, citrus, spicy and sweet were the leading flavor types in new rum launches, while the largest growing flavor types of the 2007-2010 period were citrus, spicy, anise and botanical. The rum sector is becoming increasingly consolidated, with a few brands accounting for a high proportion of the market. One of the ways in which smaller producers are hitting back is to band together and produce blended offerings that offer something different to the competition. There are small rum producers in the US that are attracting the attention of rum commentators by offering unique tasting rums to rival their larger competitors. These players are attempting to bring rum production back to its roots in the US through micro-distilling. Larger rum producers are aiming to capitalize on the resurgent interest in craft rums by releasing rums that have ultra-premium characteristics and an appealing production story.
Chapter 1 Introduction
Market overview
Given the intense competition for market share in the alcoholic drinks sector, manufacturers are under constant pressure to establish product differentiation. Having seen little or no experimentation in the not so distant past, flavor innovation has become a key means both to differentiate and drive penetration among new audiences. This is particularly relevant to the large but more mature categories such as beer, and the small but faster growing sectors such as vodka and rum (see Table 1). New flavors can provide the impetus to boost a stagnating category, or create interest in an up and coming sector that consumers have not delved into as much.
Category
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
CAGR 200914 1.3% 3.4% 2.1% 4.2% 0.3% 2.4% 1.7% 1.6%
Beer Vodka Liqueurs Rum FABs Gin & Genever Others Total
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Manufacturers are looking outside their own sectors to see what flavors are emerging and gaining popularity. Cross pollination among drink category flavors is prevalent as marketers seek out what is on-trend in other sectors which could also work for them.
A key source of innovation for the alcoholic drinks industry is soft drinks. In the past five years, soft drinks manufacturers have innovated heavily in natural products, functional products and, a combination of those two trends, integrating superfruits and more exotic botanicals into their products. In alcoholic drinks, we are seeing similar trends emerge into the mainstream flavors such as cranberry are popular as they have both a better for you appeal and the right balance of sweetness and depth. For similar reasons, citrus flavors remain popular, although we are seeing more differentiation where previously lemon or orange predominated now manufacturers are distinguishing what type of lemon, or using less common citrus flavors such as lime.
Definitions
This report will look at the impact of flavor innovation in the alcoholic drinks market and will analyze flavor trends in the following alcoholic drinks categories: Beer; Flavored alcoholic beverages; Vodka; Liqueurs; Gin; Rum.
Chapter 2 Beer
Summary
The largest growing flavor types in global beer launches in the 2007-10 period were citrus, ginger and berry, while the biggest falling was malt. The growth of soft drinks-like flavors at the expense of more traditional beer flavors is indicative of brewer attempts to attract new consumers (particularly women) and compete against ciders and flavored alcoholic beverages. New trends in flavors in the beer category combine both traditional and modern elements of. Craft beer makers particularly are introducing many novel flavors, such as savory flavors. Another key trend is very traditional brewing styles and flavors, and the use of old style ingredients and other flavorings. In addition, efforts are being made to experiment with different hop varieties to create different flavored beers. At the same time, the Asian influence on the beer market is also changing perceptions of what beer is a move away from the idea of a highly traditional, pure product unchanged in centuries. In short, Japanese and Chinese consumers are less resistant to changes in flavors and the format of what beer should be, and their influence will spread westwards.
Introduction
Beer is the largest alcoholic drinks category in the world, accounting for global sales of $531.1 billion in 2010. However, growth is relatively weak, with an estimated compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.3% between 2009 and 2014. Introducing flavored beers, both familiar flavors and more exotic variants, has been an attractive means of boosting sales. Brewers have sought to attract new drinkers to the category as well as inspiring the interest of existing frequent beer drinkers.
Flavor trends
In the 1970s, Morten Meilgaard developed the Beer Flavor Wheel, showing the various flavor traits different types of beer could have. The wheel, shown in Figure 1, was subsequently jointly adopted as the flavor analysis standard by the European Brewery Convention, the American Society of Brewing Chemists, and the Master Brewers Association of the Americas. Flavored beers are designed to both adhere to the charts tasting notes, and add other taste elements to the beer tasting experience that are not included in this chart. In this way, both traditionalist beer drinkers and newcomers to beer are encouraged to experiment with the new flavors that are constantly being added to the beer category.
Figure 1:
The beer flavor wheel was developed to help describe beer flavors
Source: beerflavorwheel.com
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Regional analysis
Europeans are the most prolific drinkers of beer in the world. In 2010, Europe saw the highest proportion of beer products being launched, with 44% of new launches occurring here (see Table 2). This was considerably more than the next leading region for beer launches, North America, which accounted for just over a fifth of new launches (22.6%). However, beer launches have been less plentiful elsewhere and have fallen in Asia Pacific and the Middle East & Africa. The challenge for brewers is to try and boost beer sales in regions where the product is less successful, and introducing novel flavors is a key way they can do this.
2007
2008
2009
2010
Europe North America Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Segment analysis
Traditional beer flavorings such as malt and bitter are the backbone of the beer category. However, brewers are adding novel ingredients to beer that offer different flavor sensations in order to attract new consumers to the market. While flavored beers are still in the minority in the category, they are growing in popularity. Flavor trends in beer launches in the 2007 to 2010 period were dominated by flavors that consumers were already familiar with. Brewers used flavors synonymous with other categories, such as soft drinks, from citrus and berry, to other fruit and sweet flavor types. This is shown by examining both the leading flavor types of the period, and in the fastest growing flavor types in new beer launches (as shown below). Brewers are
attempting to attract consumers with flavorings familiar to them, but sufficiently new to the beer category to garner their interest.
Flavor type
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 200710 8.8% 3.1% 5.1% -12.2% 5.9% 0.3% 2.2% -0.6% -0.6% -0.9%
Citrus Sweet Berry Malt Ginger Exotic fruit Apple/pear Soft fruit Spicy Chocolate
14.5% 13.0% 4.7% 22.1% 0.4% 4.9% 2.5% 4.7% 3.7% 3.5%
15.7% 15.0% 4.3% 19.5% 2.8% 3.8% 1.8% 2.8% 4.8% 4.6%
20.4% 15.2% 3.0% 21.5% 1.4% 3.0% 2.2% 1.7% 5.0% 2.5%
23.3% 16.1% 9.8% 9.8% 6.2% 5.2% 4.7% 4.1% 3.1% 2.6%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Breakdown of key flavor types Berry: blackberry, blackcurrant, blueberry, boysenberry, cranberry, elderberry, forestberry, huckleberry, loganberry, marionberry, raspberry, sourberry, strawberry, and wheatberry Citrus: Bitter Orange, Blood Orange, Citrus, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lemonade, Lime, Orange, Tangerine, Yuzu Ginger: ginger, gingerbread Malt: barley malt, chocolate malt, barley, malt
Figure 2:
Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in beer, 200710
Flavor type
Flavor
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 07-10 6.3% -4.9% 5.9% 4.0% 2.0% -0.2% 1.2% 0.0% -0.2% 0.7% -4.9% 1.4% 0.5% -0.6% 1.4% 0.3% 1.9% -1.2% 1.0% 0.9%
Citrus Malt Ginger Sweet Apple/pear Sweet Citrus Citrus Spicy Soft fruit Other fruit Citrus Citrus Citrus Exotic fruit Berry Berry Chocolate Sweet Anise
Lemon Malt Ginger Honey Apple Caramel Citrus Lime Spicy Cherry Fruit Grapefruit Lemonade Orange Pineapple Raspberry Strawberry Chocolate Cola Licorice
4.0% 14.2% 0.4% 1.2% 2.1% 4.4% 2.5% 2.6% 2.8% 1.4% 7.0% 0.7% 1.6% 2.6% 0.7% 1.8% 0.2% 2.8% 0.5% 0.7%
6.9% 12.2% 2.5% 1.8% 1.5% 3.0% 2.3% 2.0% 4.6% 1.5% 5.6% 1.0% 0.0% 2.0% 0.5% 0.8% 0.5% 2.3% 0.8% 1.5%
5.0% 11.3% 1.4% 3.0% 2.2% 3.0% 6.6% 3.0% 4.7% 0.6% 5.2% 0.8% 1.1% 3.9% 0.0% 0.3% 1.1% 1.9% 0.3% 0.3%
10.4% 9.3% 6.2% 5.2% 4.1% 4.1% 3.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 3:
Citrus beers have grown in popularity due to their exotic but safe image
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Recent launches have seen the emergence of citrus flavored beers which also include another, often more exotic flavoring. For example, Samuel Adams introduced the 2010 Longshot Ales in Lemon Pepper Saison to the US in 2010, which Samuel Adams employee homebrew winner Jeremy White said "is brewed with Grains of Paradise, an exotic tropical spice." It is claimed to have a peppery flavor complemented by a slightly sweet aroma with hints of vanilla and citrus. In addition, Anadolu Efes Biracilik ve Malt Sanayii introduced an agave and lemon flavoring of its Mariachi Dry brand of beer in Turkey in 2009. Both offer citrus notes with added flavor elements derived from additional ingredients, helping them standout in the market. Another company that has seen the potential of citrus as a beer flavoring is German flavor and fragrance company Symrise. In 2010, the company launched a new range of beverage flavors to capitalize upon citrus status as a multi-faceted classic with world appeal. Symrise's new beer offerings included '7 Citrus', a blended beer that incorporates seven different citrus fruits, and ISO! which is a low-alcohol beer with grapefruit lemon flavoring. The company noted that its decision to concentrate on citrus beverages was prompted by the familiarity of the flavor, with over half of the entire global drinks market consisting of citrus beverages, encompassing
everything from waters and juices to sodas, beers and liqueurs. Consequently, the firm feels that it is on safe ground with the new launches it describes as, "new interpretations of familiar [citrus] flavors". Stephan Rker, Symrise category development director of non-alcoholic beverages said: Citrus gives people freshness and tanginess orange and lemon flavors in particular have always had a certain exotic touch. At the same time, though, they are well-established, and they delight a wide audience. Growing: Ginger Ginger was the second highest growing flavor type of the 2007 to 2010 period and also in the top three of the strongest flavor types in the beer category in 2010 (see Figure 2). The flavoring has strong associations with traditional beverages, such as non-alcoholic ginger beer and ginger wine. Nostalgia is therefore an important part of its revival, particularly in countries where non-alcoholic ginger beer is traditional. With the growing interest in nostalgia among consumers, prompted by the recession (and the desire to seek comfort in the past), brewers have launched alcoholic ginger beers to tap into this trend. In 2010, for example, Halewood International launched a ginger beer to complement its ginger wine brand Crabbies. Other recent European launches include Franks alcoholic ginger beer from Kopparberg Cider of Sweden, Chalkys Bark, Blandford Fly and Ginger Tom (from Sharps, Hall & Woodhouse and Robinsons, respectively). Commenting on the trend for ginger beer, Al Cross, brand manager for Crabbies at Halewood, said: The palate of consumers is changing and theyre becoming more adventurous. There are people who may have tried ginger biscuits when they were a child, but have grown up and find that their tastes have matured and ginger is something theyre rediscovering, (As quoted by morningadvertiser.co.uk, 2010). Another aspect that is influencing the growth in ginger beer launches is the growing popularity of Asian cuisine in western markets. Ginger beer is a traditional beverage in Asia and remains popular there. And the flavor is now becoming more popular in Europe where Asian culture is having a growing influence on societys eating and drinking habits.
In addition, the healthy nature of the ingredient has proved a key selling point for some brewers. Fentimans, for example, produces Hollows Superior Alcoholic Ginger Beer in the UK, and emphasizes that it is made from 100% natural ingredients and is free from artificial colors, flavors and preservatives. Another recent launch, in the US, is Ineeka's Organic Himalayan Green Tea Bier. It is claimed to contain 100% organic hops, 100% organic ginger, yeast and water, and green tea. Both brands attempt to tap into consumers growing health concerns which have led them to choose beverages, including alcoholic drinks, that are perceived as being better for them.
Figure 4:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Berry The berry flavor type encompasses a wide range of berry flavors, from the familiar, such as strawberry and raspberry, to more exotic variants like wheatberry and marionberry. This broad coverage contributed to it becoming the third fastest growing category of beer launches over the past four years and the joint third most popular in 2010 (see Table 3 and Figure 2). The strongest performing berry flavors in 2010 were raspberry and strawberry which both featured in 2.1% of new beer launches. Strawberry, in particular, has become more popular over the past few years having been barely used as a beer flavoring in 2007. In contrast, raspberry has been more static, growing by only 0.3
percentage points over the same period. Berry flavors have connotations of both the exotic and the familiar, with many berry types being well used in drinks categories. They are perceived as being safe to experiment with in beer products, while also offering some degree of experimentation. While many fruit beers have an image of being sweet, berry flavored beers often also have sour properties to appeal to consumers who may have a less sweet tooth but are also enthusiastic drink experimenters. Sour beer, for example, is often fermented with berries to help provide its distinct sour taste. Originating in Belgium, sour beer is now becoming increasingly popular in other parts of the world such as the US. Aged in barrels and fermented with special yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, sour beers have fruits such as raspberries and cherries added to them before blending the end results. Russian River Consecration is a sour beer sold in the US which is fermented with Brettanomyces yeast and 30 pounds of dried currants to create a sour taste. In addition, berry flavored beers are often perceived as a seasonal addition to beers lines, being offered in summer months as a refreshing alternative to conventional beers. This limited edition status can add to their desirability as they are not sold always available
Figure 5:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Falling: Malt The flavor type that has fallen the most over the past four years is malt. Although this was the joint third most popular flavor in new beer launches in 2010, malt as a specific, identifiable and marketed flavor in beer, fell 12.2 percentage points in popularity from 2007 to 2010 (see Figure 6). At a global level, this is a fundamental shift in flavor preferences which signals the extent to which lighter and more flavored beers are driving uptake.
Figure 6: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in beer (percentage point change), 2007-10
-12.2%
Malt
-4.9%
Generic fruit
-3.0%
Botanical
-2.8%
Bitter
-1.1%
Other
-14%
-12%
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Innovation trends
The following section offers an analysis of the current innovation trends that are impacting the flavored beer sub-category.
Harry Schuhmacher, editor of Beer Business Daily, commented that it is younger drinkers that are driving the rise of craft beers due to their desire for beverages with bolder flavors. "Younger people like things that have bolder taste in coffee, chocolate, anything. Younger people were raised with bolder flavors. A Bud Light just tastes awfully light to someone who's been drinking Starbucks since the seventh grade," (quoted in the Chicago Tribune, 2010). Craft beer brewers therefore have an opportunity to target their flavored offerings at younger aged drinkers in their 20s and 30s who show enthusiasm for beers that use adventurous flavors.
brand. The beer contains a variety of different malts, namely pale malt, German specialty malts and traditional (Saaz) and 21st century Bavarian hops, along with German yeast. Such variety in malt content differentiations the drink from its rivals. Another company that has looked to the past for inspiration in beer product innovation is Lion Brewery in the US, which partnered with Drinks Americas to reintroduce Rheingold in 2010, a brand of beer which was last available in the 1970s. Originally developed over a hundred years ago, the brand reportedly had a strong following in New York in the 1950s. The revival aims to capitalize on this heritage through its can design and marketing. However, Lion Brewery is said to have altered the original recipe to cater for modern consumer tastes, highlighting how the modern can interject with heritage brands to make a more appealing product.
consumer to drink more without feeling overwhelmed by the taste. Such flavorings are often developed from the base ingredients of beer rather than adding ingredients to its traditional format. Again, this type of production process makes the end product appealing to core beer drinkers (who on the whole prefer traditional beer formats over those with added flavors) rather than new drinkers to the category. Various brewers are attempting to develop session beers that are flavorful yet subtly so, thereby encouraging the drinker to have more than one glass in one session. The potential of session drinks with subtle but interesting flavor notes is highlighted by the growth of numerous brands, including: Revolution Brewing Cos Workingman Mild. An English luncheon beer with toffee and caramel notes. Two Brothers Brewing Co.'s Long Haul Session Ale. An amber-hued mild ale aged in oak. Jason Ebel, Two Brothers owner, noted that: "We wanted to produce a beer that has a tremendous flavor with a lot going on but not a lot of alcohol. We wanted it to be a beer that you can sit down and enjoy more than one of." Metropolitan Brewing's Krankshaft Kolsch. A beer brewed like a lager, yet one that uses ale yeast. Doug Hurst, Metropolitan brewer is quoted as saying: "I'm a fan of less is more and balance. It's about subtlety rather than being hammered over the head."
Beer giants female focused efforts Molson Coors is one beer giant that is attempting to woo the female drinker. It has set up the Bittersweet Partnership business unit with the aim of finding out more about womens attitudes to beer. With the insight it is collecting through this unit, the company aims to launch a specific range of beer for women in 2011, featuring flavors and packaging designs to appeal to the feminine palate. In addition, an organization called Dea Latis has been launched in the UK, which aims to bring beer to women'. The group, named after the Celtic goddess of beer and water, is backed by industry heavyweights including Heineken, Wells & Young, Greene King and the Campaign for Real Ale (Camra). It aims to promote beer to women through a series of marketing efforts. These organizations show the concerted efforts the industry is undertaking to encourage the unenthusiastic female drinker to take a more positive view of beer. Females targeted with fruit beers A long held strategy has held that women like flavored beers. In recent years, however, it is less the sweet aspect of this flavor choice that has been promoted and more its healthy and refreshing benefits, along with being ideal to enjoy in the summer months. In this way, such products are designed to appeal to womens demands in their drinks choices. An emphasis on natural ingredients has been part of this trend, with women demanding drinks that have fewer artificial ingredients that are perceived as being bad for health. In 2009, Rushing Dolls launched the Harry's Beer Original Beautiful Beer for Women in the UK, described as a "delicious pale ale designed with the female palate in mind with a refreshing citrus zing" and featuring "beautiful, natural ingredients." Other recent female-targeted fruit flavored beers to be launched around the world include the Essa Pineapple-Grapefruit beer released in Russia by SABMiller, and the lemon flavored Redds which is distributed in Ecuador by Bavaria SA.
Figure 7:
Essa PineappleGrapefruit
Source: Business Insights
Female brewers Although the majority of beer is brewed by men, there have emerged craft breweries which are run by women. For example, Carol Stoudt is founder of Pennsylvanias Stoudt Brewing Company, producing female friendly beers such as American Pale Ale which is said to have a citrus aroma. In addition, New York-based Harlem Brewing Company was founded by Celeste Beatty, and produces beer such as the Golden Ale, a light-bodied ale with a nut-flavored influence. Such breweries offer a womans take on the brewing process and could appeal to the female drinker because of this.
Conclusions
There is significant innovation in flavors in beer. At the same time, the use of malt as a specific, marketable flavor has fallen significantly. Despite this, there is a natural counter-reaction to flavor innovation as brewers seek to differentiate with lighter flavors on the basis of purity, traditional brewing methods all trends that have occurred in areas such as vodka. Citrus flavors remain predominant. However, they look to be quite saturated. Brewers will need to differentiate more on the basis either of the quality of citrus flavor or introduce more exotic citrus flavors. Savory flavors will remain niche. However, flavor matching the idea that certain beers better suit certain foods is an important trend that will impact on the flavor notes that brewers use to describe their beers. There is still significant scope to introduce more natural flavors and superfruit flavors into beer. Although these are likely to remain quite niche, the most likely candidates for flavors are sweet/tart superfruits including cranberry, pomegranate, ginger. A key development is the growing importance of the Asian beer market, where traditional sacred cows about what does/does not constitute a beer are less observed. This will drive flavor innovation that will, in turn, influence western drinking patterns.
Introduction
Flavored alcoholic beverages (FABs) is one of the smallest categories in the alcoholic drinks market, recording global sales of $22.4bn in 2010. It consists of alcoholic soft drinks (such as malt beverages), premixed spirits (such as vodka and coke mix in a can) and wine coolers (made from wine and fruit). Sold mainly in cans and bottles, the drinks are sweet in nature and often high in alcohol content. The fact that the sweetness masks the alcohol content is a point of controversy, fuelling criticisms that FABs attract under age drinkers. Indeed, an alternative name for this category is 'alcopops'.
The category is relatively new compared to other alcoholic sectors having gaining popularity in the US in the 1980s and 1990s with the introduction of brands such as Bacardi Breezer and Diageo's Smirnoff Ice as well as successful smaller producers such as Mike's Hard Lemonade. The modern day challenge for manufacturers is to develop new flavors that appeal to adult drinkers and, increasingly, an older profile of consumers.
Flavor trends
Regional analysis
New flavored alcoholic beverages launches were most common in Asia Pacific in 2010, where over 40% of new products were introduced (see Table 5). However, Europe is catching up, accounting for only a slightly smaller proportion of new flavored alcoholic beverage launches in 2010. While launches in Europe have fallen since 2007, they are growing in the smaller Latin American market, highlighting the confidence manufacturers have that this is a growing category, where consumers are receptive to new product introductions and flavors.
2007
2008
2009
2010
Asia Pacific Europe North America Latin America Middle East & Africa
Source: Product Launch Analytics
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Segment analysis
The largest flavor types in newly launched flavored alcoholic beverages for 2010 were citrus, cocktail and exotic fruit, which have traditionally been popular flavor types in other alcoholic drink categories. In addition, the largest growing flavor types for the 2007-10 period were soft fruit, citrus and sweet (see Figure 8 and Figure 12 and Table 6). As flavored alcoholic beverages have little specific underlying flavor or engrained consumer expectations, manufacturers have had much greater latitude to experiment with flavors. However, manufacturers are still relying on flavor types that are familiar to consumers.
Figure 8: Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in flavored alcoholic beverages, 2007-10
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Table 6: Leading flavor types in global flavored alcoholic beverage launches (%), 200710
Category Citrus Cocktail Exotic fruit Berry Soft fruit Sweet Grape Apple/pear Ginger Botanical
2007 23.2% 12.5% 14.9% 13.4% 6.4% 4.6% 7.8% 3.9% 0.7% 2.7%
2008 29.8% 11.9% 14.8% 8.3% 7.5% 5.6% 5.2% 7.1% 1.3% 1.9%
2009 22.5% 13.5% 18.6% 8.7% 9.2% 5.1% 9.0% 5.1% 0.5% 1.4%
2010 26.4% 14.3% 13.8% 11.0% 9.7% 7.6% 5.5% 4.4% 1.8% 1.4%
Percentage point change 200710 3.2% 1.8% -1.1% -2.4% 3.3% 2.9% -2.3% 0.5% 1.1% -1.3%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Breakdown of key flavor types Berry: acai, ashberry, berry, blackcurrant, cassis, chokeberry, cranberry, elderberry, forestberry, lingonberry, raspberry, red berry, red fruit, redcurrant, strawberry, wildberry; Citrus: Amanatsu, Bitter Orange, Blood Orange, Citrus, Grapefruit, Hassaku, Japanese Citron, Kabosu, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Orange, Pink Grapefruit, Pink Lemonade, Red Orange, Ruby Grapefruit, Shekwasha, Sudachi, Tangelo, Tropical Orange, White Grapefruit, Yuzu; Cocktail: amaretto, bourbon, cognac, gin, rum, sangria, saketequila, shochu, vodka, whisky, white rum; Exotic fruit: banana, carambola, coconut, dragonfruit, exotic fruit, feijoa, guava, gold kiwi, goyave, guanabana, kiwi, lychee, mango, maracuja, melon, papaya, passionfruit, pineapple, pomegranate, starfruit, tropical watermelon; Soft fruit: apricot, cherry, Japanese apricot, peach, plum, sour cherry, white peach, yellow plum; Sweet: candy, calpis, caramel, cola, honey, lemonade, marshmallow, sugarcane, sweet, toffee, vanilla.
Flavor type
Flavor
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 07-10 2.4% -1.5% -0.6% 0.7% -2.5% 2.9% -0.7% 0.5% -0.9% 0.1% -0.6% -0.4% -0.1% 1.6% -0.4% 1.6% 1.8% 1.1% 1.1% 0.6%
Citrus Citrus Citrus Soft fruit Cocktail Sweet Citrus Berry Exotic fruit Exotic fruit Apple/pear Berry Cocktail Sweet Berry Cocktail Cocktail Exotic fruit Grape Exotic fruit
Lime Orange Lemon Peach Vodka Cola Grapefruit Strawberry Pineapple Mango Apple Cranberry Rum Calpis Raspberry Tequila Whisky Lychee Muscat Pomegranate
2.7% 6.6% 5.4% 3.7% 6.8% 1.0% 4.6% 3.4% 3.7% 2.4% 2.9% 2.7% 2.4% 0.5% 2.4% 0.2% 0.0% 0.5% 0.5% 1.0%
2.7% 6.9% 6.7% 3.5% 4.6% 2.5% 6.7% 2.9% 3.1% 3.3% 4.2% 1.3% 2.1% 1.3% 0.6% 0.8% 0.2% 1.7% 0.6% 0.4%
2.9% 5.3% 6.3% 3.8% 2.7% 1.5% 4.6% 3.2% 4.1% 2.9% 3.2% 1.2% 3.2% 1.4% 0.7% 1.0% 0.2% 0.9% 1.0% 0.7%
5.1% 5.1% 4.8% 4.4% 4.4% 3.9% 3.9% 3.9% 2.8% 2.5% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.1% 2.1% 1.8% 1.8% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 9:
Soft fruit is a popular flavor type for Flavored Alcoholic Beverage launches
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Citrus Citrus was the leading flavor type in FABs in 2010, accounting for over a quarter of all new launches. It was also the second strongest growing flavor since 2007. The citrus group consists of such flavors as lime, orange and lemon, which were the three most popular flavors in spirit-branded beverages in 2010. Lime and orange are the leading citrus flavor types, both featuring on 5.1% new launches in 2010. However, although sharing joint place, orange has fallen slightly in popularity, featuring on slightly fewer products in 2010 than in 2007, while lime has gained share, rising 2.4 percentage points. In Japan, two recent launches standing out: Calpis Bartime Rakuen no Orange [orange in paradise] is a ready-to-drink, low-alcohol cocktail made with orange juice and dark rum which utilizes a novel process of being aged in oak casks. An original milk spirit is also added to produce a distinctive flavor. In addition, the Japanese market has also seen the recent launch of Morita Frusshu Sangria Taste, which is a solid jelly made with a carbonated ready-to-drink, low-alcohol cocktail. It is said to have a light body red wine base, with orange and cinnamon flavorings. The US market has also seen the launch of a novel citrus FAB. The Cordina mar-GO-rita Wine Cocktail in a Classic Lime flavor comes in a resealable, foil, stand-up pouch which is designed to be frozen and eaten as a frozen cocktail (see below). Such launches show that combining a novel aspect such as production method or mouthfeel with a familiar flavor can be a successful means for FAB manufacturers to gain consumer interest in their product.
Figure 10: Manufacturers have capitalized on the popularity of citrus flavors with novel flavored alcoholic beverage launches
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Sweet The sweet flavor type was the third fastest growing from 2007 to 2010, and the sixth most popular in new launches in 2010. It consists of popular drink mixes such as cola and lemonade, as well as flavors such as vanilla and honey. Cola was the most popular sweet flavor type in 2010, featuring on 3.9% of new flavored alcoholic beverage launches. Its popularity is steadily rising having increased by 2.9 percentage points from 2007 to 2010 to become the sixth most popular flavor. The sweet flavor type is popular with manufacturers largely because of its versatility and ability to create a pleasant flavor that can take the edge off strong alcoholic ingredients. There have been various new launches of sweet FABs that have innovative concepts. For example, the Artesanos del Cochiguaz Manjar Lucuma Colada Artesanal, recently launched in Chile, is described as a "syrupy caramel candy and eggfruit" flavored homemade-style cocktail drink. The caramel candy and eggfruit combination would appear to be new to the category. In addition, also in Chile, the Capel Drinks Capel Coctel has been introduced in a Toffee Cream Colada variety, which is a novelty for the flavored alcoholic beverage sector. Elsewhere, in Japan a new honey-based alcoholic drink called Ei-Sho-Gen Sonomama Nomeru has been launched in a novel type of glass packaging, which resembles a jar of honey. These products, shown in Figure 11, show a real
willingness for particularly interesting because they show an overlap across liqueurs and raise the idea of innovation coming from confectionery and dessert flavors.
Figure 11:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Falling: Berry Berry flavors, including familiar favorites such as strawberry, blackcurrant and blackberry, alongside more unusual flavors such as aai and cassis, are losing favor with flavored alcoholic beverage manufacturers. Berry flavors fell by 2.4 percentage points in new product launches in 2010 over 2007.Nonetheless, it should be noted that this is a minor drop. Berry flavors in total were the fourth most popular flavor type. In addition, certain berry flavors, such as strawberry, continue to feature high up on the FAB flavor leaderboard (it was the ninth most popular flavor in 2010, featuring in 3.9% of new products.
Figure 12: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in FABs (percentage point change), 200710
-2.4%
Berry
-2.3%
Grape
-2.0%
Generic fruit
-1.3%
Botanical
-1.1%
Exotic fruit
Tea 0.0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Innovation trends
The following section offers an analysis of the current innovation trends that are impacting flavored alcoholic beverages.
Figure 13:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 14: Mikes Hard Lemonade is focused on the male Flavored Alcoholic Beverage drinker
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Conclusions
The flavored alcoholic beverage category is extremely competitive, where flavor innovation plays a key role in helping brands differentiate. Some key observations of flavor developments are as follows: It is becoming much less acceptable to develop energy FABs Nonetheless, it would be over optimistic to believe that the market for caffeine-enhanced FABs will disintegrate overnight, with younger consumers still demanding alcoholic energy drinks. One way in which manufacturers are addressing this is by toning down the marketing, introducing less sweet flavors and using more natural energy ingredients like guarana. FABs are following other drink categories by using more natural ingredients. There are real lessons to be learnt from the soft drinks market. The term natural is very overused in soft drinks to the point of being almost meaningless and manufacturers who want to build sustainable brands need to be prepared to prove the natural credentials of the ingredients they use. From a marketing standpoint, the key question is how natural adds a price premium how can the natural flavor be positioned as making the brand more exclusive, or adding a better flavor, or used in conjunction with a formulation that is inherently healthier than alternatives. FABs for men can be expected to be a niche of the market in the near-term. Only a small proportion of brands use flavor to target male consumers. The key question here is how to use flavor to encourage switching, especially from beer. At present, many attempts to appeal to male consumers are slightly crass they are not positioned as something consumers might want to drink more than once in an evening. More traditionally male flavors such as ginger, cider apple and botanicals.
Chapter 4 Vodka
Summary
The leading flavor types in new vodka launches in 2010 were citrus, sweet and berry, and the fastest growing flavor types of the 20072010 period were apple/pear, citrus and sweet flavors. Because citrus and berry flavors are reasonably mature now, manufacturers are now marketing specific fruit varieties and linking flavors with regions to give more of a sense of authenticity. A key trend is that subtle flavors are gaining traction with the emergence of infused flavor vodkas instead of syrup flavored vodka brands. Good-for-you vodkas are also becoming popular, leading manufacturers to infuse their products with a variety of healthy ingredients, such as aai berries. Vodka already carries a perception of being a slimmers drink and manufacturers are pushing it as a healthier alternative to more sugary or calorific drinks. Savory vodkas have become a hot trend although these are more novelty for the most part and unlikely to have anything like the impact of sweeter, fruit-based flavors. Flavored vodkas are also being marketed specifically as an accompaniment to specific foods and as a key ingredient in various homemade recipes. There has been a flavor backlash in some vodka circles: as with other products, a counterreaction to innovation and experimentation is a move by traditionalists to purer and higher end products. Plain vodka is promoted as being flavorsome enough on its own without adding additional ingredients and there are significant numbers of new, super premium vodkas competing on the basis of who is the most pure/filtered etc.
Introduction
Considered by some consumers to be relatively bland in its original state, vodka has had flavorful ingredients added to it for many years to be more appealing to consumers, starting in Eastern Europe where the drink originated. The Absolut brand from Sweden has had a major influence introducing flavored vodka into Western and Eastern European markets. Absolut was the first major vodka brand to successfully launch flavored varieties into Western Europe and the US, and began to market these additions in the 1980s. Following the global success of Absolut, many other vodka brands have introduced flavored varieties as a means of creating growth in the category. This has also prompted other spirit brands to follow suit: Danielle Eddy, spokeswoman for the Distilled Spirits Council, noted: "Flavored vodkas have opened the door for flavored rums and infused tequilas and the different types of gins out there. Flavored vodka has started the trend of other flavored products." The flavored vodka market is maturing. Vodka brands now include herb and spice infusions, savory variants and good-for-you antioxidant formulations.
Flavor trends
Vodka originated in Russia and Poland, before expanding into other Eastern European countries and Nordic states. Now a global phenomenon, vodka has become the leading spirits category in the US. Vodka is classified in the US as "neutral spirits, so distilled, or so treated after distillation with charcoal or other materials, as to be without distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color" (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms). This definition, which claims vodka has no distinctive taste, is one which many other vodka loving countries would reject, with consumers enjoying the beverage neat in shots. In the US, the preference is for vodka to be used in mixes, cocktails or in a flavored vodka state. This is not to say that flavored vodka is not popular in its originating countries. In Russia, and Ukraine, vodka flavored with honey and pepper is popular, while in Nordic countries, vodka seasoned with herbs, fruits and spices are popular drinks in midsummer seasonal festivities.
Regional analysis
North America is by far the most popular region for flavored vodka launches, accounting for well over half of all global launches in 2010. This is a substantial increase from 2007, showing how the market has taken off in the region in the past few years (see Table 8). In contrast, the global share of new flavored vodka launches in Europe have fallen sharply. This is likely to highlight a growing trend for unflavored, traditional vodkas among Europeans, instead of flavored variants, especially in the vodka heartlands of Russia and Eastern Europe. Although the actual shift is unlikely to be as severe as the data indicates, it is nonetheless indicative of greater interest in North America for flavored vodkas.
2007 North America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East & Africa Latin America
Source: Product Launch Analytics
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Segment analysis
The leading flavor types in global vodka launches in 2010 were citrus, sweet and berry. Citrus and sweet are also fast growing flavor types, being in the top three for highest growing flavor types from 2007 to 2010. However, apple/pear was the doubled its share of new product launches worldwide (see Figure 15 and Table 9).
Figure 15:
Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in vodka, 2007-10
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Flavor type
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 200710 4.8% 3.2% -5.0% 2.2% 4.9% 0.3% 2.6% -1.1% 1.3% 2.4% 1.1%
Citrus Sweet Berry Exotic fruit Apple/pear Soft fruit Ginger Spicy Chocolate Grape Coffee
16.1% 11.9% 18.7% 9.3% 5.2% 6.2% 1.0% 4.7% 1.6% 0.5% 1.0%
16.4% 10.2% 17.7% 6.6% 4.9% 2.7% 2.2% 5.8% 1.3% 3.1% 0.9%
17.6% 11.5% 13.5% 11.5% 4.7% 6.1% 2.7% 4.1% 1.4% 2.0% 1.4%
20.9% 15.1% 13.7% 11.5% 10.1% 6.5% 3.6% 3.6% 2.9% 2.9% 2.2%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Breakdown of key flavor types Apple/pear: apple, pear; Berry: aai, ashberry, berry, black raspberry, blackberry, blackcurrant, blue raspberry, blueberry,
cloudberry, cowberry, cranberry, currant, forestberry, huckleberry, raspberry, red bilberry, red fruit, redberry, rowanberry, strawberry, wild blackberry, wildberry; Citrus: Blood Orange, Citron, Citrus, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lemonade, Lemongrass, Lime, Mandarin orange, Pink Grapefruit, Pink Lemonade, Red Grapefruit, Tangerine;
Sweet: caramel, cookie, cola, custard, honey, marmalade, root beer, sweet, soda, sugar, toffee, vanilla.
Flavor type
Flavor
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 07-10 5.3% -1.0% 4.0% 3.0% 3.3% 2.6% 1.5% -2.1% 1.3% 2.9% 0.6% 1.6% 1.6% 0.6% -0.4% 2.2% 2.2% -0.1% -2.2% 1.4%
Apple/pear Citrus Sweet Sweet Citrus Ginger Soft fruit Berry Berry Exotic fruit Chocolate Citrus Grape Exotic fruit Apple/pear Citrus Sweet Citrus Berry Coffee
Apple Lemon Caramel Vanilla Orange Ginger Peach Raspberry Blueberry Coconut Chocolate Citron Grape Mango Pear Pink Grapefruit Root Beer Citrus Cranberry Espresso
2.6% 6.7% 1.0% 2.1% 1.0% 1.0% 2.1% 5.7% 1.6% 0.0% 1.6% 0.5% 0.5% 1.6% 2.6% 0.0% 0.0% 1.6% 3.6% 0.0%
1.8% 5.3% 0.4% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 0.4% 4.0% 3.5% 0.0% 1.3% 1.3% 2.7% 1.3% 3.1% 0.0% 0.4% 0.9% 1.3% 0.4%
4.1% 4.1% 2.0% 2.0% 4.7% 2.0% 1.4% 2.7% 0.7% 0.0% 1.4% 0.0% 1.4% 3.4% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7% 2.7% 1.4%
7.9% 5.8% 5.0% 5.0% 4.3% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 2.9% 2.9% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Apple/Pear Apple/pear vodka flavored vodka product launches grew the most during the 2007-10 period, rising 4.9 percentage points. The growing popularity of these flavors is exemplified by their use by the major brands, such as Absolut and Smirnoff. Its growing popularity is partly due to the subtleness of the flavors, which do not impart an overly potent taste to the vodka. This is a desirable feature, with consumers seeking more natural tasting beverages. Apple was actually the most popular flavor used in new vodka product launches in 2010. It featured on 7.9% of these launches, rising by 5.3 percentage points compared to 2007. In contrast, pear featured in just 2.2% of new vodka launches in 2010. An interesting point about apples is how distillers are using the flavor to highlight regional credentials. For example, in the UK, Chase Distillery has developed a Pure English Apple Vodka under the Naked Chase brand which is described as the first vodka made from organic cider apples to be produced using traditional methods. The product addresses trends for purity, naturalness and region specificity (it uses English apples). In addition, the Absolut brand range has introduced the Limited Edition Brooklyn Vodka with Red Apple and Ginger flavor in the US. The fact that it is tagged as containing red apples is very specific, helping it stand out from other apple flavored brands.
Figure 16:
Apple and pear vodkas have been launched in specific fruit varieties
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Citrus Citrus was the most popular flavor type in vodka in 2010 and also the second largest growing flavor for the 200710 period, up 4.8 percentage points. Along with traditional beverage flavor favorites such as lemon and orange, citrus flavors include some more unusual and specific varieties such as mandarin and red grapefruit. However, traditional favorites remain the most popular. Lemon was still the leading flavor within this citrusflavored vodkas type and also the second most popular of all flavored vodkas launched in 2010. It featured on 5.8% of new vodka launches in 2010, slightly ahead of orange (featuring on 4.3% of new launches, which positioned it in fifth place on the vodka flavor leader board for 2010). Because lemon and citrus flavors and reasonable mature, distillers are differentiating in other ways, appropriating some of the marketing language of wine to give flavors a sense of terroir. The Coastal Citrus variety of Moon Mountain Vodka is marketed as being created using lemons grown in an ideal coastal
landscape, with a warm moist coastal climate and sandy, well drained soil. The makers also suggest pairing the vodka with seafood. Another brand which attempts to add a premium aspect to the citrus flavoring is Flawless Vodka with its Canary Yellow variety. The product, available in the US, is packaged in an attractive bottle and is colored a delicate yellow shade; the coloring is an essential part of the product marketing, defining the flavor as being subtle and of premium quality. These premium vodkas highlight an important trend that is becoming important across alcoholic drinks that the quality of the natural flavor as is the case in soft drinks is a point of differentiation. Similarly, the regional aspect of the flavor as is the case in wine is also becoming more important.
Figure 17:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Sweet Sweet was the second most popular flavor type in 2010 and the third largest growing in the 200710 period. It includes flavors such as caramel, vanilla and root beer, as well as honey, marmalade and custard. Of these, caramel and vanilla were the most popular sweet flavors in 2010, both featuring in 5.0% of new vodka launches in this year, which made them the joint third most popular overall vodka flavors for this year.
Sweet flavors are designed to appeal to younger vodka drinkers, although there are examples of more subtle sweet flavors marketed at more sophisticated palates. Examples of this duality are shown in the different types of sweet flavors presented in Garvey Caramel and Pinky Vodka. The former is marketed in Spain by Grupo Garvey. This is a sweet and creamy drink with a bright and crystalline amber color, designed to appeal to younger drinkers through an intense sweet flavor. Pinky Vodka, available in India, is a more subtle type of sweet vodka that gains its flavoring from a slightly sweet winter wheat. It is said to be hand blended with violets, rose petals, and ten other botanicals to create a flavor kissed with the delicate fragrance of a midnight garden".
Figure 18:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Falling: Berry Although berry flavors were in the top three leading flavor types for new launches in 2010, they saw the greatest decline in share of product launches from 2007 to 2010. The flavor type includes a vast number of berry flavors, such as the well known varieties of raspberry and blueberry. These were the highest ranking berry flavors of 2010, and were also in the top ten of overall vodka flavors for the year. Vodka berry flavors are much more experimental than in other product categories: berry flavors also include more unusual
varieties ranging from ashberry and cloudberry, to wildberry and cowberry, which feature in far fewer vodka launches. One key reason for the relative decline in the use of berry as a vodka flavor can be found in the production process. According to the master distiller at the Ciroc vodka brand, Jean-Sebastian Robiquet, "It's very difficult to get the rich real flavors you want with raspberries and strawberries". In order to produce a true berry flavor, Ciroc uses natural incense instead of an infusion in its Ciroc Red Berry brand. This is derived from a technique used by pastry chefs to enhance berry desserts and involves creating a marmalade to draw a distillation from. The finished product is said to have a natural fruit leather mouthfeel with a slight zing. The novel incense process highlights how manufacturers are overcoming flavor challenges and looking to food processes to develop more natural tasting, intense flavorings.
Figure 19: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in vodka (percentage point change), 200710
Berry Botanical -2.4% -2.1% -1.9% -1.7% -1.6% -1.6% -1.1% -1.0% -0.8% -0.3% -6.0% -5.0% -4.0% -3.0% -2.0% -1.0% General fruit Dairy Anise Mint Other Nut Spicy Bitter Floral Vegetable 0.0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
-5.0% -4.8%
Innovation trends
The following section offers an analysis of the current innovation trends that are impacting flavored vodkas.
Figure 20:
Healthy vodkas are emerging, including herbal and aai infused varieties
Belvedere 1X
Source: Company information
consists of varieties such as cherry, citrus and raspberry, showing how consumers have responded positively to its image of naturalness.
Figure 21:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Other more minor brands have sought to create differentiation in their own lines by producing flavored vodka lines that involve a more thorough production process. The California-based Charbay Distillery, for example, uses hand-picked fruit extracts in its flavored vodkas. In this way, the company believes it can select the freshest fruit to infuse with its vodka. The vodkas are claimed to be free of essences, perfumes, dyes, fragrances and artificially created natural flavorings. Charbay's production process is central to its marketing strategy. By emphasizing the care taken in sourcing ingredients and creating the final product, the implication is that a higher quality drink is the end result, In-house created infused vodkas are also being created in restaurants, and appealing to experimental consumers due to the uniqueness of their offerings they are produced in small batches and in some unusual flavors. The 715 restaurant in Kansas, for example, created a spring and summer menu in 2010 that included a garlic- and Calabrian chili-infused vodka for use in Bloody Marys, while The Bourgeois Pig, also in
Kansas, produces vodkas infused with hot pepper, blackberry, and pineapple ginger. While not all of these flavors will appeal to the general consumer, vodka manufacturers can take inspiration from the small batch products produced in the restaurant setting for potential development across their own larger lines.
Figure 22:
Bakon Vodka
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
BBQ and marinade sauces. Such marketing highlights a desire by manufacturers to expand consumer vision on the possibilities of flavored vodka in the home and therefore increase consumer vodka purchases.
A flavor backlash
A natural counterreaction to the growth of flavored vodkas is a form of backlash, as distillers look to emphasize the subtlety and quality of unflavored vodkas. Many of these premium brands are positioned as having smooth, clean flavors that can be enjoyed on their own. For example, Shakers Vodka is an American brand that promotes itself as a premium vodka that accentuates the natural flavor inherent to the drink. The company has produced a tasting guide, shown below, which shows the processes and tasting notes of different grades of vodka. The higher the grade, the better the flavor, with ultra-premium said to have true smoothness, more pronounced individual character. In 2010, The Fifty Best website named its top three unflavored vodkas based on their taste profiles, describing its favorite, Absolut, as being smooth, assertive, light, floral with notes of caramel, vanilla, cream, white peppercorn, honey, butter. Finlandia, meanwhile, was described as smooth, lightly floral, spicy, sweet, medium-body, approachable, complex, nutty, with a nice, clean finish. Both of these products, therefore, are considered to have flavorful tastes when served neat, showing how premium vodkas are being promoted as flavorsome on their own without added flavorings, and are designed to offer a key point of differentiation to less premium brands.
Well Corn, milo, sorghum and other inexpensive sources of starch 2 - 3 columns Typically none
Better Corn, milo, sorghum and other inexpensive sources of starch 2 - 3 columns None or simple charcoal filtering A little burny, no individual character
Premium A single, better quality ingredient like potato, soy or wheat 2 - 4 columns None to more involved charcoal filtering Less burny to somewhat smooth, can exhibit individual character
Ultra-Premium A single, better quality ingredient like potato, soy or wheat 2 - 6 columns None to very complex filtering True smoothness, more pronounced individual character
Distillation Filtration
Taste
Burns
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Conclusions
Vodka is one of the most mature flavored alcoholic drinks categories, with much higher levels of flavor experimentation by manufacturers. Some key future trends include: Vodka flavors will become more focused on subtle and natural flavors as consumers become more refined in their tastes for flavored vodkas and prejudiced against poorer quality, cheaper flavored vodkas which have a more syrupy, sweeter taste. The background history, development, quality and sustainability of vodka flavors will become more important as the whole premium flavored and unflavored vodka market matures premium vodkas will be challenged on how natural their flavors are, what their sustainability and quality credentials are. Distillers are likely to develop new methods to add flavors to vodka. Currently, infusions are on-trend, but other methods could emerge that follow small batch producers into creating more true to life flavoring.
Chapter 5 Liqueurs
Summary
Berry, citrus and spicy were the strongest growing flavor categories in new liqueur launches in the period 20072010. Berry flavors have a strong female focus, with growing flavors like cranberry attractive due to their positive health profile. Citrus flavor types have a more gender neutral target, but have a strong leaning to the summer months as refreshing beverages. Meanwhile, spicy flavors are up and coming and include chili and pepper, which offer interesting tasting notes that contrast well to sweeter flavors. Sweet flavors are becoming less popular as consumers demand something more sophisticated. Liqueur manufacturers are looking to the past for flavor inspiration. Heritage flavors are being revived for modern tastes, while well-known liqueurs are being reformatted to be more true to their original concoctions. Manufacturers are sensing that liqueurs may come back into fashion as a retro or cult choice. Ethical products have filtered into the liqueur sector: organic, fairtrade and locally grown ingredients featuring increasingly in new products, thereby aiming to attract the green consumer to their brands.
Introduction
Liqueurs are typically regarded as strong, sweet, syrupy alcoholic liquors and can be variously flavored. They usually have a lower alcohol content than spirits, and are often served as an after dinner beverage, sometimes being poured directly onto desserts. Famous varieties include kirsch, kmmel, Cointreau, crme de menthe, Drambuie, and Grand Marnier. Liqueurs come in a vast array of flavors, many of which have a strong heritage with a particular region. For example, limoncello has a strong association with southern Italy where it has been made for generations. Global trends in flavor preferences fluctuate, however, with the current trend leaning towards spiced liqueurs that have more of a punch and that are not overpoweringly sweet.
Flavor trends
Regional analysis
In 2010, Europe was the strongest region for liqueur launches, accounting for 77.8% of launches. Manufacturers are experimenting with new flavor mixes and traditional formats (see Table 12). By contrast, consumers in other regions tend to have a stronger leaning towards other flavored alcoholic beverages, such as flavored vodkas, or plain spirits such as whisky.
2007
2008
2009
2010
Europe Asia Pacific North America Latin America Middle East & Africa
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Segment analysis
The leading flavor types in global liqueur launches in 2010 were berry, exotic and citrus (see Table 13), while the three largest growing flavors of the 2007 to 2010 period were berry, citrus and spicy (see below). While berry and citrus flavor types have consistently been favorites with manufacturers over the past few years, spicy is still a minor flavor type which is gaining gradual acceptance as manufacturers show that they are keen to find the next big thing in consumer tastes in liqueurs.
Table 13: Leading flavor types in global liqueur launches (%), 2007-10
Flavor type Berry Exotic fruit Citrus Soft fruit Botanical Sweet Coffee Chocolate Nut Apple/pear Spicy
2007 9.3% 12.7% 8.7% 12.7% 7.1% 10.8% 5.0% 6.8% 4.3% 4.0% 1.9%
2008 10.2% 5.5% 14.2% 9.5% 6.5% 8.7% 5.5% 6.9% 4.7% 3.6% 2.2%
2009 13.7% 7.6% 11.0% 9.1% 6.7% 10.4% 6.1% 5.2% 3.4% 6.1% 2.4%
2010 15.2% 13.4% 11.5% 9.3% 7.1% 7.1% 5.6% 4.7% 4.3% 3.7% 3.7%
Percentage point change, 2007-10 5.9% 0.7% 2.8% -3.4% 0.0% -3.7% 0.6% -2.2% 0.0% -0.3% 1.9%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 23:
Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in liqueurs, 200710
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Breakdown of key flavor types Berry: Ashberry, Berry, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Blueberry, Bramble, Cassis, Cloudberry, Cowberry, Cranberry, Elderberry, Goji, Raspberry, Redcurrant, Rowan Berry, Strawberry, White Currant; Citrus: Blood Orange, Citron, Citrus, Grapefruit, Japanese Citron, Kaffir Lime, Lemon, Lemon Balm, Lemongrass, Lime, Mandarin, Orange, Pink Grapefruit, Ruby Grapefruit, Sudachi, Sweet Orange, Tangerine, Tangy, Yuzu; Spicy: Chili, Chipotle, Cloves, Green cardamom, Pepper, Red pepper, Spice, Spiced apple; Sweet: Brown Sugar, Butterscotch, Caramel, Custard, Cream, Honey, Marzipan, Meringue, Nougat, Sweet, Tiramisu.
Flavor Type
Flavor
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 07-10 1.3% 4.0% 0.6% -0.3% -0.6% 0.9% -1.5% 0.6% -1.2% 0.6% 0.0% 0.6% 1.2% 0.3% 0.0% -2.8% 0.3% 0.3% -0.6% 0.6%
Coffee Berry Soft Fruit Berry Chocolate Citrus Sweet Sweet Vanilla Botanical Exotic fruit Citrus Exotic fruit Apple/pear Exotic fruit Botanical Berry Nut Exotic fruit Citrus
Coffee Cranberry Cherry Strawberry Chocolate Lemon Cream Honey Vanilla Cinnamon Mango Orange Pineapple Apple Banana Herbal Raspberry Almond Coconut Grapefruit
3.7% 0.3% 3.4% 4.3% 4.3% 2.8% 4.3% 2.2% 3.7% 1.5% 2.2% 1.5% 0.9% 1.5% 1.9% 4.6% 1.5% 1.2% 2.2% 0.9%
4.7% 0.0% 3.3% 1.5% 5.5% 4.4% 4.0% 1.1% 4.0% 1.5% 0.0% 3.6% 1.1% 2.2% 0.4% 1.8% 1.8% 1.1% 1.1% 0.7%
5.5% 1.8% 3.0% 1.8% 4.3% 2.7% 3.7% 3.0% 3.0% 0.9% 0.3% 4.0% 0.3% 4.3% 1.5% 3.4% 4.0% 1.5% 0.3% 0.6%
5.0% 4.3% 4.0% 4.0% 3.7% 3.7% 2.8% 2.8% 2.5% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.6% 1.6% 1.6%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Berry Berry was the largest growing liqueur flavor type from 2007 to 2010, benefiting from popular flavors such as cranberry and strawberry. Cranberry was the most popular berry flavor type in 2010 and also the second most popular flavor for liqueurs in the period, featuring in 4.3% of new liqueur launches. Strawberry, was fourth more common flavor in liqueur product launches in 2010, accounting for 4.0% of new launches. In many cases, berry flavors are particularly targeted at women, where product packaging and marketing are feminine looking. For example, Sweet Lips Fruchtlikoer is a German liqueur brand that comes in cranberry and cherry banana flavors (as well as passion fruit), and features female images on the curvy bottles. Where male consumers are also being targeted with berry flavored liqueurs, in some cases it is with novel formats. The FrostShot frozen liquor shot, for example, is available in the UK, Slovenia and the Netherlands in such varieties as the raspberry flavored Wild Berry Blast and consists of a liqueur contained within a one-shot tube that is designed to be frozen before consumption. Other berry liqueur launches have been produced in novel flavor variants to gain differentiation from more familiar flavors. For instance, the Zamaretto brand of amaretto liqueur is available in the UK in blue raspberry flavor, a berry that is said to have a more intense and sour flavor than red raspberries. Such flavoring is likely to appeal to consumers desiring something familiar but slightly different from their usual beverage choices.
Figure 24:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Citrus Citrus was the second largest growing flavor type of the 2007 to 2010 period. It consists of popular flavors such as lemon, orange and grapefruit, which were all leading flavors for new liqueur launches in 2010. The key benefit of citrus flavors is that they are not overly sweet, and appeal to both male and female consumers. Citrus flavors appeal as a refreshing flavor gives them a seasonal aspect we have tracked the launch of limited edition liqueurs which are available only for the summer months. This includes the Luxardo Limoncello, launched in the UK for summer 2010, and recommended to be chilled over ice cream, or enjoy in a summer iced tea. Citrus flavors includes regional liqueur varieties that have gained global appeal, such as limoncello. One of the ways that manufacturers have attempted to differentiate in limoncellos is by emphasizing artisan production techniques. For example, the Ventura brand of limoncello in the US has made efforts to differentiate itself in the market by using tree-ripened, preservative-free fruits rich with lemon oils to make a limoncello up to their exacting standards.
Figure 25:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Spicy Spicy flavors were one of the leading flavor types in 2010. The most popular variant, pepper, only featured in 1.6% of new liqueur launches in 2010, making it the 24th most common flavor in new product launches. However, spicy is an emergent flavor trend and is increasingly being used in new liqueurs. It includes pepper, as well as chili and cloves. Between 2007 and 2010, the share of new product launches in liqueurs accounted for by spicy flavors doubled. Spicy liqueurs have grown in popularity due to the success of mixing spice and sweet flavors, both as limited edition winter flavors designed to warm up consumers from the cold, or as year round flavor enhancers that add interesting flavor notes to beverages. Recent brands to promote their spicy flavoring include the Ganad Rebella liqueur, available in Belgium, France, Hungary, Spain and Switzerland. This liqueur is claimed to have a fruity taste with a full, spicy finale on the palate, and is made from red and blackcurrant wines. Manufacturers are also launching liqueurs that advertise specific spices. For example, having proved a successful flavor in other sweet food and beverage products such as chocolate, chili has moved into liqueurs adding a fiery note to sweet undertone flavors. Recently launched in Germany is the Deheck Likoer Sweet Fire With Strawberry and Chili Flavor, while the Chili Rose Grape Liqueur, launched in the US and Canada, is a grape liqueur with a subtle flavor of both chili and rose. Other interesting spicy flavors include pepper, which has featured in such recently launched brands as Kozatska Rada Pepper Liquor in the Ukraine, and 5 Kapel Nastoyka Gorkaya, in honey and pepper flavor, in Russia.
Figure 26:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Falling: Sweet Falling by 3.7 percentage points in the 2007 to 2010 period (see below), the sweet flavors saw the largest decline in use in new liqueur product launches. In case such as toffee and butterscotch some of the flavors . Nevertheless, the sweet flavor types of cream and honey continue to be popular, featuring in the top 10 of new flavors in 2010. This highlights the strength of such cream liqueur brands as Baileys and honey-based liqueurs such as Drambuie, and the continued efforts of manufacturers to tempt their loyal consumer base with new editions and multi-flavor offerings (such as Bailey brand extensions in hazelnut, mint and coffee flavors).
Figure 27: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in liqueurs (percentage point change) 200710
-3.7%
Sweet Soft Fruit Mint Chocolate Bitter Vanilla Vegetable Apple/pear -0.5% 0.0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Innovation trends
The following section offers an analysis of the current innovation trends that are impacting flavored liqueurs.
Figure 28:
Crme Yvette
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
(and makes copycat drinks all the more difficult to create). Many well-established liqueur brands have employed this strategy, including Jgermeister, Drambuie and Benedictine, all of whom have undisclosed recipes. A relatively recently introduced brand to undertake this strategy is St Germain Elderflower Liqueur, launched in the US in 2007. The brand is claimed to contain grape spirit, citrus flavoring and cane sugar, although the manufacturers keep the precise nature of its creation process a secret, therefore retaining a layer of mystique.
Figure 29:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Jgermeister, as a long drink with mixers, or combined with energy drinks. In this way, the beverage aims to rival Jgermeister as a drinking experience to be enjoyed by younger drinkers on a night out. Nonetheless, other companies have promoted their new herbal liqueurs on their innovative taste profile rather than the overall drinking experience, aiming to gain the attention of more sophisticated older consumers. New launches include unusual flavors such as hibiscus, jasmine and wild fennel. Modern Spirits Group has introduced both a hibiscus and jasmine flavored liqueur under the Fruit Lab Organic Liqueurs brand. Helping set them apart is their organic status. Meanwhile, the wild fennel ingredient was used in Distilleria F.lli Caffos Finocchietto Caffo branded liqueur, recently launched in Italy.
Figure 30:
Fruit Lab Organic Liqueurs Crism (hibiscus flavor) and Theia (jasmine flavor)
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 31:
Aphrodope Elixir
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
blueberries are grown in Ireland the blueberries are actually growing wild in the Wicklow Mountains, where they are known as bilberries and are slightly smaller than the North American blueberry,. Also adding point of difference to the product is the fact that the berries are left in the bottle, therefore aiding the appearance of the liqueur, as well the flavor, and adding to the overall experience of drinking Boozeberries.
Figure 32:
Boozeberries
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Conclusions
Liqueurs are emerging from an image of over sweet concoctions to make them more appealing to more adventurous palates. Flavors are a critical part of repositioning liqueurs to a younger demographic. Key observations of the sector include the following: Spices are underused in liqueurs bbut can add a desirable flavor element to liqueurs, not just in winter but year-round. In particular, spice and sweet flavor combinations are an interesting opportunity for innovationb. Nostalgia has been a strong trend through food and drink categories and it is no different in liqueurs. Because of the high level of private label activity heritage provides a quick differentiator for liqueur brands and a means to combat commodization of liqueurs. Herbal liqueurs do not always appeal to consumers on a taste front but as part of an overall drink experience package. As Sally Hogshead commented about Jgermeister: Jger doesnt succeed
despite its horrific taste, but because of it ... an overall toxic experience is part of the brand promise. There is an existing niche for liqueurs that can be positioned as a challenge, an experience, or as a punctuation point during a drinking session. However, this carries with it an inherent risk around products overtly or implicitly targeted at binge drinkers. Consumer appeal for greener, more sustainable products should not be underestimated. In particular, the opportunity is similar to that in areas such as chocolate where an overt link is made between the care and quality invested in the production of the ingredients and the taste of the finished product.
Chapter 6 Gin
Summary
Botanicals and floral were the strongest growing flavor categories from 2007 to 2010, while generic fruit and exotic fruit were the flavor types seeing the highest falls. Traditional flavors still have a strong in gin, and non-standard flavors have failed to take off as consumers do not perceive them to complement the products traditional flavorings of juniper and herbal/botanical infusions. Lighter gins seen by manufacturers as key to attracting new consumers especially lightening the flavor profile with floral or less strong botanical flavors. New production methods are being introduced to bring new flavors to gin, including the use of cold distillation which enables fresh fruit to be used instead of dried fruit. Healthier gin ingredients also bring an opportunity option of attracting health conscious consumers to the sector. For example, one brand aims to exploit the appeal of the Mediterranean diet by using ingredients grown in this region in its gin.
Introduction
Gin is a spirit flavored predominantly with juniper berries. It is available in several distinct styles, the most popular of which is London dry gin, which as well as containing juniper, uses citrus and spice flavorings such as lemon, anise and cinnamon. Although there are fewer variations in flavorings in gin than in other alcohol categories (which is reflected in the number of flavor types in new product launches that are recorded here), the sector is experiencing a division, with modern interpretations of gin bringing new flavor concepts to the sector, while a predominant juniper flavoring is maintained among brands marketed towards traditionalists.
Flavor trends
Regional analysis
Europe accounted for the vast majority of gin launches in 2010, as shown in Table 15, and has been of increasing focus for new product development since 2007. Europe is the traditional homeland of gin, originating in Holland and the UK in the 17th and 18th centuries and continues to have a strong following here as a result. As colonists from Europe settled in Asia and North America, gin production moved into these regions and created a market that continues today, as is reflected in their buoyant launch shares. In contrast, South & Central America and the Middle East & Africa have very small markets for gin, reflected in the fact that no launches were recorded here in the period surveyed.
2007
2008
2009
2010
Europe North America Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East & Africa
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Segment analysis
Botanical, floral and nutmeg were the largest growing flavor types in gin launches from 2007 to 2010, as shown in Figure 33. Botanical was also the leading flavor type in 2010, which is not surprising given gins traditional formula of ingredients including botanicals such as cinnamon, coriander and fennel. In contrast, the use of generic and exotic fruit flavors has declined in new product development.
Figure 33:
Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in gin, 2007-10
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Breakdown of key flavor types Botanical: Baobab, Basil, Cactus, Cinnamon, Coriander, Fennel, Herbal, Hibiscus, Rosemary,
Sarsaparilla,Thyme Exotic fruit: Exotic, Mango, Pomegranate, Tropical Floral: Elderflower, Floral, Lavender, Violet Generic fruit: Forest fruit, Fruit Nut: Nutmeg Soft fruit: cherry, olive
Table 16: Leading flavor types in global gin launches (%), 200710
Flavor type
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 200710 13.5% 3.2% 2.4% 6.3% 5.6% 0.8% 5.6% -4.0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Flavor Elderflower Lime Sloe Basil Blackcurrant Cinnamon Citrus Hibiscus Lemon Nutmeg Olive Rosemary Rye Spicy Thyme Anise Apple Baobab Bitter Cactus
2007 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0%
2008 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 8.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
2009 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% 0.0% 9.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.1% 3.1%
2010 11.1% 11.1% 11.1% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Note - because of the low number of product launches, there will be significant fluctuations year to year in results. These flavors represent the stated flavors, as claimed by the distillers rather than an accurate representation of the full range of botanicals used in brands.
Source: Product Launch Analytics
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Botanicals Botanicals, a category including the likes of basil, cinnamon and coriander, was the leading flavor type in 2010 gin new product launches and also the fastest growing over the 2007 to 2010 period. Gin products typically contain an array of botanicals, designed to complement the underlying juniper flavoring without dominating the taste profile completely. For example, the Blue Gin Dry Gin, recently launched in Europe, contains 27 botanicals sourced from all over the world. However, many of the new flavors, namely basil, cinnamon, hibiscus, rosemary and thyme, are not traditional. Globally sourcing botanicals is becoming a common trait among new gin products, as manufacturers look to use the most premium botanicals for their brands. Brockmans Gin is quite specific in some of the botanicals it contains, such as the regional specific Bulgarian coriander, and juniper from Tuscany. The distiller describes the gin as non-traditional, commenting that its intention was to create a "fresh taste that really changed the perception of contemporary gin". More unusual botanicals are in the Sacred Gin product, launched in Spain and the Netherlands. It is distilled with frankincense, alongside other more common flavors of juniper berries, fresh cut orange, and lime and lemon combined with cardamom and angelica.
Figure 34:
The arms race in gin for the most number of botanical flavors
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Floral Floral flavor notes are also a growing flavor in gin product launches. The category includes the most popular flavor of 2010 elderflower (which featured in 11.1% of new gin launches) as well as other floral flavors such as lavender and violet. Elderflower works well alongside gins underlying flavors, and is growing popularity; it featured in only 3.1% of new launches in 2009. Marketing for Gordons Gin noted, for example, that the floral, muscat flavors of elderflower go incredibly well with the fine botanicals in Gordon's. Florals also offer a light, refreshing flavor note that consumers associate with seasonal consumption during the summer months. Hence, there have emerged summer seasonal gin varieties such as the Summer Edition of Beefeater London Dry Gin with Elderflower, Blackcurrant & Hibiscus Flower. Other notable recent floral gin launches include Darnley's View London Dry Gin, which is available in the US in an Elderflower Scented variant. The product is promoted as a premium produced, artisanal gin that is "a five times distilled small batch gin with elderflower and citrus." Each bottle is said to have a distinctive floral aroma and flavor, with subtle variations in flavor due to the small batch production. In addition, the G'Vine Nouaison French Gin, available in the UK, comes in an unusual floral flavoring of grapevine flower, therefore providing differentiation to other floral gin offerings.
Figure 35:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Nut Nut flavors were the third largest growing claimed flavor type of the period, although it must be noted that this was in large part because no products were recorded in 2007. Two prestigious 2010 gin products to contain nutmeg were London Dry Gin in Winter Edition and the Brecon brand of Special Reserve Gin. Given its association with the seasonal drink eggnog, nutmeg has connotations of winter and Christmas. Pernod Ricard reflects this connection with the launch of the seasonal Beefeater Winter Edition London Dry Gin, which contains nutmeg as well as cinnamon, orange peel and pine. Meanwhile, the Brecon Special Reserve Gin is a gin that has been five times distilled with 10 aromatic herbs, including nutmeg, juniper berries, orange peel, stick cinnamon, licorice root, angelica root, Florence iris, coriander seeds and lemon peel.
Figure 36:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Falling: Generic fruit; exotic fruit The largest falling flavor categories from 2007 to 2010 were generic fruit and exotic fruit, both of which fell by 9.5 percentage points over the period. With no launches featuring these flavor types being recorded in 2010, the fall is likely due to manufacturers experimenting with unusual flavor concepts in the earlier period, but consumers showing preferences for more overt herbal and botanical flavors instead, which impart a more traditional gin flavor concept.
Figure 37: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in gin (percentage point change) 200710
-9.5%
Generic fruit
-9.5%
Exotic fruit
-4.8%
Vegetable
-4.8%
Ginger
-4.8%
Anise
-4.0% -10% -9% -8% -7% -6% -5% -4% -3% -2% -1%
Spicy
0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Innovation trends
The following section offers an analysis of the current innovation trends that are impacting flavored gin.
appealing to the consumer. They add something new and interesting that may attract the new consumer who may not want a heavy juniper gin," (Bev-AL Communications). Other brands can learn from Hendricks Gin success, and the New Western philosophy, and gain the respect from gin commentators for bringing gin up-to-date without ignoring its important sense of history.
Figure 38:
Oxley Classic English Dry Gin uses a unique cold distillation method
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 39:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Conclusions
Heritage still reigns strongly in gin, regardless of innovation in flavor. In this respect, where distillers are introducing new flavors into gin, an underleveraged point of difference is the provenance, quality and sustainability of the ingredients themselves. However, while consumers remain reasonably traditional with the exception of sloe gin, there is little innovation in any kind of flavored gin in the way that exists in, for example, vodka there is still capacity to innovate. But many distillers have taken the arms race approach by introducing greater numbers of botanical flavors into products. An alternative approach is to help consumers better understand different types of gin by positioning them better. For example, one of the key tensions in the gin market is differentiation between subtler and stronger flavors, and between botanical and more floral flavors. But distillers have been poor at guiding consumers by brand to help them navigate through different flavor types. Most consumers can poorly distinguish between the impact that certain botanicals will have either on the flavor, or on the mixed drink or cocktail they want to drink.
Chapter 7 Rum
Summary
In 2010, exotic fruit, citrus, spicy and sweet were the leading flavor types in new rum launches, while the largest growing flavor types of the 2007-2010 period were citrus, spicy, anise and botanical. The rum sector is becoming increasingly consolidated, with a few brands accounting for a high proportion of the market. One of the ways in which smaller producers are hitting back is to band together and produce blended offerings that offer something different to the competition. There are small rum producers in the US that are attracting the attention of rum commentators by offering unique tasting rums to rival their larger competitors. These players are attempting to bring rum production back to its roots in the US through micro-distilling. Larger rum producers are aiming to capitalize on the resurgent interest in craft rums by releasing rums that have ultra-premium characteristics and an appealing production story.
Introduction
Rum is made from sugarcane by-products such as molasses and sugarcane juice by a process of fermentation and distillation. The distillate, a clear liquid, is then usually aged in oak and other barrels. Most associated with the Caribbean islands, rum is also produced around the world with production methods depending on the location. As a result the drink can vary in taste. Rum is defined in different ways around the world, but for the purpose of this report it will be categorized as light and dark rum. Light Rum: Spirit made from sugar cane with no coloring additives (e.g. Bacardi, Havana Club). Dark Rum: Spirit made from sugar cane, darkened either by the addition of caramel or by maturation in oak containers (e.g. Captain Morgan, Navy Rum).
In contrast to other alcoholic drinks, rum is undergoing little innovation, with few new rum blends emerging. This is reflected in the relatively few flavor types recorded in this report in relation to new product launches (which in turn means that the data does not easily trend to any discernible pattern). In fact, the number of rum specialists is reducing as small island producers consolidate their operations in order to operate more efficiently. This means that a relatively limited number of brands dominate the market, namely Bacardi, Diageos Captain Morgan and Pernod Ricards Havana Club. Between them they account for around a third of sales. While these main producers are attempting to boost their profiles by introducing new rum types, there are also niche producers fighting back with innovative flavor offerings and rums that have a distinctive flavor of their own.
Flavor trends
Regional analysis
Europe has seen the majority of new launches in 2010, accounting for just under half of all new product introductions recorded. While Europe has been a hotspot for rum launches for some time, Asia Pacific is emerging as a popular area for the drink, boosted by increasing consumer interest in the product. The Asia Pacific region's share of new product launches increased by 19.6% percentage points in 2010 over 2007. In contrast, launches in North America have been on the decline, with a falling share of NPD in 2010.
Table 18: Regional share of rum new product launches (%), 2007-10
2007 Europe Asia Pacific North America Latin America Middle East & Africa
Source: Product Launch Analytics
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Segment analysis
In 2010, exotic fruit, citrus, spicy and sweet were the leading flavor types in new rum launches (see Table 19). In terms of the largest growing flavor types of the 2007-2010 period, these were citrus, spicy, anise and botanical.
Table 19: Leading flavor types in global rum launches (%), 200710
Flavor type
2007
2008
2009
2010
Percentage point change 200710 -4.2% 9.1% 6.9% -10.5% 6.3% 6.3%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Breakdown of key flavor types Anise: Anise, Star Anise Botanical: Cinnamon, Clove Citrus: Orange, Blood Orange, Citrus, Key Lime, Lime, Lemon, Melon, Pink Grapefruit, Tangerine Spicy: Chili, Cumin, Spicy Sweet: Brown Sugar, Butterscotch, Caramel, Honey, Maple, Molasses, Sugarcane, Sweet, Toffee, Vanilla
Figure 40:
Leading flavor types (%) for new product launches in rum, 200710
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Flavor Coconut Spicy Vanilla Lemon Orange Anise Banana Cherry Cinnamon Citrus Clove Cumin Fruit Ginger Honey Horchata Mango Nutmeg Pineapple Raisin
2007 2.2% 8.7% 8.7% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 6.5% 0.0% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0% 0.0% 6.5% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0% 2.2% 0.0% 4.3% 0.0%
2008 6.7% 10.0% 10.0% 6.7% 3.3% 0.0% 10.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.3%
2009 4.8% 0.0% 7.1% 2.4% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0% 2.4% 0.0%
2010 12.5% 12.5% 9.4% 6.3% 6.3% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1%
Note - because of the low number of product launches, there will be significant fluctuations year to year in results. These flavors represent the stated flavors, as claimed by the distillers.
Source: Product Launch Analytics
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Citrus Citrus grew 9.1% from 2007 to 2010 and was the strongest growing rum flavor type of the period. Leading flavors within this flavor type are lemon and orange, which both featured in the top ten for rum flavors in 2010, each accounting for 6.3% of new rum launches. The popularity of citrus flavored drinks generally (the trend is notable in areas as diverse as beer and gin), particularly in the summer, has seen citrus-flavored rum become more popular for product launches. In addition, citrus flavors have been added to rum brands as a result of the popularity of citrus flavored rum cocktails in bars and restaurants. Major brands have launched their own versions of citrus rum, such as Bacardi O, consisting of Bacardi rum with orange. The beverage is described as having orange aromas followed by wonderful citrus flavors. In addition, Pernod Ricards Seagrams Smooth Brazilian Rum in citrus flavor is described as a lighter spirit with citric, lemon notes, which capitalizes on the appeal of Brazil as having exotic, mysterious qualities, (see Figure 41). The lighter notes citrus flavors bring to rum is designed to appeal to consumers new to the sector as well as those willing to experiment with less intense rum flavors.
Figure 41:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Spicy Spicy flavors grew by 6.9 percentage points from 2007 to 2010, making it the second leading flavor type of the period, although spiced rums have been in existence for a long time. Consisting of flavors such as chili and cumin, the flavor type offers an exotic and intense element to rums traditional molasses flavorings. The renewed interest in spiced rums can be traced to a more general trend towards sweet/spicy combinations for example in chocolate. Two recent launches of spicy rum include products sold by Absacker (Germany) and Appleton Estate (Jamaica). Absacker has launched Absacker Refined Rum in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands. It is blended with cumin, lemon, anise and herbs and is marketed as "Strong & Sexy", a slogan that denotes the intense flavorings brought to the brand by its spicy mix. Appleton Estate Limited Edition 30 Year Old Jamaica Rum is described as a rare blend of several rums and to feature a bright and shiny color with a coppery hue. Available in the US, it is said to have spice notes alongside flavors of baked pear, maple, orange peel, ginger and vanilla. Marketing for the product states that its subtle oak character is wrapped with delicate spices and vanilla.
Figure 42:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Growing: Anise; botanicals Joint third leading flavor types of the period were anise and botanicals (which features clove and cinnamon flavorings). As with spicy flavors, these flavors add intensity to the rum, and are included in the Blackbeard and Elements 8 Barrel brands shown in Figure 43.
Figure 43:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Falling: Sweet Sweet flavor types fell the most in the period, featuring in fewer (by 10.5% percentage points) rum new product launches in 2010 than in 2007. Consisting of flavors such as brown sugar, butterscotch, caramel and honey, the sweet flavores have become less popular as consumers are instead demanding either tangy, light flavors or more intense spicy notes. Distillers are therefore responding with new launches that reflect these changing tastes. However, one flavor in this group is performing well, namely vanilla, which was third most popular rum flavor in 2010 and featured in 9.4% of new launches in this year.
Figure 44: Declining flavor categories for new product launches in rum (percentage point change), 200710
-10.5%
Sweet
-6.5%
Berry
-4.3%
Chocolate
-4.2%
-3.4%
-3.4%
Generic fruit
-2.2%
Dairy
Cocktail 0%
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Innovation trends
The following section offers an analysis of the current innovation trends that are impacting flavored rum.
Figure 45:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Figure 46:
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Conclusions
Flavor innovation is less visible in rum than in other alcoholic sectors. Rum brands are heavily consolidated and play heavily on heritage, which acts as a brake on innovation. There is, nonetheless, some capacity for more flavor innovation in rum, but consumers need to be educated on the benefits of individual flavor notes. At present, premiumization efforts in rum are largely focused on more exclusive, higher quality production to take rum more in line with whisk(e)y. One obvious area of opportunity is flavored white rum: at present many brands simply go down the route of Caribbean fruit flavors coconut, banana, pineapple etc. As a result, flavored white rums are hard to position as more sophisticated or premium. Either revisiting the quality of the flavor (for example, the provenance of the fruit) or moving away from stereotypical Caribbean cocktail flavors would mark an important change.
Chapter 8 Conclusions
There are many interlinked flavor trends that impact all of the six alcoholic categories analyzed in this report. These involve not just the flavors themselves (although certain flavors such as citrus are popular in many categories), but the overriding trends that influence the release of these flavors within all of these categories. By understanding these crossover trends, manufacturers, brewers and distillers can learn more about what flavors will work for their brands. The following have been identified as key crossover trends that impact flavors in alcoholic drinks: Flavors imparting a sense of better for you: Botanicals and fruits have long been used in drinks to add flavor notes, but increasingly ingredients such as cranberry are being used because they give a sense of healthiness as well. This is a subtle way for manufacturers to address the health trend. Using, for example, cranberry or aai in a beverage can therefore present the consumer with a seemingly healthier version of the original beverage type, even if it does not specifically state what that health benefit is, offering on trend advantage over the competition. Trend migration: Flavor trends are dynamic, and move frequently between east and west. For example, ginger, is becoming more popular again in alcoholic drinks on the back of an Eastern influence and its importance in Asian cuisine. Flavored rums and gins are gaining appeal in the east as a result of the increasing influence of Western culture. Flavors are jumping categories: Manufacturers are taking inspiration from flavor successes in other categories for their own beverage extensions. This is a well trodden and successful means to gain consumer interest in new flavors, leaning heavily on consumer knowledge of the flavor type and gambling that it will succeed in their own drinks category. Examples include vodka flavors crossing over into gin and rum sectors, such as citrus and coconut variants. Such crossovers acknowledge that regular consumers of one type of beverage probably also frequently drink other alcoholic beverages and will desire similarly flavored offerings.
Flavor specificity as premiumization: being highly specific about the origin of the flavor (the type of fruit, or the provenance of the ingredient) is a key means for brand owners to improve the premium credentials of brands. At the same time, it is noticeable how brewers and distillers are increasing their emphasis on the variety of flavors and flavor notes discernible in a product borrowing techniques from the wine and whisky sectors.
Tension between more and less flavors: increasingly, there is a tension between pure, unflavored or unadulterated brands and brands which make a real play on the sheer number of flavors and ingredients in their product. In both cases, this is being pushed to the point of overemphasis either on how pure the product really is, or as an arms race where brand owners compete for who has the most complexity in their product. By contrast, there is still a real opportunity to help consumers actually understand better the relationship between ingredients and their experience, and helping them to understand different types of styles of product in particular this is the case with gin.
Longterm Loyalist
Tradition Nostalgia Authenticity Intensity Sophistication Familiarity
Category Novice
Subtle flavors Freshness Light Easygoing Novel category flavors Healthy
Experimenter
Unusual flavor mixes Novel ingredient sourcing New production methods Savory flavor enthusiast Education via bar mixologists Drinking experience over flavor taste profile
BUSINESS INSIGHTS
Appendix
Methodology
Secondary research
This report used a variety of secondary resources in which to develop a comprehensive examination of recent innovative product launches in Japan. The main resources used were as follows: Product Launch Analytics (www.productscan.com) Additional secondary research from company, trade, editorial and academic sources
Glossary/Abbreviations
ABV: Alcohol by volume NPD: New product development
117
Bibliography/References
Artrip, Paul; Artisan Rums - The Second American Revolution; The Examiner; June 2010 Beverage Spectrum magazine feature writer; A Fresh Taste of Growth for Malternatives; BevSpectrum.com; September 2006 Bouckley, Ben; Beverage boom sees Symrise bank on new citrus concepts; Food Navigator; November 2010 Charles, Gemma; Molson Coors to launch 'clear beer for women'; Marketing Magazine; April 2010 Chicago Tribune staff writer; Craft beers hopping; With overall beer sales ailing, big brewers turn to specialty brews; Chicago Tribune, September 2010 Daley, Bill; New generation of gin adds flavors; Projo.com; July 2010 Dodd, Claire; Drinks Product Launches of the Year: We have lift-off; The Publican; December 2010 FDIN staff writer; Boozeberries achieves silver at the Liqueur Masters Awards; FDIN.org.uk; October 2010 Grocer staff writer; Mix and win with the new generation of pre-mixed spirits; The Grocer; April 2010 Haynes-Peterson, Robert; New Flavored Vodkas spice up NYC bars and homes, Diddy lends a hand; The Examiner; February 2010 Hogshead, Sally; How to Fascinate; Change This; February 2009 Howard, Theresa; Ad Track: Beer brewers juice up their flavor varieties; USA Today; March 2008 Huddleston, Nigel; Nuts about ginger; Morning Advertiser; July 2010 Ingredients Network staff writer; Creative spirit; Ingredients Network; March 2010 Kesmodel, David; FDA Set to Move on Caffeine in Alcoholic Drinks; The Wall Street Journal Online; 118
November 2010 Lowfatdietplan admin; Vodka Food Pairings; Lowfatdietplan.org; December 2010 Milbourn, Todd; A million bucks to study beer?; www.kval.com; March 2010 Morago, Greg; Spices, produce spike new vodkas; Houston Chronicle; June 2010 Nims, Cynthia; A gin renaissance: new twists and flavor profiles for this bar staple find favor with mixologists and chefs alike; Cheers; Oct, 2006 Ostrow, Melissa; The Bore Behind the Bar: Can Rum Join Its Hipster Friends?; The Atlantic; November 2010 Paolillo Lockett, Michelle; Gin time: can classic cocktails and new, less juniper-forward gins further expand the category?; Bev-AL Communications, Inc; March 2010 Stambor, Zak; Sit down, stay awhile; Chicago Tribune; October 2010 Willse, Elizabeth; The Beers of Summer; Womensvoicesforchange.org; June 2010 Wilson, Jason; All abuzz over fuzz; Washington Post; October 2010 Zegler, Jennifer; Beverage R&D: 2011 New Product Development Survey; Bevindustry.com; January 2011
119