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LIBERTY UNIVERSITY

Exegetical Paper Passage and Bibliography: Ephesian 6:10-20

NBST 652 Hermeneutics

BY CARLA JOHNSON-LANE

GAINESVILLE, FL March 3, 2013

2 OBESERVATION

Exegetical Passage Ephesian 6:10-20

The Armor of God

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Finally, be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. 11 Put on the full armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devils schemes. 12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms. 13 Therefore put on the full armor of God, so that when the day of evil comes, you may be able to stand your ground, and after you have done everything, to stand. 14 Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place, 15 and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace. 16 In addition to all this, take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 17 Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.
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And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests. With this in mind, be alert and always keep on praying for all the Lords people. 19 Pray also for me, that whenever I speak, words may be given me so that I will fearlessly make known the mystery of the gospel, 20 for which I am an ambassador in chains. Pray that I may declare it fearlessly, as I should. Commands Be Strong (v10) Put On (v11) Take up (v13) Stand firm (v14) Take (v17) Contrasts, Comparisons Physical and Spiritual Struggles Shield of faith and fiery darts Repetition of words And (v10,12,13,14,15,17,18) Against (v11,12) Your (v14,15,) Having (v13,14) Be able (v11,13,16,)

Cause and effect (Cause) Put on the full armor of God (Effect) stand against the devils schemes (v11) (Cause) Put on the armor of God (Effect) stand your ground (v13) (Cause) take up the shield of faith (Effect) extinguish fiery darts from the enemy (v16) Conjunctions, And (vs. 10,12,13,15,17,18,19) So (vs. 11,13,19) For (vs. 12,13,20) But (vs. 12) Verbs, Be Strong (vs. 10) Put On (vs. 11, 13) Take (vs. 11, 17) Struggles (vs. 12) Come (vs. 13) Stand (vs. 13,14) Have done (vs. 13) Fitted (vs. 15) Take up (vs. 16) Extinguish (vs. 16) Key terms and Phrases Finally (vs. 10) Strength (vs. 10) Might (vs. 10) Armor (vs. 11,13) Put on the armor of God (vs. 11, 13) Belt of Truth (vs. 14) Breastplate of righteousness (vs. 14) Gospel of Peace (vs. 15) Shield of Faith (vs. 16) Helmet of Salvation (vs. 17) Sword of the Spirit (vs. 17)

4 MAIN IDEA God makes provision for the believer to stand against the strategies of the devil and advance the mystery of the Good News. OUTLINE

OBSERVATION ................................................................................................................................................... 2-3 MAIN IDEA ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 OUTLINE ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 5 HISTORICAL AND LITERARY ANALYSIS OF EPHESIANS .................................................................... 5-6 LITERACY CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................... 6-9 ARMOR 0F GOD ............................................................................................................................................... 9-10 BELT OF TRUTH ................................................................................................................................................. 10 BREASTPLATE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS ..................................................................................................... 10-11 FEET SHOD WITH THE GOSPEL OF PEACE ............................................................................................... 12 SHEILD OF FAITH .............................................................................................................................................. 13 HELMETOF SALVATION ............................................................................................................................ 13-15 SWORD OF THE SPIRIT .................................................................................................................................... 14 PRAYER FOR THE SAINTS ......................................................................................................................... 14-15 APPLICATION ................................................................................................................................................ 15-16 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................. 17

5 INTRODUCTION We are told that "our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms" (Ephesians 6:10). We are living in the last days, we are in a battle, and we need the help of the Lord. The enemy has positioned his armies. When we neglect truth, we go into battle unarmed. We as believers should face the fact that spiritual warfare is real, but most of all know that there is a greater that resides in us. The Bible states in John 8:32, And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. The word of God is our truth, and as believers we must know and believe that it is the truth that sets us free from any stronghold or any bondage. The Bible states in John 1:14a, And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth. When truth (Jesus) got on the cross, truth gave up the ghost and said, It is finished. It was at that moment victory was won because truth had spoken victory and displayed it on the cross. Now we as Christians must continue to equip ourselves with the full Amor of God. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT Virtually all Christians believe that Paul the Apostle wrote the letter to the Ephesians. The Apostle Paul writing of Ephesians was essentially unopposed by scholars up until the 19th Century when Biblical disapproval became a trend in the midst of the theological community and academia. Moreover, most conservative New Testament scholars hold to the tradition that the Apostle Paul has authorship of Ephesians along with Colossians, Philippians and Philemon.1 In addition, scholars normally clutch to the declaration that the book of Ephesians was written by the Apostle Paul during second imprisonment in Rome.2 _________________________
[1] Constable, Thomas L., Dr Constables Notes on Ephesians 2012 Edition. (http://www.soniclight.com/constable/notes/pdf/ephesians.pdf, (Accessed2/25/13)

6 Additionally, scholars normally clutch to the declaration that the book of Ephesians was written by the Apostle Paul during second imprisonment in Rome.2 Scriptural reproach concerning Ephesians is often accredited to the disputes such as the alleged unnecessary exaltation of the Apostle Paul and other apostles. The issues over the interpretation of the Apostle Paul and the other apostles in Ephesians is defensible as debate on this subject is centered around the part that the Apostle Paul and the other apostles had taken in the declaration of the gospel in the midst of the early church. Further reproach was displayed by the liberal scholars on the taxonomy the holy apostles. As displayed by Klyne Snodgrass, such reproach overlooks the unfailing reference by which the Apostle Paul refers to Christians as saints.3 In addition, the support for the Apostle Paul authorship can be obtained by evidence found within the book of Ephesians. The Apostle Paul starts the letter with a greeting to the Church of Ephesus which is a normal component of Pauls literature. Furthermore there is a considerable amount of material displayed as a first person statement by the Apostle Paul for the readers. Any efforts at challenging the Apostle Paul authorship does very little to disgrace the necessary theological importance of the book of Ephesians to the believers (the Church). The Bible states in Romans 15:4, For whatever was written in earlier times was written for our instruction, so that through perseverance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope. LITERARY CONTEXT The letter of Ephesians displays two key elements, that of exhortation and doctrine.
_______________________________________ [2] Constable, Thomas L., Dr Constables Notes on Ephesians 2013 Edition.( (Accessed2/25/13) [3] klyne Snodgrass, The NIV Application Commentary: Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan) [4] Ibid.p.27

7 In process of preparing for defense, the Apostle Paul teaches the church how to deal with the natural battles of relationships, and secondly he teaches the church how to deal with spiritual battles. It was important that the church of Ephesus understand the importance of unity among the other Christians. The Bible states Ephesians 4:1-3, As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received. Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love. Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace. The armor of God is the ultimate exhortation to the Ephesians as they face spiritual warfare through prayer. The word of God reminds us that prayer is important in the time of battle and that God will fight our battles. The Bible states in 1 Chronicles 5:20, They cried out to God during the battle, and he answered their prayer because they trusted in him. So the Hagrites and all their allies were defeated. In the last few chapters of the Book of Ephesians, the Apostle Paul displays his final exhortation by preparing the Christians of Ephesus for spiritual battle. The Apostle initiates his final exhortation by utilizing the word Finally which means that he is bringing everything to a close.5 By way of explanation, everything that has been spoken Paul is now summing up as he concludes the book of Ephesians. The Apostle Paul wanted the church established on truth. In writing this passage he wanted the body of Christ to know how Satan works. Secondly he wanted the church to know what their divine weapons were. He wanted the church to understand what they have in Jesus Christ. The Apostle Paul wanted the church to know that even with the unity in Christ and the unity of fellowship, as believers they must still rely on the power of God to fight their battles. ___________________________
[5] Miller,H.S. The Book of Ephesians. (Houghton, NY: The Word Bearer Press, 1931) [6]Ibid.p220

8 The Bible states in Psalms 28:7, The LORD is my strength and my shield; in him my heart trusts, and I am helped; my heart exults, and with my song I give thanks to him. The furious battles that we face are spiritual bondages and spiritual warfare that must be fought with spiritual weapons. The Bible states in Hebrew 4:12, For the word of God [is] quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, and of the joints and marrow, and [is] a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the heart. Our weapon is the word of truth and the ultimate power of God which is the most powerful tool needed for spiritual warfare. Therefore, when Christians make efforts to fight spiritual battles in their own way and own power, they are merely being disobedient to God. The Bible states in Isaiah 55:8, For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, declares the LORD. Christians are instructed to access strength from God and through God only.7 The Bible states in Romans 11:36 For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. We as Christians are to be resilient in what God is and what he has for it is the power of God that exceeds the believer in battle.8 The Bible states in Isaiah 40:29 He giveth power to the faint; and to them that have no might he increaseth strength. While the Christian must solely depend on the power of God he must also be equipped for battle. Christians are instructed to put on the full armor of God in its totality. The Apostle Paul gradually displays what the Christian should stand against. The armor of God is presented as that which empowers the believer to stand against the wiles of the enemy. John Stott displays that the devil takes on many forms and his attacks are treacherous and unpredictable.10
___________________________ [7]Ibid.p221 [8]Ibid.p222 [9] The Armor of God - A study of Ephesians Chapter 6" Website. http://www.delusionresistance.org/christian/armor.html [10] Stott, John R.W. The Message of Ephesians. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1979.

9 When Christians do not fully equip themselves with the Armor of God they are merely opening themselves up for spiritual defeat. THE ARMOR OF GOD The ultimate foundation of strength for Christians is not in fleshly weapons or through fleshly capability. The Apostle Paul displays that the armor of God is very effective when Christians totally put their trust in God. The Bible states in Psalms 59:17, You are my strength, I sing praise to you; you, God, are my fortress, my God on whom I can rely. The Apostle Paul instructs the believer to be strong in the Lord and in the power of His Might (His strength). Even though God has made available to the Christian the needed device to withstand the wiles of the devil, the Christian should not lose focus that all of the components of the armor of God is the creation of God. Another spirited characteristic of the armor of God is the command to put on the full armor of God. When a soldier goes into battle not fully equipped he is in danger of being taken down by the hands of the enemy where the armor is lacking. In addition, Christians need to correctly put on all facets of the armor of God. According to the theologian William Gurnall the power of the one and the senses of the other are divinely protect. No part is left exposed. God designs each part of the armor for a particular purpose; therefore the saint must be properly attired ...the saint is called to keep his armor for use and shining11 This metaphor, when joined with that of a warrior who is distinguished in the skill of warfare, offers a thorough image of the nature in which a Christian is to bind their enemy. The components of the armor of God, when joined with the imagining of a wrestler defined by the Apostle Paul in Ephesians 6:12 undoubtedly detect the perilous nature of the spiritual fight in _____________________
[11] William Gurnall, The Christian in Complete Armor Vol.I(Easr Peoria:Versa Press),74

10 which every Christian faces. After establishing the needed provisions for warfare, the Apostle Paul encourages the Christian to gird their loins with the belt or girdle of truth (Ephesians 6:14). The belt was known as the cingulum or balteus which played a vital role in the use of a soldier's armor. 12 In minds of the Roman solider, the belt was a key part of his clothing which disallowed his outer tunic from being a weakness in war. According to author John MacArthur, since the ultimate part of ancient warfare was hand-to-hand, a loose tunic was a possible interruption and a danger. Basically, without the girdle, the soldier would actually be incapable of effectively standing in battle. The Bible states in Luke 12:35, Let your waists be girded about, and your lamps burning. The Bible states in Proverbs 3:5. Trust in the LORD with all your heart And do not lean on your own understanding. As Christians we are instructed not to be reliant on our own intellectual wisdom, but rather on the truth that is display in the Word of God. As noted by author Neil Anderson, we as Christians should believe everything the Word of God says about his children because it is the truth that will set you free from every stronghold and bring every thought under subjection to the Holy Ghost.13 The Word of God is our weapon of real defeat and it should be used as our foundation to distinction between the truth and the father of lies. Just as the girdle functioned as the point of stability for the Roman soldier the word of God must work for a point of stability for the believer. BREASTPLATE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS The second piece of armor the Apostle Paul displays in Ephesians 6:14 is "the breastplate of righteousness." _____________________
[12] http://www.freebiblestudyguides.org/bible-teachings/armor-of-god-belt-of-truth.htm#sthash.41bBlLPE.dpuf (Reviewed March2013) [13]Anderson, Neil. (2006) The bondage breaker: Overcoming negative thoughts, irrational feelings, habitual sins . Sisters, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers.

11 The breastplate was a vital part of the Roman soldier's armor because it offers protection for the upper body, which contains vital organs. Without a breastplate, a soldier would be committing suicide; any attack could suddenly become fatal. With a durable breastplate, the attacks can become futile, as blows bounce off the armor. The Bible states in Proverbs 11:4, Riches do not profit in the day of wrath, but righteousness delivers from death. The spiritual submission of the breastplate is significant. For the Apostle Paul instructs Christians to put on the breastplate of righteousness which is from God in faith. Philippians 3:8 says, What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things. I consider them garbage, that I may gain Christ 9 and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which is through faith in Christthe righteousness that comes from God on the basis of faith. This sort of righteousness cannot be accomplished by efforts at honest morals alone from faith in God. When believers put on the breastplate of righteousness, they must make certain not to do away with it. The Bible states in 2 Peter 2:20, For if, after escaping the world's corruptions through a full knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus, the Messiah, they are again entangled and conquered by those corruptions, then their last condition is worse than their former one. As noted by author G.G Findlay, believers must understand that wearing righteousness is not a onetime occurrence but rather, it consists of a lifetime of commitment.14
_____________________ [14]Findlay, G. G. The Epistle to the Ephesians. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1898.

12 FEET SHOD WITH THE GOSPEL OF PEACE The third piece of armor the Apostle Paul displays in Ephesians 6 is the shoes of "the preparation of the gospel of peace." When looking at a fully armed soldier one can imagine him having on his sword, his shield, his helmet, his breastplate and his belt however his feet are absolutely bare. The Apostle Paul encourages the believer to put on whole armor so a shoeless soldier could come against some severe distress in the heat of battle. Unless the solider is fighting on artificial turf, he will run into some debris. Therefore when a solider is on the battle field one of the last things he wants to deal with is where he is stepping. Shoes allow a solider to step at liberty and without fear and focusing his attention on the battle at hand. The believer is the Church of God, and we are sent to declare the good news of the Kingdom of God, which will expand His method of peace throughout the world. When we as solider have our shoes on, we are in position to move, and to spread the God New to others. God commands us as believer to spread the good news to this dying world, who can yet live when they yield to the bread of life which is the word. So we as Christian have a responsibility to up hold, for the Bibles states in Matthew 28:19-20 Go Ye Therefore and Teach All Nations.All Things Whatsoever I Have Commanded You. In Ephesians, the Apostle Paul urges the believer to a state of readiness when putting on ones spiritual footwear. This symbolizes a relentless position of readiness to spread the gospel demonstrating that those who are suitably equipped with the armor of God have their feet tailored, and ready for spiritual warfare. In addition, the Apostle Paul urges the believers to stand firm. ______________________
[15] Edwards, Mark J. and Thomas C. Oden, eds. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament VIII, Galatians, Ephesians, and Philippians. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1999.

13 SHIELD OF FAITH The fourth piece of armor the Apostle Paul displays in Ephesians 6 is "the shield of faith. The Apostle Paul's description of the armor of God has been to some degree limited to the items we wear. As soldier in the army of the Lord we put on the belt, the breastplate and the shoes, and they basically hold themselves up. However the shield is not the same. The Apostle Paul displays that the shield is something we essential must take up; it is rather something one is required to elevate. Just securing it to ones arm will not be beneficial at all if one does not make an effort to hold it upward and utilize it. The shield of faith extinguishes the flaming arrows of the enemy. The Roman shield is called the scutum which was not the standard "medieval-esque."16 As noted by author H. Russell Robinson, the scutum was a 10kg large oval curved shield made from two sheets of wood glued together and covered with canvas and leather, typically with a spindle shaped boss along the vertical length of the shield.17 The shield was so large that a solider could hide behind the shield to avoid fiery artilleries. The Apostle Paul urges the believer to take the shield of faith so that one will be able to put out the fiery darts of the enemy. Equally, the believer need to hide behind their faith for it is their faith that shields one from the wiles of the devil. The ultimate purpose of the shield of faith is to be an offensive and defensive weapon for the believer.

HELMET OF SALVATION In Ephesians 6, the Apostle Paul discusses the "helmet of salvation" as being a part of the armor of God. _____________________
[16] Bunson, Matthew. Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire. New York: Facts on File, 1994. Reference Collection 937 B88 [17] Robinson, H.R. (1975). The Armour of Imperial Rome. London: Arms and Armour Press.

14 The purpose of the helmet for the Roman army served as protection of the head from the attacks of the devil. While in battle the believer must remain focused and maintain a clear mind. The helmet of salvation gives the believer the courage and clarity needed in the mist of battle. The Bible states in 2 Timothy 4:7, I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith. In being aware of ones salvation conveys clarity to the believer to fight and courage to stay on course to the end.18 The Apostle Paul displays the sixth piece of armor with the Sword of the Spirit. The Roman sword known as the gladius has come to be known as "the sword that dominated the world." When sharpened, the dual edges caused havoc on unarmored opponents, and the narrow point could penetrate through heavy metal armor. The sword of the Spirit is ultimate the believers offensive weapon. This sword undoubtedly can also be utilized as a tool for defense. This sword consists of the Spirit as well as the Word of God. In spiritual warfare, battles are conquered by the Word. The Word of God will enforce the victory; therefore the believer must place hope and confidence in the promise. The Bible states in 2 Peter 1:3, His divine power has given us everything we need for a godly life through our knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and goodness. 4 Through these he has given us his very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature, having escaped the corruption in the world caused by evil desires. Prayer is a vital part of our day-to-day lives. The Apostle Paul completes the passage on spiritual warfare by admonishing the believers to be in a mindset of readiness always praying for fellow believers.
___________________________ [18]Boice, James M. Ephesians. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1997. [19]Ibid.p250

15 Luke 21:36 states, So be alert at all times, praying that you may have strength to escape all these things that are going to take place and to take your stand in the presence of the Son of Man." The Apostle Paul not only encourages the believer to pray at all times, he also instructs the believer to pray with a variety of request and prayers. The type of pray the Apostle Paul was referring to is that if intercession prayer. Intercessory prayer is for one saint to another saint but most of all intercessory prayer is for all spiritual leaders. The Bible states in 1 Timothy 2:1-2, I urge, then, first of all, that petitions, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for all people for kings and all those in authority, that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness. APPLICATION This passage prepares the believer to be alert to the devices of the devil and to prepare the believer for spiritual warfare. But, the problem is that some Christians do not know that spiritual warfare is real or they know but chose to ignore it. The Bible states in 1Peter 5:8, Be selfcontrolled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. The Ephesians had personal experience and knowledge of battle. They experience warfare in their lives as they made efforts to change the city of Ephesus. It is vital for the believers today to recognize that spiritual warfare does exist. Hosea 4:6 states, My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I will also forget thy children. Knowledge brings power and power brings victory. Throughout time, people have had a twisted mind to depend on their own way and their own power. Ananias and his wife, Sapphira, desired to make their own way by lying to Peter and

16 to God, saying that they had donated the entire proceeds of the sale of the land to the church. From Genesis to Revelation stories continue to display how Gods people do not solely depend on His power and strength. It is evident that we as believers cannot conquer the spiritual warfare that is before us with ultimately depending on the power and strength of the almighty God. The Bible states in 1 Chronicles 29:12, Both riches and honor come from you, and you rule over all. In your hand are power and might, and in your hand it is to make great and to give strength to all. No one has been successful in accomplishing spiritual warfare under their own strength and power. CONCLUSION Believers are instructed to be alert and ready to put on the whole armor of God and to fight the fight. Ephesians 6:13. Therefore put on the full armour of God, so that when the day of evil comes, you may be able to stand your ground, and after you have done everything, to stand. Stand firm. The armour the Apostle Paul urges believers to wear is all defensive. Even though we as believers are fighting a defensive war, we are only afford this opportunity because the victory was won when Jesus overcome Satan on the cross. The spiritual forces of wickedness and darkness are the ones who are fearful. We as believers have the victory, through Jesus Christ. The Bible states in 1 John 4:4, Ye are of God, little children, and have overcome them: because greater is he that is in you, than he that is in the world. With that said, for the most part, it is important that Christians understand and know their identity in Christ, and the power and liberty we have in knowing God's truth which is his word. ______________________
Chicago: Moody Press, 1994 [20] Bock, Darrell. A Theology of Pauls Prison Epistles. In A Biblical Theology of the New Testament p. 319. Edited by Roy B. Zuck.

17 BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, Neil. (2006) The bondage breaker: Overcoming negative thoughts, irrational feelings, habitual sins. Sisters, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. Boice, James M. Ephesians. Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1997. Bock, Darrell. A Theology of Pauls Prison Epistles. In A Biblical Theology of the New Testament p. 319. Edited by Roy B. Zuck. Chicago: Moody Press, 1994. Bunson, Matthew. Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire. New York: Facts on File, 1994. Constable, Thomas L., Dr Constables Notes on Ephesians 2012 Edition. (http://www.soniclight.com/constable/notes/pdf/ephesians.pdf, (Accessed2/25/13). Constable, Thomas L., Dr Constables Notes on Ephesians 2013 Edition. (http://www.soniclight.com/constable/notes/pdf/ephesians.pdf, (Accessed2/25/13). Edwards, Mark J. and Thomas C. Oden, eds. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Testament VIII, Galatians, Ephesians, and Philippians. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1999. Findlay, G. G. The Epistle to the Ephesians. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1898. Miller, H. S. The Book of Ephesians. Houghton, NY: The Word Bearer Press, 1931. Robinson, H.R. (1975). The Armour of Imperial Rome. London: Arms and Armour Press. Snodgrass ,Klyne. The NIV Application Commentary: Ephesians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan). Stott, John R.W. The Message of Ephesians. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1979. The Armor of God A study of Ephesians Chapter 6. Website. http://www.delusionresistance.org/christian/armor.html http://www.freebiblestudyguides.org/bible-teachings/armor-of-god-belt-oftruth.htm#sthash.41bBlLPE.dpuf (Reviewed March2013). William Gurnall. The Christian in Complete Armor: Volume I. (Easr Peoria:Versa Press),74.